<s>
Samba	B-Language
is	O
a	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
re-implementation	O
of	O
the	O
SMB	B-Operating_System
networking	B-Architecture
protocol	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
originally	O
developed	O
by	O
Andrew	O
Tridgell	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samba	B-Language
provides	O
file	B-Operating_System
and	O
print	B-General_Concept
services	O
for	O
various	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
clients	B-Protocol
and	O
can	O
integrate	O
with	O
a	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
Server	O
domain	O
,	O
either	O
as	O
a	O
Domain	B-Protocol
Controller	I-Protocol
(	O
DC	O
)	O
or	O
as	O
a	O
domain	O
member	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
version	O
4	O
,	O
it	O
supports	O
Active	B-Protocol
Directory	I-Protocol
and	O
Microsoft	B-Device
Windows	I-Device
NT	I-Device
domains	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samba	B-Language
runs	O
on	O
most	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
,	O
such	O
as	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
Solaris	B-Application
,	O
AIX	B-Application
and	O
the	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
variants	O
,	O
including	O
Apple	O
's	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
macOS	B-Application
client	O
(	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.2	I-Operating_System
and	O
greater	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samba	B-Language
also	O
runs	O
on	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
other	O
operating	O
systems	O
such	O
as	O
OpenVMS	B-Operating_System
and	O
IBM	B-Application
i	I-Application
.	O
Samba	B-Language
is	O
standard	O
on	O
nearly	O
all	O
distributions	O
of	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
is	O
commonly	O
included	O
as	O
a	O
basic	O
system	O
service	O
on	O
other	O
Unix-based	O
operating	O
systems	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samba	B-Language
is	O
released	O
under	O
the	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
Samba	B-Language
comes	O
from	O
SMB	B-Operating_System
(	O
Server	B-Operating_System
Message	I-Operating_System
Block	I-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
proprietary	O
protocol	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
Windows	I-Operating_System
network	I-Operating_System
file	B-Operating_System
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Andrew	O
Tridgell	O
developed	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
Samba	B-Language
Unix	O
in	O
December	O
1991	O
and	O
January	O
1992	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
PhD	O
student	O
at	O
the	O
Australian	O
National	O
University	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
packet	B-Protocol
sniffer	I-Protocol
to	O
do	O
network	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
protocol	O
used	O
by	O
DEC	O
Pathworks	B-Application
server	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
formal	O
name	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
releases	O
,	O
versions	O
0.1	O
,	O
0.5	O
,	O
and	O
1.0	O
,	O
all	O
from	O
the	O
first	O
half	O
of	O
January	O
1992	O
;	O
Tridgell	O
simply	O
referred	O
to	O
it	O
as	O
"	O
a	O
Unix	O
file	B-Operating_System
server	O
for	O
Dos	O
Pathworks.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
understood	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
"	O
in	O
fact	O
implemented	O
the	O
netbios	B-Protocol
protocol	O
"	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
version	O
1.0	O
and	O
that	O
"	O
this	O
software	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
other	O
PC	O
clients.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
a	O
focus	O
on	O
interoperability	O
with	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
LAN	B-Algorithm
Manager	I-Algorithm
,	O
Tridgell	O
released	O
"	O
netbios	B-Protocol
for	O
unix	O
"	O
,	O
observer	O
,	O
version	O
1.5	O
in	O
December	O
1993	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
"	O
Samba	B-Language
"	O
was	O
