<s>
The	O
Indy	O
,	O
code-named	O
"	O
Guinness	O
"	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
low-end	O
multimedia	O
workstation	B-Device
introduced	O
on	O
July	O
12	O
,	O
1993	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Silicon	O
Graphics	O
Incorporated	O
(	O
SGI	O
)	O
developed	O
,	O
manufactured	O
,	O
and	O
marketed	O
Indy	O
as	O
the	O
lowest	O
end	O
of	O
its	O
product	O
line	O
,	O
for	O
computer-aided	B-Application
design	I-Application
(	O
CAD	B-Application
)	O
,	O
desktop	O
publishing	O
,	O
and	O
multimedia	O
markets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
competed	O
with	O
Intel	B-Operating_System
x86	I-Operating_System
computers	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
Windows	B-Application
and	O
Macintosh	B-Device
,	O
including	O
using	O
their	O
files	O
and	O
running	O
their	O
applications	O
via	O
software	O
emulation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
sturdy	O
,	O
electric-blue	O
colored	O
"	O
pizza	B-General_Concept
box	I-General_Concept
"	O
chassis	O
is	O
comparable	O
to	O
a	O
contemporary	O
small	O
desktop	O
PC	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
intended	O
to	O
fit	O
underneath	O
a	O
large	O
CRT	O
monitor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Designed	O
for	O
multimedia	O
use	O
,	O
the	O
Indy	O
includes	O
analog	O
and	O
digital	O
I/O	O
,	O
6-channel	O
digital	O
audio	O
processing	O
,	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
,	O
and	O
inputs	O
for	O
composite	O
and	O
S-Video	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
ISDN	B-Protocol
and	O
ethernet	O
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
base	O
model	O
was	O
launched	O
with	O
16	O
MB	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
and	O
can	O
be	O
expanded	O
to	O
256	O
MB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
in	O
1993	O
,	O
that	O
duo	O
was	O
updated	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
base	O
model	O
with	O
a	O
535	O
MB	O
hard	O
drive	O
(	O
in	O
January	O
1994	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
high	O
end	O
with	O
24-bit	O
color	O
,	O
32	O
MB	O
RAM	B-Architecture
,	O
and	O
1	O
GB	O
hard	O
drive	O
(	O
in	O
January	O
1994	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
1994	O
,	O
the	O
series	O
was	O
refreshed	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
150MHz	O
R4400	B-General_Concept
CPU	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
low	O
end	O
model	O
has	O
8-bit	O
color	O
,	O
32	O
MB	O
RAM	B-Architecture
,	O
535	O
MB	O
hard	O
drive	O
,	O
and	O
16-inch	O
1280	O
x	O
1024	O
monitor	O
for	O
and	O
the	O
high	O
end	O
has	O
24-bit	O
color	O
,	O
64	O
MB	O
RAM	B-Architecture
,	O
1	O
GB	O
hard	O
drive	O
for	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sales	O
of	O
low-cost	O
high-performance	O
workstations	B-Device
were	O
projected	O
to	O
triple	O
from	O
1994	O
to	O
1999	O
,	O
and	O
competition	O
for	O
that	O
market	O
increased	O
between	O
Sun	O
and	O
SGI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
1995	O
,	O
SGI	O
targeted	O
"	O
high-performance	O
iron	O
"	O
at	O
junior	O
engineers	O
by	O
refreshing	O
the	O
Indy	O
series	O
with	O
two	O
models	O
:	O
the	O
Indy	O
Modeler	O
PC	O
and	O
SC	O
systems	O
starting	O
at	O
with	O
a	O
133MHz	O
R4600	B-Device
CPU	O
,	O
1	O
GB	O
hard	O
drive	O
,	O
32	O
MB	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
,	O
and	O
20-inch	O
monitor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Time	O
Warner	O
Cable	O
and	O
US	O
West	O
created	O
an	O
experimental	O
interactive	O
video-on-demand	B-Application
service	O
via	O
cable	O
television	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
Indy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
optional	O
floptical	B-Device
drive	O
uses	O
21MB	O
disks	O
and	O
standard	O
3.5	O
"	O
magnetic	O
floppy	O
disks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Indy	O
was	O
launched	O
with	O
a	O
100	O
MHz	O
MIPS	B-Device
R4000PC	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
