<s>
In	O
computer	B-General_Concept
programming	I-General_Concept
,	O
scope	B-Language
is	O
an	O
enclosing	O
context	O
where	O
values	O
and	O
expressions	O
are	O
associated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
scope	B-Language
resolution	I-Language
operator	I-Language
helps	O
to	O
identify	O
and	O
specify	O
the	O
context	O
to	O
which	O
an	O
identifier	O
refers	O
,	O
particularly	O
by	O
specifying	O
a	O
namespace	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
specific	O
uses	O
vary	O
across	O
different	O
programming	O
languages	O
with	O
the	O
notions	O
of	O
scoping	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
many	O
languages	O
,	O
the	O
scope	B-Language
resolution	I-Language
operator	I-Language
is	O
written	O
::	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
some	O
languages	O
,	O
notably	O
those	O
influenced	O
by	O
Modula-3	B-Language
(	O
including	O
Python	B-Language
and	O
Go	B-Application
)	O
,	O
modules	O
are	O
objects	O
,	O
and	O
scope	B-Language
resolution	I-Language
within	O
modules	O
is	O
a	O
special	O
case	O
of	O
usual	O
object	O
member	O
access	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
usual	O
method	O
operator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
is	O
used	O
for	O
scope	B-Language
resolution	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
languages	O
,	O
notably	O
C++	B-Language
and	O
Ruby	B-Language
,	O
feature	O
both	O
scope	B-Language
resolution	I-Language
and	O
method	O
access	O
,	O
which	O
interact	O
in	O
various	O
ways	O
;	O
see	O
examples	O
below	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
PHP	B-Application
,	O
the	O
scope	B-Language
resolution	I-Language
operator	I-Language
is	O
also	O
called	O
Paamayim	O
Nekudotayim	O
(	O
,	O
,	O
the	O
second	O
word	O
a	O
colloquial	O
corruption	O
of	O
נקודתיים	O
,	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
“	O
double	O
colon	O
”	O
in	O
Hebrew	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
"	O
Paamayim	O
Nekudotayim	O
"	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
the	O
Israeli-developed	O
Zend	B-Language
Engine	I-Language
0.5	O
used	O
in	O
PHP	B-Application
3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
similar	O
error	O
can	O
also	O
occur	O
where	O
no	O
scope	B-Language
resolution	I-Language
operator	I-Language
is	O
present	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
PHP	B-Application
5.4	O
,	O
error	O
messages	O
concerning	O
the	O
scope	B-Language
resolution	I-Language
operator	I-Language
still	O
include	O
this	O
name	O
,	O
but	O
have	O
clarified	O
its	O
meaning	O
somewhat	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
other	O
less	O
obvious	O
ways	O
to	O
trigger	O
the	O
error	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
by	O
attempting	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
following	O
invalid	O
PHP	B-Application
expression	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Ruby	B-Language
,	O
scope	B-Language
resolution	I-Language
can	O
be	O
specified	O
using	O
the	O
module	O
keyword	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scope	B-Language
is	O
also	O
affected	O
by	O
sigils	O
which	O
preface	O
variable	O
names	O
:	O
</s>