derived	O
by	O
running	O
the	O
Unix	O
command	O
grep	B-Application
through	O
the	O
system	B-Device
dictionary	I-Device
looking	O
for	O
words	O
that	O
contained	O
the	O
letters	O
S	O
,	O
M	O
,	O
and	O
B	O
,	O
in	O
that	O
order	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
Tridgell	O
considers	O
the	O
adoption	O
of	O
CVS	B-Application
in	O
May	O
1996	O
to	O
mark	O
the	O
birth	O
of	O
the	O
Samba	B-Language
Team	O
,	O
though	O
there	O
had	O
been	O
contributions	O
from	O
other	O
people	O
,	O
especially	O
Jeremy	O
Allison	O
,	O
previously	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samba	B-Language
gained	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
join	O
Active	B-Protocol
Directory	I-Protocol
as	O
a	O
member	O
,	O
though	O
not	O
as	O
a	O
domain	B-Protocol
controller	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
technical	O
change	O
in	O
version	O
3.2	O
was	O
to	O
autogenerate	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
DCE/RPC	B-General_Concept
-code	O
that	O
used	O
to	O
be	O
handcrafted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DateVersionDescriptionActive	O
Directory	B-Application
supportIt	O
will	O
be	O
updated	O
on	O
an	O
as-needed	O
basis	O
for	O
security	O
issues	O
onlyThis	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
release	O
to	O
include	O
both	O
Samba	B-Language
3	O
and	O
Samba	B-Language
4	I-Language
source	O
code.This	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
release	O
to	O
include	O
experimental	O
support	O
for	O
SMB2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
branch	O
which	O
includes	O
full	O
support	O
for	O
SMB2.It	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
rewrite	O
that	O
enables	O
Samba	B-Language
to	O
be	O
an	O
Active	B-Protocol
Directory	I-Protocol
domain	B-Protocol
controller	I-Protocol
,	O
participating	O
fully	O
in	O
a	O
Windows	O
Active	B-Protocol
Directory	I-Protocol
Domain	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
first	O
technical	O
preview	O
(	O
4.0.0TP1	O
)	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
January	O
2006	O
after	O
3	O
years	O
of	O
development.support	O
for	O
SMB3Btrfs	O
based	O
file	B-Operating_System
compression	O
,	O
snapshots	O
and	O
winbind	O
integrationNew	O
Logging	O
features	O
,	O
SMB	B-Operating_System
3.1.1	O
support	O
Asynchronous	O
flush	O
requestsNTLM	O
v1	O
disabled	O
by	O
default	O
,	O
Virtual	O
List	O
View	O
,	O
Various	O
performance	O
improvementsMulti-process	O
Netlogon	O
supportSamba	O
AD	O
with	O
MIT	O
KerberosApple	O
Time	B-Operating_System
Machine	I-Operating_System
Support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Setups	O
using	O
'	O
domain	O
 '	O
or	O
'	O
ads	O
 '	O
security	O
modes	O
now	O
require	O
'	O
winbindd	O
 '	O
to	O
be	O
running.Many	O
changesSMB1	O
is	O
disabled	O
by	O
default	O
as	O
a	O
mitigation	O
for	O
the	O
WannaCry	O
vulnerability.Samba	O
4.13	O
raises	O
the	O
minimum	O
version	O
of	O
Python	B-Language
to	O
3.6.Major	O
overhaul	O
of	O
VFS	O
subsystem	O
and	O
more.Many	O
changes.Many	O
changes.Many	O
changes.Many	O
changes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
versions	O
of	O
Samba	B-Language
3.6.3	O
and	O
lower	O
suffer	O
serious	O
security	O
issues	O
which	O
can	O
allow	O
anonymous	O
users	O
to	O
gain	O
root	B-Application
access	I-Application
to	O
a	O
system	O
from	O
an	O
anonymous	O
connection	O
,	O
through	O
the	O
exploitation	O
of	O
an	O
error	O
in	O
Samba	B-Language
's	O
remote	B-Operating_System
procedure	I-Operating_System
call	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
12	O
April	O
2016	O
,	O
Badlock	O
,	O
a	O
crucial	O
security	O
bug	O
in	O
Windows	O
and	O
Samba	B-Language
,	O
was	O
disclosed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Badlock	O
for	O
Samba	B-Language
is	O
referenced	O
by	O
CVE|	O
2016-2118	O
(	O
SAMR	O
and	O
LSA	O
man	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
attacks	O
possible	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
24	O
May	O
2017	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
a	O
remote	O
