<s>
The	O
service-oriented	O
computing	O
environment	O
(	O
SORCER	B-Architecture
)	O
is	O
a	O
distributed	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
platform	O
implemented	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
allows	O
writing	O
network-programs	O
(	O
called	O
"	O
exertions	O
"	O
)	O
that	O
operate	O
on	O
wrapped	O
applications	O
(	O
services	O
)	O
to	O
spread	O
across	O
the	O
network	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
SORCER	B-Architecture
is	O
often	O
utilized	O
in	O
scenarios	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
where	O
grids	O
are	O
used	O
(	O
grid	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
)	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
run	O
parallel	O
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SORCER	B-Architecture
's	O
predecessor	O
was	O
the	O
federated	O
intelligent	O
product	O
environment	O
(	O
FIPER	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
software	O
for	O
a	O
GE	O
aircraft-engine-design	O
project	O
funded	O
from	O
1999	O
to	O
2003	O
by	O
the	O
National	O
Institute	O
of	O
Standards	O
and	O
Technology	O
's	O
Advanced	O
Technology	O
Program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
followed	O
the	O
principal	O
investigator	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
SORCER	B-Architecture
Labs	O
was	O
founded	O
in	O
November	O
2002	O
at	O
Texas	O
Tech	O
University	O
(	O
TTU	O
)	O
;	O
SORCER	B-Architecture
core	O
's	O
source	O
code	O
was	O
made	O
public	O
in	O
2013	O
under	O
the	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
Apache	B-Application
license	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
SORCER	B-Architecture
(	O
and	O
FIPER	O
)	O
were	O
developed	O
at	O
GE	O
from	O
1994	O
to	O
2002	O
,	O
at	O
TTU	O
through	O
2009	O
,	O
and	O
since	O
then	O
at	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
Air	O
Force	O
Research	O
Laboratory	O
(	O
AFRL	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
groups	O
which	O
have	O
made	O
use	O
of	O
SORCER	B-Architecture
include	O
Beijing	O
Jiaotong	O
University	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
Cranfield	O
University	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
,	O
and	O
Ulyanovsk	O
State	O
University	O
in	O
Russia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SORCER	B-Architecture
is	O
a	O
computing	B-Device
platform	I-Device
that	O
allows	O
the	O
end	O
user	O
to	O
program	O
dynamic	O
front-end	O
compound	O
services	O
,	O
called	O
exertions	O
,	O
bound	O
at	O
runtime	O
by	O
the	O
SORCER	B-Architecture
OS	O
(	O
SOS	O
)	O
to	O
federations	O
of	O
service	O
providers	O
as	O
new	O
back-end	O
dynamic	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
end	O
users	O
in	O
understandable	O
domain	O
specific	O
languages	O
(	O
DSL	O
)	O
define	O
only	O
their	O
service-oriented	O
process	O
expressions	O
and	O
the	O
SOS	O
makes	O
that	O
process	O
expressions	O
actualized	O
by	O
the	O
corresponding	O
dynamic	O
service	O
federations	O
in	O
the	O
network	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
SORCER	B-Architecture
is	O
a	O
federated	O
service-oriented	O
platform	O
with	O
a	O
front-end	O
federated	O
service-oriented	B-Application
programming	I-Application
environment	O
,	O
a	O
matching	O
operating	O
system	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
federated	O
virtual	O
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
architecture	O
of	O
SORCER	B-Architecture
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
concept	O
:	O
Everything	O
Anywhere	O
Anytime	O
As	O
a	O
Service	O
(	O
EaaaS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SORCER	B-Architecture
is	O
the	O
first	O
platform	O
that	O
created	O
front-end	O
service-oriented	O
mogramming	O
(	O
programming	O
or	O
modeling	O
or	O
both	O
)	O
as	O
the	O
key	O
element	O
of	O
its	O
federated	O
service	O
orientation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SORCER	B-Architecture
mograms	O
are	O
called	O
exertions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
exertion	O
as	O
the	O
front-end	O
service	O
composition	O
defined	O
by	O
the	O
user	O
is	O
bound	O
by	O
the	O
SORCER	B-Architecture
OS	O
(	O
SOS	O
)	O
to	O
service	O
providers	O
(	O
local	O
and/or	O
remote	O
)	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
matching	O
collaborative	O
service	O
federation	O
at	O
runtime	O
-	O
a	O
virtual	O
service	O
processor	O
of	O
the	O
SORCER	B-Architecture
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SORCER	B-Architecture
Operating	O
System	O
(	O
SOS	O
)	O
manages	O
execution	O
of	O
front-end	O