upgrade	O
option	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Indy	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
SGI	O
's	O
price	O
list	O
,	O
was	O
then	O
upgraded	O
with	O
the	O
MIPS	B-Device
R4400	B-General_Concept
and	O
the	O
low-cost	O
,	O
low-power-consumption	O
Quantum	O
Effect	O
Devices	O
(	O
QED	O
)	O
R4600	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
R4600	B-Device
has	O
higher	O
integer	O
performance	O
,	O
but	O
lesser	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
capability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
R4600	B-Device
appears	O
outside	O
the	O
Indy	O
line	O
briefly	O
once	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
SGI	B-Application
Indigo²	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
number	O
of	O
limits	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
series	O
of	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
issues	O
,	O
the	O
relatively	O
low-powered	O
graphics	O
boards	O
,	O
lower	O
maximum	O
RAM	B-Architecture
amount	O
,	O
and	O
relative	O
lack	O
of	O
internal	O
expansion	O
ability	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
SGI	B-Device
Indigo	I-Device
,	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
Indy	O
being	O
pejoratively	O
described	O
by	O
industry	O
insiders	B-Device
as	O
"	O
An	O
Indigo	O
without	O
the	O
'	O
go	O
 '	O
.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
R4600	B-Device
chip	O
itself	O
has	O
no	O
L2	B-General_Concept
cache	I-General_Concept
controller	O
,	O
an	O
external	O
controller	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
add	O
512K	O
of	O
L2	B-General_Concept
cache	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
R4600s	B-Device
processor	O
modules	O
,	O
both	O
with	O
an	O
L2	B-General_Concept
cache	I-General_Concept
(	O
SC	O
)	O
and	O
without	O
(	O
PC	O
)	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
produced	O
for	O
the	O
Indy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Indy	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
SGI	O
machine	O
to	O
utilize	O
the	O
QED	O
R5000	B-General_Concept
microprocessor	B-Architecture
,	O
which	O
offers	O
significant	O
advantages	O
over	O
the	O
R4400	B-General_Concept
and	O
R4600	B-Device
it	O
replaced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
100MHz	O
R4000	B-General_Concept
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
500KB	O
of	O
secondary	B-General_Concept
cache	I-General_Concept
,	O
this	O
cache	O
not	O
being	O
provided	O
on	O
the	O
base	O
model	O
,	O
was	O
described	O
as	O
broadly	O
comparable	O
to	O
Intel	O
's	O
66MHz	O
Pentium	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
published	O
benchmark	O
results	O
,	O
although	O
that	O
particular	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Pentium	O
was	O
"	O
still	O
a	O
few	O
months	O
off	O
"	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
early	O
reviews	O
of	O
the	O
machine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Indy	O
was	O
reportedly	O
seen	O
by	O
SGI	O
as	O
a	O
rival	O
to	O
high-end	O
Macs	B-Device
in	O
the	O
graphics	O
rendering	O
market	O
,	O
with	O
claims	O
of	O
"	O
40	O
times	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
a	O
machine	O
with	O
a	O
68030	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
support	O
a	O
maximum	O
resolution	O
of	O
1280	O
×	O
1024	O
pixels	O
at	O
a	O
refresh	O
rate	O
of	O
76Hz	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
a	O
13W3	B-Protocol
monitor	O
connection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Graphics	O
options	O
are	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
system	O
using	O
a	O
GIO32bis	B-Architecture
bus	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
an	O
Indy	O
with	O
an	O
R5000	B-General_Concept
CPU	O
,	O
these	O
graphics	O
options	O
are	O
called	O
XGE	O
,	O
because	O
an	O
R5000	B-General_Concept
CPU	O
can	O
perform	O
3D	O
geometry	O
calculations	O
faster	O
than	O
the	O
XZ	O
subsystems	O