code	O
execution	O
vulnerability	O
had	O
been	O
found	O
in	O
Samba	B-Language
named	O
EternalRed	O
or	O
SambaCry	O
,	O
affecting	O
all	O
versions	O
since	O
3.5.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samba	B-Language
allows	O
file	B-Operating_System
and	O
print	B-General_Concept
sharing	O
between	O
computers	O
running	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
and	O
computers	O
running	O
Unix	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samba	B-Language
supports	O
POSIX	O
extensions	O
for	O
CIFS/SMB	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
initial	O
extension	O
was	O
CIFS	B-Operating_System
VFS	O
(	O
CAP_UNIX	O
)	O
from	O
2004	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
somewhat	O
superseded	O
by	O
SMB3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
these	O
services	O
and	O
protocols	O
are	O
frequently	O
incorrectly	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
just	O
NetBIOS	B-Protocol
or	O
SMB	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NBT	O
(	O
NetBIOS	B-Protocol
over	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
)	O
and	O
WINS	B-Device
protocols	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
underlying	O
SMB	B-Operating_System
version	O
1	O
protocol	O
,	O
are	O
deprecated	O
on	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
the	O
WS-Discovery	O
protocol	O
has	O
been	O
included	O
along	O
with	O
SMB2	O
and	O
its	O
successors	O
,	O
which	O
supersede	O
these	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
WS-Discovery	O
is	O
implemented	O
on	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
platforms	O
by	O
third	O
party	O
daemons	B-Operating_System
which	O
allow	O
Samba	B-Language
shares	O
to	O
be	O
discovered	O
when	O
the	O
deprecated	O
protocols	O
are	O
disabled	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samba	B-Language
sets	O
up	O
network	B-General_Concept
shares	I-General_Concept
for	O
chosen	O
Unix	O
directories	B-Application
(	O
including	O
all	O
contained	O
subdirectories	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
appear	O
to	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
users	O
as	O
normal	O
Windows	O
folders	O
accessible	O
via	O
the	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unix	O
users	O
can	O
either	O
mount	B-Application
the	O
shares	O
directly	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
their	O
file	B-Operating_System
structure	O
using	O
the	O
mount.cifs	O
command	O
or	O
,	O
alternatively	O
,	O
can	O
use	O
a	O
utility	O
,	O
smbclient	B-Language
(	O
libsmb	B-Language
)	O
installed	O
with	O
Samba	B-Language
to	O
read	O
the	O
shares	O
with	O
a	O
similar	O
interface	O
to	O
a	O
standard	O
command	O
line	O
FTP	B-Protocol
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
directory	B-Application
can	O
have	O
different	O
access	O
privileges	O
overlaid	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
normal	O
Unix	O
file	B-Operating_System
protections	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
:	O
home	O
directories	B-Application
would	O
have	O
read/write	O
access	O
for	O
all	O
known	O
users	O
,	O
allowing	O
each	O
to	O
access	O
their	O
own	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
that	O
the	O
netlogon	O
share	O
,	O
typically	O
distributed	O
as	O
a	O
read	O
only	O
share	O
from	O
/etc/samba/netlogon	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
logon	O
directory	B-Application
for	O
user	B-Language
logon	I-Language
scripts	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samba	B-Language
services	O
are	O
implemented	O
as	O
two	O
daemons	B-Operating_System
:	O
</s>
<s>
nmbd	B-Language
,	O
which	O
provides	O
the	O
NetBIOS-to-IP-address	O
name	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NetBIOS	B-Protocol
over	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
requires	O
some	O
method	O
for	O
mapping	O
NetBIOS	B-Protocol
computer	O
names	O
to	O
the	O
IP	O
addresses	O
of	O
a	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
network	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samba	B-Language
