<s>
The	B-Algorithm
S	I-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
designation	O
by	O
the	O
Institute	O
of	O
Electrical	O
and	O
Electronics	O
Engineers	O
(	O
IEEE	O
)	O
for	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
microwave	O
band	B-Algorithm
of	O
the	O
electromagnetic	O
spectrum	O
covering	O
frequencies	O
from	O
2	O
to	O
4gigahertz	O
(	O
GHz	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
it	O
crosses	O
the	O
conventional	O
boundary	O
between	O
the	O
UHF	O
and	O
SHF	B-Algorithm
bands	O
at	O
3.0GHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Algorithm
S	I-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
is	O
used	O
by	O
airport	O
surveillance	O
radar	B-Application
for	O
air	B-Application
traffic	I-Application
control	I-Application
,	O
weather	B-Application
radar	I-Application
,	O
surface	O
ship	O
radar	B-Application
,	O
and	O
some	O
communications	O
satellites	O
,	O
especially	O
those	O
satellites	O
used	O
by	O
NASA	O
to	O
communicate	O
with	O
the	O
Space	O
Shuttle	O
and	O
the	O
International	O
Space	O
Station	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
10cm	O
radar	B-Application
short-band	O
ranges	O
roughly	O
from	O
1.55	O
to	O
5.2GHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Algorithm
S	I-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
also	O
contains	O
the	O
2.4	O
–	O
2.483GHz	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
,	O
widely	O
used	O
for	O
low	O
power	O
unlicensed	O
microwave	O
devices	O
such	O
as	O
cordless	O
phones	O
,	O
wireless	B-Device
headphones	I-Device
(	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
networking	I-General_Concept
(	O
WiFi	O
)	O
,	O
garage	O
door	O
openers	O
,	O
keyless	O
vehicle	O
locks	O
,	O
baby	O
monitors	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
for	O
medical	O
diathermy	O
machines	O
and	O
microwave	O
ovens	O
(	O
typically	O
at	O
2.495GHz	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
largest	O
use	O
of	O
this	O
band	B-Algorithm
is	O
by	O
WiFi	O
networks	O
;	O
the	O
IEEE	O
802.11b	O
and	O
802.11g	O
standards	O
use	O
the	O
2.4	B-Algorithm
GHz	I-Algorithm
section	O
of	O
the	B-Algorithm
S	I-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
are	O
the	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
computer	O
networks	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
used	O
globally	O
in	O
home	O
and	O
small	O
office	O
networks	O
to	O
link	O
desktop	B-Device
and	O
laptop	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
tablet	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
smartphones	B-Application
,	O
smart	B-Device
TVs	I-Device
,	O
printers	O
,	O
and	O
smart	B-Device
speakers	I-Device
together	O
and	O
to	O
a	O
wireless	B-Device
router	I-Device
to	O
connect	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
wireless	B-Device
access	I-Device
points	I-Device
in	O
public	O
places	O
like	O
coffee	O
shops	O
,	O
hotels	O
,	O
libraries	O
and	O
airports	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
public	O
Internet	O
access	O
for	O
mobile	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mobile	O
Services	O
are	O
operated	O
in	O
the	O
2.3GHz	O
to	O
2.6GHz	O
range	O
,	O
specifically	O
between	O
the	O
2300	O
-	O
2400MHz	O
band	B-Algorithm
and	O
the	O
2500	O
-	O
2690MHz	O
band	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spectrum	O
in	O
the	O
3.55	O
-	O
3.7	O
GHz	O
band	B-Algorithm
has	O
been	O
auctioned	O
off	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
CBRS	O
services	O
and	O
spectrum	O
between	O
3.45	O
-	O
3.55GHz	O
and	O
3.7	O
-	O
3.98GHz	O
has	O
been	O
auctioned	O
off	O
by	O
the	O
FCC	O
for	O
5G	O
although	O
this	O
spectrum	O
is	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
C	B-Algorithm
Band	I-Algorithm
by	O
the	O
agency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
the	O
FCC	O
approved	O
satellite-based	O
Digital	O
Audio	O
Radio	O
Service	O
(	O
DARS	O
)	O
broadcasting	O
in	O
the	B-Algorithm
S	I-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
from	O
2.31	O
to	O
2.36GHz	O
in	O
1995	O
,	O
used	O
by	O
Sirius	O
XM	O
Radio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
recently	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
approved	O
portions	O
of	O
the	B-Algorithm
S	I-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
between	O
2.0	O
and	O
2.2GHz	O
for	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
Mobile	O
Satellite	O
Service	O
(	O
MSS	O
)	O
networks	O
in	O
connection	O
with	O
Ancillary	O
Terrestrial	O
Components	O
(	O
ATC	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
2.6GHz	O
range	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
China	O
Multimedia	O
Mobile	O
Broadcasting	O
,	O
a	O
satellite	O
radio	O
and	O
mobile	B-Application
TV	I-Application
standard	O
which	O
,	O
as	O
with	O
proprietary	O
systems	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
is	O
incompatible	O
with	O
the	O
open	O
standards	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2009	O
,	O
Inmarsat	O
and	O
Solaris	B-Device
Mobile	I-Device
(	O
a	O
joint	O
venture	O
between	O
Eutelsat	O
and	O
SES	O
(	O
EchoStar	B-Device
Mobile	I-Device
)	O
)	O
were	O
each	O
awarded	O
a	O
2×15MHz	O
portion	O
of	O
the	B-Algorithm
S	I-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
by	O
the	O
