<s>
Screen	B-General_Concept
burn-in	I-General_Concept
,	O
image	O
burn-in	O
,	O
ghost	O
image	O
,	O
or	O
shadow	O
image	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
permanent	O
discoloration	O
of	O
areas	O
on	O
an	O
electronic	O
display	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
cathode	B-Device
ray	I-Device
tube	I-Device
(	O
CRT	O
)	O
in	O
an	O
old	O
computer	B-Device
monitor	I-Device
or	O
television	O
set	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Newer	O
liquid-crystal	B-Device
displays	I-Device
(	O
LCDs	B-Device
)	O
may	O
suffer	O
from	O
a	O
phenomenon	O
called	O
image	B-Device
persistence	I-Device
instead	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
not	O
permanent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
way	O
to	O
combat	O
screen	B-General_Concept
burn-in	I-General_Concept
was	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
screensavers	B-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
would	O
move	O
an	O
image	O
around	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
area	O
of	O
the	O
screen	O
remained	O
illuminated	O
for	O
too	O
long	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
phosphor-based	O
electronic	O
displays	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
CRT-type	O
computer	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
,	O
oscilloscope	O
screens	O
or	O
plasma	O
displays	O
)	O
,	O
non-uniform	O
use	O
of	O
specific	O
areas	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
prolonged	O
display	O
of	O
non-moving	O
images	O
(	O
text	O
or	O
graphics	O
)	O
,	O
repetitive	O
contents	O
in	O
gaming	O
graphics	O
,	O
or	O
certain	O
broadcasts	O
with	O
tickers	O
and	O
flags	O
,	O
can	O
create	O
a	O
permanent	O
ghost-like	O
image	O
of	O
these	O
objects	O
or	O
otherwise	O
degrade	O
image	O
quality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
if	O
ghost	O
images	O
are	O
not	O
recognizable	O
,	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
screen	B-General_Concept
burn	I-General_Concept
are	O
an	O
immediate	O
and	O
continual	O
degradation	O
of	O
image	O
quality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
length	O
of	O
time	O
required	O
for	O
noticeable	O
screen	B-General_Concept
burn	I-General_Concept
to	O
develop	O
varies	O
due	O
to	O
many	O
factors	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
the	O
phosphors	O
employed	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
non-uniformity	O
of	O
sub-pixel	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
rare	O
case	O
when	O
horizontal	O
or	O
vertical	O
deflection	O
circuits	O
fail	O
,	O
all	O
output	O
energy	O
is	O
concentrated	O
to	O
a	O
vertical	O
or	O
horizontal	O
line	O
on	O
the	O
display	O
which	O
causes	O
almost	O
instant	O
screen	B-General_Concept
burn	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Phosphor	O
burn-in	O
is	O
particularly	O
prevalent	O
with	O
monochromatic	O
CRT	B-Device
screens	I-Device
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
amber	O
or	O
green	B-Device
monochrome	I-Device
monitors	I-Device
common	O
on	O
older	O
computer	O
systems	O
and	O
dumb	O
terminal	O
stations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modern	O
CRT	B-Device
displays	I-Device
are	O
less	O
susceptible	O
than	O
older	O
CRTs	O
prior	O
to	O
the	O
1960s	O
because	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
layer	O
of	O
aluminum	O
behind	O
the	O
phosphor	O
which	O
offers	O
some	O
protection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Plasma	O
displays	O
produced	O
until	O
around	O
2007	O
were	O
highly	O
susceptible	O
to	O
burn-in	O
,	O
while	O
LCD-type	O
displays	O
are	O
rarely	O
affected	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
LCDs	B-Device
,	O
the	O
physics	O
of	O
burn-in	O
are	O
different	O
than	O
plasma	O
and	O
OLED	O
,	O
which	O
develop	O
burn-in	O
from	O
luminance	O
degradation	O
of	O
the	O
light-emitting	O
pixels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
LCDs	B-Device
,	O
burn-in	O
develops	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
because	O
pixels	O
permanently	O
lose	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
return	O
to	O
their	O
relaxed	O
state	O
after	O
a	O
continued	O
static	O
use	O
profile	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
most	O
typical	O
usage	O
profiles	O
,	O
this	O
image	B-Device
persistence	I-Device