configuration	I-Language
is	O
achieved	O
by	O
editing	O
a	O
single	O
file	B-Operating_System
(	O
typically	O
installed	O
as	O
/etc/smb.conf	O
or	O
/etc/samba/smb.conf	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samba	B-Language
can	O
also	O
provide	O
user	B-Language
logon	I-Language
scripts	I-Language
and	O
group	O
policy	O
implementation	O
through	O
poledit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samba	B-Language
is	O
included	O
in	O
most	O
Linux	B-Application
distributions	O
and	O
is	O
started	O
during	O
the	O
boot	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Red	O
Hat	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
the	O
/etc/rc.d/init.d/smb	O
script	O
runs	O
at	O
boot	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
starts	O
both	O
daemons	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samba	B-Language
is	O
not	O
included	O
in	O
Solaris	B-Application
8	I-Application
,	O
but	O
a	O
Solaris	O
8-compatible	O
version	O
is	O
available	O
from	O
the	O
Samba	B-Language
website	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OS/2	B-Application
-based	O
ArcaOS	B-Device
includes	O
Samba	B-Language
to	O
replace	O
the	O
old	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
LAN	I-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samba	B-Language
includes	O
a	O
web	O
administration	O
tool	O
called	O
Samba	B-Language
Web	I-Language
Administration	I-Language
Tool	I-Language
(	O
SWAT	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samba	B-Language
TNG	O
(	O
The	O
Next	O
Generation	O
)	O
was	O
forked	B-Application
in	O
late	O
1999	O
,	O
after	O
disagreements	O
between	O
the	O
Samba	B-Language
Team	O
leaders	O
and	O
Luke	O
Leighton	O
about	O
the	O
directions	O
of	O
the	O
Samba	B-Language
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
failed	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
an	O
agreement	O
on	O
a	O
development	O
transition	O
path	O
which	O
allowed	O
the	O
research	O
version	O
of	O
Samba	B-Language
he	O
was	O
developing	O
(	O
known	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
as	O
Samba-NTDOM	O
)	O
to	O
slowly	O
be	O
integrated	O
into	O
Samba	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Samba	B-Language
TNG	O
team	O
frequently	O
directed	O
potential	O
users	O
towards	O
Samba	B-Language
because	O
of	O
its	O
better	O
support	O
and	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
key	O
goal	O
of	O
the	O
Samba	B-Language
TNG	O
project	O
was	O
to	O
rewrite	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
NT	B-General_Concept
Domains	I-General_Concept
services	O
as	O
FreeDCE	B-Operating_System
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
made	O
difficult	O
as	O
the	O
services	O
were	O
developed	O
manually	O
through	O
network	O
reverse-engineering	O
,	O
with	O
limited	O
or	O
no	O
reference	O
to	O
DCE/RPC	B-General_Concept
documentation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
key	O
difference	O
from	O
Samba	B-Language
was	O
in	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
NT	B-General_Concept
Domains	I-General_Concept
suite	O
of	O
protocols	O
and	O
MSRPC	B-General_Concept
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samba	B-Language
makes	O
all	O
the	O
NT	B-General_Concept
Domains	I-General_Concept
services	O
available	O
from	O
a	O
single	O
place	O
,	O
whereas	O
Samba	B-Language
TNG	O
separated	O
each	O
service	O
into	O
its	O
own	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ReactOS	B-Application
started	O
using	O
Samba	B-Language
TNG	O
services	O
for	O
its	O
SMB	B-Operating_System
implementation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
developers	O
of	O
both	O
projects	O
were	O
interested	O
in	O
seeing	O
the	O
Samba	B-Language
TNG	O
design	O
used	O
to	O
help	O
get	O
ReactOS	B-Application
talking	O
to	O
Windows	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
multi-layered	O
and	O
modular	O
approach	O
made	O
it	O
easy	O
to	O
port	O
each	O
service	O
to	O
ReactOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
