<s>
SafeTSA	B-Language
(	O
Safe	O
Typed	O
Single	O
Assignment	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
static	O
single	O
assignment	O
form	O
(	O
SSA	O
)	O
intermediate	O
representation	O
capable	O
of	O
representing	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
type	O
safety	O
of	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
and	O
the	O
standard	O
Java	B-Language
Virtual	O
Machine	O
(	O
JVM	O
)	O
byte-code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SafeTSA	B-Language
is	O
an	O
external	O
representation	O
similar	O
to	O
these	O
SSA	O
internal	O
representations	O
,	O
yet	O
SafeTSA	B-Language
still	O
provides	O
the	O
full	O
type	O
safety	O
(	O
including	O
security	O
verifiability	O
at	O
class	O
load	O
time	O
)	O
of	O
standard	O
JVM	O
byte-code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
creators	O
of	O
SafeTSA	B-Language
modified	O
the	O
IBM	O
JikesRVM	O
(	O
called	O
the	O
Jalapeño	O
JVM	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
)	O
so	O
that	O
it	O
could	O
use	O
standard	O
JVM	O
byte-code	O
and	O
also	O
a	O
SafeTSA	B-Language
bytecode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
then	O
ran	O
a	O
standard	O
suite	O
of	O
Java	B-Language
benchmarks	O
and	O
published	O
a	O
paper	O
showing	O
that	O
SafeTSA	B-Language
input	O
produced	O
faster	O
running	O
native	O
code	O
output	O
from	O
the	O
just-in-time	O
compiler	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
researchers	O
also	O
showed	O
that	O
SafeTSA	B-Language
required	O
less	O
time	O
to	O
compile	O
to	O
native	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
commercial	O
JVMs	O
in	O
late	O
2005	O
use	O
a	O
mixture	O
of	O
byte-code	O
interpretation	O
and	O
byte-code	O
just-in-time	O
optimized	O
compilation	O
whereas	O
the	O
JikesRVM	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
SafeTSA	B-Language
research	O
uses	O
only	O
a	O
mixture	O
of	O
two	O
different	O
optimization	O
levels	O
for	O
just-in-time	O
compilation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
research	O
platform	O
never	O
used	O
interpretation	O
to	O
run	O
SafeTSA	B-Language
byte-code	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
's	O
less	O
clear	O
how	O
SafeTSA	B-Language
byte-code	O
would	O
perform	O
in	O
a	O
modified	O
version	O
of	O
a	O
commercial	O
JVM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
it	O
seems	O
that	O
SafeTSA	B-Language
has	O
only	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
academia	O
.	O
</s>
