<s>
The	O
Origin	O
3000	O
is	O
a	O
server	B-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
Onyx	O
3000	O
is	O
a	O
visualization	B-Application
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
systems	O
were	O
introduced	O
in	O
July	O
2000	O
to	O
succeed	O
the	O
Origin	B-Application
2000	I-Application
and	O
the	O
Onyx2	B-General_Concept
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
systems	O
ran	O
the	O
IRIX	B-Operating_System
6.5	I-Operating_System
Advanced	I-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
Environment	I-Operating_System
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Origin	O
3000	O
was	O
succeeded	O
by	O
the	O
Altix	B-Architecture
3000	I-Architecture
in	O
2004	O
and	O
the	O
last	O
model	O
was	O
discontinued	O
on	O
29	O
December	O
2006	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
Onyx	O
3000	O
was	O
succeeded	O
by	O
the	O
Onyx4	O
and	O
the	O
Itanium-based	O
Prism	B-Device
in	O
2004	O
and	O
the	O
last	O
model	O
was	O
discontinued	O
on	O
25	O
March	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
clustering	O
technology	O
used	O
was	O
gigabit	O
Ethernet	O
and	O
Infiniband	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Physically	O
,	O
the	O
Origin	O
3000	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
"	O
bricks	O
"	O
-	O
rackmounted	O
modules	O
that	O
provide	O
a	O
specific	O
function	O
,	O
that	O
are	O
connected	O
together	O
using	O
NUMAlink	B-Architecture
3	I-Architecture
cables	O
for	O
modules	O
providing	O
compute	O
functions	O
,	O
or	O
Crosstown2	O
cables	O
for	O
modules	O
providing	O
I/O	O
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Architecturally	O
,	O
the	O
Origin	O
3000	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
distributed	B-Operating_System
shared	I-Operating_System
memory	I-Operating_System
NUMAflex	O
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NUMAlink	B-Architecture
3	I-Architecture
system	O
interconnect	O
uses	O
a	O
fat	B-Protocol
tree	I-Protocol
hypercube	B-Operating_System
network	O
topology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
connects	O
to	O
the	O
system	O
using	O
NUMAlink	B-Architecture
3	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
C-Brick	O
supports	O
512	O
MB	O
to	O
8	O
GB	O
of	O
local	O
memory	O
through	O
eight	O
DIMM	B-General_Concept
slots	O
organised	O
into	O
eight	O
banks	O
by	O
using	O
proprietary	O
100MHz	O
ECC	O
DDR	O
SDRAM	O
DIMMs	B-General_Concept
with	O
capacities	O
of	O
256	O
MB	O
,	O
512	O
MB	O
and	O
1	O
GB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
data	O
path	O
between	O
the	O
DIMM	B-General_Concept
and	O
the	O
Bedrock	O
ASIC	O
is	O
144	O
bits	O
wide	O
,	O
with	O
128	O
bits	O
for	O
data	O
and	O
16	O
bits	O
for	O
ECC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
the	O
Origin	O
3000	O
uses	O
a	O
distributed	B-Operating_System
shared	I-Operating_System
memory	I-Operating_System
model	O
,	O
directory	O
memory	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
maintain	O
cache	O
coherency	O
between	O
the	O
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
the	O
Origin	B-Application
2000	I-Application
,	O
which	O
requires	O
dedicated	O
proprietary	O
DIMMs	B-General_Concept
for	O
the	O
directory	O
memory	O
,	O
the	O
Origin	O
3000	O
's	O
directory	O
memory	O
is	O
integrated	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
DIMMs	B-General_Concept
that	O
contain	O
the	O
local	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
this	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
two	O
kinds	O
of	O
DIMM	B-General_Concept
used	O
in	O
the	O
Origin	O
3000	O
:	O
standard	O
DIMMs	B-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
supports	O
systems	O
with	O
up	O
to	O
128	O
processors	O
,	O
and	O
premium	O
DIMMs	B-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
supports	O
systems	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
128	O
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
256	O
MB	O
DIMM	B-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
standard	O
DIMM	B-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
1	O
GB	O
DIMM	B-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
premium	O
DIMM	B-General_Concept
and	O
the	O
512	O
MB	O
DIMM	B-General_Concept
can	O
be	O
either	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Bedrock	O
ASIC	O
connects	O
the	O
processors	O
,	O
local	O
and	O
directory	O
memory	O
and	O
the	O
Crosstown2	O
interface	O
to	O
the	O
NUMAlink	B-Architecture
3	I-Architecture
system	O
interconnect	O
using	O
a	O
crossbar	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
interfaces	O
communicate	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
via	O
FIFO	B-Operating_System
buffers	O
that	O
are	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
crossbar	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
each	O
PIMM	O
contains	O
two	O
microprocessors	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
has	O
one	O
1.6	O
GB/s	O
interface	O
to	O
the	O
Bedrock	O
ASIC	O
,	O
the	O
single	O
interface	O
is	O
multiplexed	B-Architecture
to	O
enable	O
the	O
two	O
processors	O
on	O
each	O
PIMM	O
to	O
operate	O
independently	O
without	O
bus	B-Architecture
contention	I-Architecture
at	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
reduced	O
bandwidth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
connects	O
to	O
the	O
system	O
using	O
NUMAlink	B-Architecture
3	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
purpose	O
is	O
to	O
route	O
NUMAlink	B-Architecture
packets	O
throughout	O
the	O
system	O
to	O
connect	O
the	O
C-Bricks	O
together	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
features	O
five	O
hot	B-Device
swappable	I-Device
PCI-X	O
slots	O
,	O
with	O
three	O
clocked	O
at	O
33MHz	O
and	O
two	O
at	O
66MHz	O
on	O
two	O
separate	O
buses	O
,	O
two	O
sled-mounted	O
3.5-inch	O
Fibre	B-Architecture
Channel	I-Architecture
hard	O
drives	O
and	O
a	O
proprietary	O
CD-ROM	O
drive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
I-Brick	O
also	O
provides	O
a	O
10/100BASE	O
-T	O
Ethernet	O
port	O
,	O
an	O
IEEE	B-Protocol
1394	I-Protocol
port	O
,	O
a	O
serial	B-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
,	O
two	O
USB	B-Protocol
ports	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
real-time	O
clock	O
and	O
NVRAM	B-General_Concept
for	O
storing	O
configuration	O
information	O
through	O
the	O
IO9	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
X-brick	O
is	O
a	O
4U-high	O
enclosure	O
that	O
provides	O
four	O
XIO	B-Architecture
expansion	O
slots	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
D-brick	O
is	O
a	O
4U-high	O
enclosure	O
that	O
can	O
support	O
12	O
hot-swappable	B-Device
Fibre	B-Architecture
Channel	I-Architecture
hard	O
drives	O
through	O
two	O
Fibre	B-Architecture
Channel	I-Architecture
loops	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
graphics	O
hardware	O
is	O
contained	O
within	O
G-bricks	O
hosting	O
InfiniteReality3	O
or	O
InfiniteReality4	O
graphics	O
pipes	O
,	O
or	O
V-bricks	O
hosting	O
InfinitePerformance	O
(	O
VPro	B-General_Concept
)	O
graphics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
graphics	O
pipe	O
consists	O
of	O
a	O
128	O
MB	O
SGI	B-General_Concept
VPro	I-General_Concept
V12	I-General_Concept
graphics	O
card	O
.	O
</s>