European	O
Commission	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
some	O
countries	O
,	O
S	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
is	O
used	O
for	O
Direct-to-Home	O
satellite	O
television	O
(	O
unlike	O
similar	O
services	O
in	O
most	O
countries	O
,	O
which	O
use	O
Ku	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IndoStar-1	O
was	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
first	O
commercial	O
communications	O
satellite	O
to	O
use	O
S-band	B-Algorithm
frequencies	O
for	O
broadcast	O
,	O
which	O
efficiently	O
penetrate	O
the	O
atmosphere	O
and	O
provide	O
high-quality	O
transmissions	O
to	O
small-diameter	O
80cm	O
antennas	O
in	O
regions	O
that	O
experience	O
heavy	O
rainfall	O
such	O
as	O
Indonesia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similar	O
performance	O
is	O
not	O
economically	O
feasible	O
with	O
comparable	O
Ku	O
-	O
or	O
C-band	B-Algorithm
DTH	O
satellite	O
systems	O
since	O
more	O
power	O
is	O
required	O
in	O
these	O
bands	O
to	O
penetrate	O
the	O
moist	O
atmosphere	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
James	O
Webb	O
Space	O
Telescope	O
,	O
launched	O
in	O
2021	O
,	O
utilizes	O
2	O
GHz	O
S-band	B-Algorithm
to	O
enable	O
40	O
kbps	O
real	O
time	O
telemetry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microwave	O
ovens	O
operate	O
at	O
2495	O
or	O
2450MHz	O
in	O
the	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
IEEE	O
802.16a	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
digital	O
cordless	O
telephones	O
operate	O
in	O
this	O
band	B-Algorithm
too	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
802.16e	O
standards	O
use	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
frequency	O
range	O
of	O
S	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
;	O
under	O
WiMAX	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
North	O
America	O
,	O
is	O
an	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
used	O
for	O
unlicensed	B-Algorithm
spectrum	I-Algorithm
devices	O
such	O
as	O
cordless	O
phones	O
,	O
wireless	B-Device
headphones	I-Device
,	O
and	O
video	O
senders	O
,	O
among	O
other	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
uses	O
,	O
including	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
which	O
operates	O
between	O
2.402GHz	O
and	O
2.480GHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amateur	O
radio	O
and	O
amateur	O
satellite	O
operators	O
have	O
two	O
S-band	B-Algorithm
allocations	O
,	O
13	B-Algorithm
cm	I-Algorithm
(	O
2.4GHz	B-Algorithm
)	O
and	O
9	B-Algorithm
cm	I-Algorithm
(	O
3.4GHz	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Airport	O
surveillance	O
radars	B-Application
typically	O
operate	O
in	O
the	O
27002900MHz	O
range	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Particle	O
accelerators	O
may	O
be	O
powered	O
by	O
S-band	B-Algorithm
RF	O
sources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
National	O
NEXRAD	B-Algorithm
Radar	B-Application
network	O
operates	O
with	O
S-band	B-Algorithm
frequencies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
implementation	O
of	O
this	O
system	O
,	O
C-band	B-Algorithm
frequencies	O
were	O
commonly	O
used	O
for	O
weather	O
surveillance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
the	O
3.55	O
to	O
3.7GHz	O
band	B-Algorithm
is	O
becoming	O
shared	O
spectrum	O
under	O
rules	O
adopted	O
by	O
the	O
Federal	O
Communications	O
Commission	O
in	O
April	O
2015	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
National	O
Broadband	O
Plan	O
(	O
United	O
States	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cable	O
companies	O
are	O
planning	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
band	B-Algorithm
for	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
broadband	I-General_Concept
in	O
rural	O
areas	O
,	O
with	O
Charter	O
Communications	O
beginning	O
tests	O
of	O
the	O
service	O
in	O
January	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
band	B-Algorithm
is	O
also	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
transmit	O
intermediate	O
frequency	O
in	O
satellite	O
communications	O
as	O
a	O
replacement	O
for	O
L	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
where	O
a	O
single/shared	O
coaxial	O
connection	O
is	O
used	O
between	O
the	O
modem/IDU	O
and	O
antenna/ODU	O
for	O
both	O
the	O
transmit	O
and	O
receive	O
signals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
single	O
coaxial	O
connection	O
using	O
S-Band	B-Algorithm
to	O
"	O
frequency	O
shift	O
"	O
the	O
transmit	O
signal	O
away	O
from	O
L	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
,	O
a	O
multiplier	O
such	O
as	O
10	O
,	O
is	O
usually	O
applied	O
to	O
form	O
the	O
SHF	B-Algorithm
frequency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
modem	O
would	O
transmit	O
at	O
2.815GHz	O
IF	O
(	O
S	B-Algorithm
Band	I-Algorithm
)	O
to	O
the	O
ODU	O
and	O
then	O
the	O
ODU	O
up-converts	O
this	O
signal	O
to	O
28.15GHz	O
SHF	B-Algorithm
(	O
Ka	O
Band	B-Algorithm
)	O
towards	O
the	O
satellite	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
S	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
is	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
optical	O
communications	O
to	O
refer	O
to	O
the	O
wavelength	O
range	O
1460	O
nm	O
to	O
1530	O
nm	O
.	O
</s>