in	O
LCD	B-Device
is	O
only	O
transient	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
plasma-type	O
and	O
LCD-type	O
displays	O
exhibit	O
a	O
similar	O
phenomenon	O
called	O
transient	O
image	B-Device
persistence	I-Device
,	O
which	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
screen	B-General_Concept
burn	I-General_Concept
but	O
is	O
not	O
permanent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
plasma-type	O
displays	O
,	O
transient	O
image	B-Device
persistence	I-Device
is	O
caused	O
by	O
charge	O
build-up	O
in	O
the	O
pixel	O
cells	O
(	O
not	O
cumulative	O
luminance	O
degradation	O
as	O
with	O
burn-in	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
sometimes	O
when	O
a	O
bright	O
image	O
that	O
was	O
set	O
against	O
a	O
dark	O
background	O
is	O
replaced	O
by	O
a	O
dark	O
background	O
only	O
;	O
this	O
image	B-Device
retention	I-Device
is	O
usually	O
released	O
once	O
a	O
typical-brightness	O
image	O
is	O
displayed	O
and	O
does	O
not	O
inhibit	O
the	O
display	O
's	O
typical	O
viewing	O
image	O
quality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Screensavers	B-General_Concept
derive	O
their	O
name	O
from	O
their	O
original	O
purpose	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
an	O
active	O
method	O
of	O
attempting	O
to	O
stave	O
off	O
screen	B-General_Concept
burn	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modern	O
screensavers	B-General_Concept
can	O
turn	O
off	O
the	O
screen	O
when	O
not	O
in	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
many	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
screensaver	B-General_Concept
is	O
impractical	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
plasma-type	O
display	O
manufacturers	O
include	O
methods	O
for	O
reducing	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
burn-in	O
by	O
moving	O
the	O
image	O
slightly	O
,	O
which	O
does	O
not	O
eliminate	O
screen	B-General_Concept
burn	I-General_Concept
but	O
can	O
soften	O
the	O
edges	O
of	O
any	O
ghost	O
image	O
that	O
does	O
develop	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
manufacturers	O
of	O
Android	B-Application
Wear	I-Application
watches	O
with	O
OLED	O
displays	O
can	O
request	O
that	O
Android	B-Application
Wear	I-Application
enable	O
"	O
burn	O
protection	O
techniques	O
"	O
that	O
periodically	O
shift	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
the	O
screen	O
by	O
a	O
few	O
pixels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
examples	O
:	O
Apple	O
's	O
iPhone	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
and	O
Samsung	O
's	O
Galaxy	B-Operating_System
series	O
both	O
mitigate	O
or	O
delay	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
burn-in	O
by	O
shifting	O
the	O
pixels	O
every	O
minute	O
or	O
so	O
for	O
the	O
battery	O
,	O
Wi-Fi	O
,	O
location	O
,	O
and	O
service	O
bars	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AG	O
Neovo	O
patented	O
Anti-burn-in	O
technology	O
is	O
also	O
using	O
pixel	O
shifting	O
to	O
activate	O
the	O
pixels	O
to	O
move	O
by	O
the	O
designed	O
time	O
interval	O
to	O
prevent	O
burn	O
in	O
effect	O
on	O
LCD	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
screensavers	B-General_Concept
move	O
around	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
those	O
on	O
DVD	O
players	O
or	O
those	O
on	O
some	O
television	O
sets	O
that	O
move	O
around	O
paused	O
video	O
after	O
a	O
long	O
period	O
of	O
inactivity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Depending	O
on	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
screen	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
sometimes	O
possible	O
to	O
remedy	O
screen	B-General_Concept
burn-in	I-General_Concept
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
remedial	O
software	O
and	O
remedial	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
OLED	O
screens	O
on	O
Android	B-Application
phones	I-Application
,	O
burn-in	O
reduction	O
apps	O
can	O
display	O
an	O
inverted	O
image	O
of	O
the	O
navigation	O
and	O
status	O
bars	O
(	O
which	O
are	O
constantly	O
displayed	O
and	O
therefore	O
the	O
most	O
likely	O
elements	O
to	O
be	O
burned	O
in	O
)	O
to	O
burn	O
in	O
opposite	O
pattern	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
screen	O
whose	O
sub-pixels	O
have	O
more	O
even	O
luminosity	O
and	O
therefore	O
less	O
visible	O
burn-in	O
artifacts	O
.	O
</s>