's	O
four	O
Geometry	O
Engines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XZ	O
graphics	O
are	O
rarely	O
paired	O
with	O
the	O
R5000	B-General_Concept
for	O
this	O
reason	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
graphics	O
option	O
is	O
a	O
conversion	O
of	O
the	O
Indigo²	B-Application
's	O
XZ	O
(	O
Elan	B-General_Concept
)	O
graphics	O
into	O
Indy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XZ	O
graphics	O
option	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
popular	O
in	O
Indy	O
models	O
that	O
used	O
the	O
R5000	B-General_Concept
microprocessor	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
mostly	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
R5000	B-General_Concept
's	O
MIPS	B-Device
IV	O
architecture	O
,	O
which	O
enhanced	O
MIPS	B-Device
 '	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
arithmetic	I-Algorithm
capabilities	O
,	O
allowing	O
coordinate	O
transformations	O
to	O
be	O
performed	O
faster	O
than	O
the	O
XZ	O
graphics	O
board	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
graphics	O
take	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
two	O
boards	O
,	O
vertically	O
layered	O
,	O
and	O
block	O
both	O
GIO	B-Architecture
option	O
slots	O
,	O
making	O
them	O
less	O
favorable	O
because	O
options	O
such	O
as	O
10/100	B-Protocol
Ethernet	I-Protocol
and	O
JPEG	O
compression	O
boards	O
cannot	O
be	O
installed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
digital	O
input	O
is	O
a	O
SGI	O
Digital	O
Video	O
Interface	O
(	O
proprietary	O
D-sub	B-Protocol
connector	I-Protocol
)	O
with	O
a	O
rectangular	O
high	O
density	O
array	O
of	O
60	O
pins	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
IndyCam	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
maximum	O
supported	O
input	O
resolution	O
is	O
640×480	O
for	O
NTSC	O
or	O
768×576	O
for	O
PAL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
None	O
of	O
the	O
Indy	O
models	O
support	O
a	O
video	O
output	O
by	O
default	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
would	O
require	O
the	O
Indy	O
Video	O
GIO32	B-Architecture
card	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
optional	O
CosmoCompress	O
module	O
offers	O
real-time	O
JPEG	O
video	O
compression	O
and	O
decompression	O
and	O
uses	O
another	O
GIO32	B-Architecture
slot	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Indy	O
has	O
two	O
drive	B-Device
bays	I-Device
for	O
1-inch	O
tall	O
3.5	O
"	O
drives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
upper	O
drive	B-Device
bay	I-Device
is	O
externally	O
accessible	O
and	O
may	O
hold	O
a	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
floptical	B-Device
drive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
external	O
and	O
internal	O
drives	O
share	O
a	O
single	O
Fast	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
bus	O
(	O
unless	O
a	O
GIO32	B-Architecture
SCSI	B-Architecture
card	O
has	O
been	O
installed	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
External	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
drives	O
connect	O
via	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
connector	O
at	O
the	O
rear	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
box	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
drives	O
have	O
the	O
firmware	B-Application
needed	O
to	O
do	O
audio	O
over	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
Indy	O
models	O
shipped	O
with	O
AUI/10BASE	O
-T	O
Ethernet	O
and	O
ISDN	B-Protocol
as	O
standard	O
equipment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
10BaseT	B-Protocol
port	O
takes	O
precedence	O
over	O
the	O
AUI	B-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
;	O
if	O
the	O
system	O
detects	O
a	O
carrier	O
on	O
both	O
ports	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
use	O
the	O
10Base-T	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
different	O
manufacturers	O
produced	O
100BASE-TX	B-Protocol
Ethernet	O
cards	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
