<s>
Originally	O
developed	O
by	O
American	O
Airlines	O
under	O
CEO	O
C.R.	O
</s>
<s>
Sabre	B-Application
is	O
headquartered	O
in	O
Southlake	O
,	O
Texas	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
employees	O
in	O
various	O
locations	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
travel	B-Application
reservation	I-Application
system	I-Application
is	O
an	O
abbreviation	O
for	O
"	O
Semi-automated	B-Application
Business	I-Application
Research	I-Application
Environment	I-Application
"	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
originally	O
styled	O
in	O
all-capital	O
letters	O
as	O
SABRE	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
SABRE	B-Application
,	O
the	O
airline	O
's	O
system	O
for	O
booking	O
flights	O
was	O
entirely	O
manual	O
,	O
having	O
developed	O
from	O
the	O
techniques	O
originally	O
developed	O
at	O
its	O
Little	O
Rock	O
,	O
Arkansas	O
,	O
reservations	O
center	O
in	O
the	O
1920s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
computer	O
consisted	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
magnetic	B-General_Concept
drum	I-General_Concept
,	O
each	O
memory	O
location	O
holding	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
seats	O
left	O
on	O
a	O
particular	O
flight	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
found	O
himself	O
sitting	O
next	O
to	O
American	O
Airlines	O
president	O
C	B-Language
.	O
R	O
.	O
Smith	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Just	O
prior	O
to	O
this	O
chance	O
meeting	O
,	O
IBM	O
had	O
been	O
working	O
with	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
Air	O
Force	O
on	O
their	O
Semi	B-Device
Automatic	I-Device
Ground	I-Device
Environment	I-Device
(	O
SAGE	B-Device
)	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SAGE	B-Device
used	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
large	O
computers	O
to	O
coordinate	O
the	O
message	O
flow	O
from	O
radar	B-Application
sites	O
to	O
interceptors	O
,	O
dramatically	O
reducing	O
the	O
time	O
needed	O
to	O
direct	O
an	O
attack	O
on	O
an	O
incoming	O
bomber	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Smith	O
and	O
Watson	O
observed	O
that	O
the	O
SAGE	B-Device
system	I-Device
's	O
basic	O
architecture	O
was	O
suitable	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
American	O
Airlines	O
 '	O
booking	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
team	O
was	O
set	O
up	O
consisting	O
of	O
IBM	O
engineers	O
led	O
by	O
John	O
Siegfried	O
and	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
American	O
Airlines	O
 '	O
staff	O
led	O
by	O
Malcolm	O
Perry	O
,	O
taken	O
from	O
booking	O
,	O
reservations	O
,	O
and	O
ticket	O
sales	O
,	O
calling	O
the	O
effort	O
the	O
Semi-Automated	B-Application
Business	I-Application
Research	I-Application
Environment	I-Application
,	O
or	O
SABRE	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
experimental	O
system	O
went	O
online	O
in	O
1960	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
two	O
IBM	B-Device
7090	I-Device
mainframes	O
in	O
a	O
new	O
data	O
center	O
located	O
in	O
Briarcliff	O
Manor	O
,	O
New	O
York	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SABRE	B-Application
system	O
by	O
IBM	O
in	O
the	O
1960s	O
was	O
specified	O
to	O
process	O
a	O
very	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
transactions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
handling	O
83,000	O
daily	O
phone	O
calls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
took	O
over	O
all	O
booking	O
functions	O
in	O
1964	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
name	O
had	O
changed	O
to	O
SABRE	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1972	O
,	O
SABRE	B-Application
was	O
migrated	O
to	O
IBM	B-Application
System/360	I-Application
systems	O
in	O
a	O
new	O
underground	O
location	O
in	O
Tulsa	O
,	O
Oklahoma	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Max	O
Hopper	O
joined	O
American	O
Airlines	O
in	O
1972	O
as	O
director	O
of	O
SABRE	B-Application
,	O
and	O
pioneered	O
its	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
SABRE	B-Application
up	O
and	O
running	O
,	O
IBM	O
offered	O
its	O
expertise	O
to	O
other	O
airlines	O
,	O
and	O
soon	O
developed	O
Deltamatic	O
for	O
Delta	O
Air	O
Lines	O
on	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
7074	I-Device
,	O
and	O
PANAMAC	O
for	O
Pan	O
American	O
World	O
Airways	O
using	O
an	O
IBM	B-Device
7080	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1968	O
,	O
they	O
generalized	O
their	O
work	O
into	O
the	O
PARS	B-Application
(	O
Programmed	B-Application
Airline	I-Application
Reservation	I-Application
System	I-Application
)	O
,	O
which	O
ran	O
on	O
any	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
IBM	B-Application
System/360	I-Application
family	O
and	O
thus	O
could	O
support	O
any	O
sized	O
airline	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
operating	O
system	O
component	O
of	O
PARS	B-Application
evolved	O
into	O
ACP	B-Application
(	O
Airlines	B-Application
Control	I-Application
Program	I-Application
)	O
,	O
and	O
later	O
to	O