service-oriented	O
mograms	O
and	O
related	O
resources	O
including	O
required	O
service	O
providers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
service	O
provider	O
is	O
a	O
container	O
for	O
service	O
beans	O
that	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
deploying	O
services	O
in	O
the	O
network	B-General_Concept
,	O
publishing	O
their	O
proxies	O
to	O
registries	O
,	O
and	O
allowing	O
the	O
SOS	O
to	O
access	O
proxies	O
of	O
deployed	O
providers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Providers	O
maintain	O
their	O
availability	O
in	O
the	O
network	B-General_Concept
continuously	O
by	O
renewing	O
leases	O
for	O
their	O
registered	O
object	O
proxies	O
;	O
registries	O
intercept	O
these	O
announcements	O
and	O
cache/remove	O
proxy	O
objects	O
per	O
providers’	O
requests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Providers	O
use	O
discovery/join	O
protocols	O
to	O
publish	O
services	O
in	O
the	O
network	B-General_Concept
and	O
the	O
SOS	O
uses	O
discovery/join	O
protocols	O
to	O
discover	O
registries	O
and	O
lookup	O
proxies	O
in	O
those	O
registries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Multidisciplinary	O
Science	O
and	O
Technology	O
Center	O
,	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
Air	O
Force	O
Research	O
Laboratory/WPAFB	O
is	O
using	O
SORCER	B-Architecture
to	O
address	O
the	O
physics-based	O
distributed	O
collaborative	O
design	O
for	O
aerospace	O
vehicle	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SORCER	B-Architecture
was	O
selected	O
for	O
comparative	O
study	O
of	O
evolutionary	O
computing	O
of	O
optimization	O
techniques	O
at	O
the	O
Cranfield	O
University	O
,	O
UK	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
China	O
,	O
SORCER	B-Architecture
is	O
used	O
as	O
noise	O
mapping	O
platform	O
for	O
urban	O
traffic	O
,	O
a	O
resource	O
integration	O
platform	O
,	O
engineering	O
collaborative	O
design	O
and	O
manufacturing	O
environment	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
Wright	O
State	O
University	O
as	O
a	O
collaborative	O
computational	O
framework	O
for	O
multidisciplinary	O
and	O
reliability-based	O
analysis	O
and	O
optimization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SORCER	B-Architecture
follows	O
up	O
on	O
the	O
FIPER	O
project	O
(	O
1999-2003	O
)	O
-	O
funded	O
by	O
National	O
Institute	O
of	O
Standards	O
and	O
Technology	O
Advanced	O
Technology	O
Program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
project	O
was	O
finished	O
M	O
.	O
Sobolewski	O
established	O
the	O
SORCER	B-Architecture
Laboratory	O
at	O
Texas	O
Tech	O
University	O
(	O
2002-2009	O
)	O
where	O
he	O
continued	O
his	O
FIPER-based	O
research	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SORCER	B-Architecture
Laboratory	O
was	O
partially	O
funded	O
by	O
General	O
Electric	O
,	O
Texas	O
Tech	O
University	O
,	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
,	O
Air	O
Force	O
Research	O
Laboratory	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
and	O
Ph.D.	O
)	O
were	O
completed	O
all	O
of	O
which	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
SORCER	B-Architecture
platform	O
and	O
the	O
foundations	O
of	O
federated	O
service-oriented	O
computing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
meantime	O
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
collaborative	O
SORCER-based	O
projects	O
(	O
2007-2010	O
)	O
were	O
realized	O
together	O
with	O
universities	O
from	O
other	O
countries	O
(	O
Beijing	O
Jiaotong	O
University	O
,	O
China	O
;	O
Beihang	O
University	O
,	O
China	O
;	O
Ulyanovsk	O
State	O
University	O
and	O
Samara	O
State	O
Aerospace	O
University	O
,	O
Russia	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2008	O
M	O
.	O
Sobolewski	O
continues	O
his	O
SORCER	B-Architecture
applied	O
research	O
at	O
the	O
Multidisciplinary	O
Science	O
and	O
Technology	O
Center	O
,	O
Air	O
Force	O
Research	O
Laboratory/WPAFB	O
and	O
starting	O
in	O
2010	O
simultaneously	O
at	O
the	O
Polish	O
Japanese	O
Institute	O
of	O
Information	O
Technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
the	O
SORCER	B-Architecture
Laboratory	O
became	O
an	O
independent	O
research	O
organization	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
development	O
federated	O
service-oriented	O
computing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2013	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
SORCER	B-Architecture
is	O
continued	O
simultaneously	O
by	O
Sorcersoft.com	O
in	O
cooperation	O
with	O
the	O
Polish-Japanese	O
Institute	O
of	O
Information	O
Technology	O
and	O
SMT	O
Software	O
.	O
</s>