Indy	O
,	O
both	O
of	O
which	O
attached	O
to	O
the	O
system	O
using	O
the	O
GIO32	B-Architecture
bus	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Set	O
Engineering	O
produced	O
one	O
such	O
fast	B-Protocol
Ethernet	I-Protocol
card	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Texas	O
Instruments	O
ThunderLAN	O
chipset	O
,	O
under	O
contract	O
with	O
SGI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Phobos	O
also	O
produced	O
models	O
of	O
fast	B-Protocol
Ethernet	I-Protocol
cards	O
for	O
the	O
Indy	O
(	O
the	O
G100	O
and	O
G130	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ISDN	B-Protocol
port	O
provided	O
on	O
the	O
Indy	O
has	O
no	O
NT1	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
external	O
NT1	B-Protocol
is	O
required	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
ISDN	B-Protocol
port	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Indy	O
was	O
launched	O
with	O
the	O
IRIX	B-Operating_System
5.1	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
by	O
which	O
it	O
is	O
binary-compatible	O
across	O
the	O
entire	O
SGI	O
family	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IRIX	B-Operating_System
5.2	O
and	O
later	O
have	O
much	O
more	O
efficient	O
memory	O
usage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latest	O
release	O
of	O
IRIX	B-Operating_System
available	O
for	O
the	O
Indy	O
workstations	B-Device
is	O
6.5.22	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Indy	O
competed	O
with	O
Windows	B-Application
and	O
Macintosh	B-Device
,	O
including	O
using	O
their	O
files	O
and	O
running	O
their	O
applications	O
via	O
software	O
emulation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
commentator	O
remarked	O
that	O
using	O
Quorum	O
's	O
Latitude	O
technology	O
,	O
"	O
Indy	O
blows	O
Macs	B-Device
away	O
using	O
the	O
Mac	B-Device
's	O
own	O
software	O
"	O
,	O
also	O
expressing	O
similar	O
sentiments	O
about	O
Windows	B-Application
support	O
provided	O
by	O
SoftPC	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
AutoCAD	O
Designer	O
was	O
priced	O
at	O
to	O
target	O
the	O
affordable	O
CAD	B-Application
market	O
,	O
including	O
Indy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Challenge	O
S	O
comes	O
with	O
an	O
ISDN	B-Protocol
port	O
and	O
a	O
10Mbit/s	O
AUI	B-Protocol
Ethernet	O
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
local	O
administration	O
is	O
performed	O
by	O
serial	O
console	O
to	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
DIN-8	O
serial	O
ports	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
reach	O
the	O
PROM	O
prompt	O
and	O
uses	O
the	O
same	O
pin-out	O
found	O
on	O
Macintosh	B-Device
serial	O
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Electronic	O
Design	O
reviewed	O
the	O
Indy	O
at	O
launch	O
in	O
July	O
1993	O
,	O
saying	O
that	O
the	O
IndyCam	O
and	O
video	O
input	O
marked	O
a	O
new	O
standard	O
for	O
workstations	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
said	O
the	O
Indy	O
positioned	O
SGI	O
at	O
the	O
forefront	O
of	O
the	O
birth	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
industry	O
of	O
desktop	O
multimedia	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
best	O
recent	O
multimedia	O
computer	O
next	O
to	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
Quadra	I-Device
840AV	I-Device
and	O
Centris	B-Device
660AV	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Byte	O
magazine	O
said	O
in	O
September	O
1993	O
that	O
Apple	O
and	O
SGI	O
were	O
trailblazers	O
by	O
setting	O
audio	O
and	O
video	O
as	O
default	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
and	O
Indy	O
desktop	O
PCs	O
,	O
which	O
"	O
could	O
change	O
the	O
way	O
businesspeople	O
communicate	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1994	O
,	O
Byte	O
called	O
the	O
new	O
Indy	O
"	O
low	O
on	O
price	O
but	O
high	O
on	O
graphics	O
performance	O
"	O
,	O
noting	O
its	O
interoperability	O
with	O
Windows	B-Application
and	O
Macintosh	B-Device
.	O
</s>