TPF	B-Operating_System
(	O
Transaction	B-Operating_System
Processing	I-Operating_System
Facility	I-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Application	O
programs	O
were	O
originally	O
written	O
in	O
assembly	B-Language
language	I-Language
,	O
later	O
in	O
SabreTalk	B-Language
,	O
a	O
proprietary	O
dialect	O
of	O
PL/I	B-Language
,	O
and	O
now	O
in	O
C	B-Language
and	O
C++	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
1980s	O
,	O
SABRE	B-Application
offered	O
airline	O
reservations	O
through	O
the	O
CompuServe	O
Information	O
Service	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Prodigy	O
Internet	O
Service	O
GEnie	B-Language
under	O
the	O
Eaasy	O
SABRE	B-Application
brand	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
American	O
and	O
Sabre	B-Application
separated	O
on	O
March	O
15	O
,	O
2000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sabre	B-Application
had	O
been	O
a	O
publicly	O
traded	O
corporation	O
,	O
Sabre	B-Application
Holdings	O
,	O
stock	O
symbol	O
TSG	O
on	O
the	O
New	O
York	O
Stock	O
Exchange	O
until	O
taken	O
private	O
in	O
March	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
corporation	O
introduced	O
the	O
new	O
logo	O
and	O
changed	O
from	O
the	O
all-caps	O
acronym	O
"	O
SABRE	B-Application
"	O
to	O
the	O
mixed-case	O
"	O
Sabre	B-Application
Holdings	O
"	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
new	O
corporation	O
was	O
formed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Travelocity	O
website	O
,	O
introduced	O
in	O
1996	O
,	O
was	O
owned	O
by	O
Sabre	B-Application
Holdings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sabre	B-Application
Holdings	O
 '	O
three	O
remaining	O
business	O
units	O
,	O
Sabre	B-Application
Travel	O
Network	O
,	O
Sabre	B-Application
Airline	O
Solutions	O
and	O
Sabre	B-Application
Hospitality	O
,	O
today	O
serves	O
as	O
a	O
global	O
travel	O
technology	O
company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
1981	O
,	O
New	O
York	O
Air	O
added	O
a	O
flight	O
from	O
La	O
Guardia	O
to	O
Detroit	B-Application
,	O
challenging	O
American	O
in	O
an	O
important	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
reservations	O
dried	O
up	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
forced	O
to	O
cut	O
back	O
from	O
eight	O
Detroit	B-Application
flights	O
a	O
day	O
to	O
none	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
one	O
occasion	O
,	O
Sabre	B-Application
deliberately	O
withheld	O
Continental	O
's	O
discount	O
fares	O
on	O
49	O
routes	O
where	O
American	O
competed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Sabre	B-Application
staffer	O
had	O
been	O
directed	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
a	O
program	O
that	O
would	O
automatically	O
suppress	O
any	O
discount	O
fares	O
loaded	O
into	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1987	O
Sabre	B-Application
's	O
success	O
of	O
selling	O
to	O
European	O
travel	O
agents	O
was	O
inhibited	O
by	O
the	O
refusal	O
of	O
big	O
European	O
carriers	O
led	O
by	O
British	O
Airways	O
to	O
grant	O
the	O
system	O
ticketing	O
authority	O
for	O
their	O
flights	O
even	O
though	O
Sabre	B-Application
had	O
obtained	O
IATA	O
Billing	O
and	O
Settlement	O
Plan	O
(	O
BSP	O
)	O
clearance	O
for	O
the	O
UK	O
in	O
1986	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
American	O
brought	O
High	O
Court	O
action	O
which	O
alleged	O
that	O
after	O
the	O
arrival	O
of	O
Sabre	B-Application
on	O
its	O
doorstep	O
British	O
Airways	O
immediately	O
offered	O
financial	O
incentives	O
to	O
travel	O
agents	O
who	O
continued	O
to	O
use	O
Travicom	O
and	O
would	O
tie	O
any	O
override	O
commissions	O
to	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Travicom	O
was	O
created	O
by	O
Videcom	O
,	O
British	O
Airways	O
and	O
British	O
Caledonian	O
and	O
launched	O
in	O
1976	O
as	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
first	O
multi-access	O
reservations	O
system	O
based	O
on	O
Videcom	O
technology	O
which	O
eventually	O
became	O
part	O
of	O
Galileo	B-Application
UK	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
connected	O
49	O
subscribing	O
international	O
airlines	O
(	O
including	O
British	O
Airways	O
,	O
British	O
Caledonian	O
,	O
TWA	O
,	O
Pan	O
American	O
World	O
Airways	O
,	O
Qantas	O
,	O
Singapore	O
Airlines	O
,	O
Air	O
France	O
,	O
Lufthansa	O
,	O
SAS	O
,	O
Air	O
Canada	O
,	O
KLM	B-General_Concept
,	O
Alitalia	O
,	O
Cathay	O
Pacific	O
and	O
JAL	O
)	O
to	O
thousands	O
of	O
travel	O
agents	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
Sabre	B-Application
's	O
vice-president	O
in	O
London	O
,	O
David	O
Schwarte	O
,	O
made	O
representations	O
to	O
the	O
U.S.	O
Department	O
of	O
Transportation	O
and	O
the	O
British	O
Monopolies	O
Commission	O
,	O
British	O
Airways	O
defended	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Travicom	O
as	O
a	O
truly	O
non-discriminatory	O
system	O
in	O
flight	O
selection	O
because	O
an	O
agent	O
had	O
access	O
to	O
some	O
50	O
carriers	O
worldwide	O
,	O
including	O
Sabre	B-Application
,	O
for	O
flight	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
