<s>
SCORE	O
is	O
a	O
scorewriter	B-Application
program	O
,	O
written	O
in	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
for	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
by	O
Stanford	O
University	O
Professor	O
Leland	O
Smith	O
(	O
1925	O
–	O
2013	O
)	O
with	O
a	O
reputation	O
for	O
producing	O
very	O
high-quality	O
results	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
engraving	B-Application
during	O
the	O
1980s	O
and	O
1990s	O
and	O
continues	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
small	O
,	O
dedicated	O
following	O
of	O
engravers	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
whom	O
hold	O
the	O
program	O
in	O
high	O
regard	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
position	O
symbols	O
precisely	O
on	O
the	O
page	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
publications	O
set	O
using	O
SCORE	O
have	O
earned	O
Paul	O
Revere	O
and	O
German	O
Musikpresse	O
engraving	B-Application
awards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
incarnation	O
of	O
SCORE	O
was	O
written	O
by	O
Leland	O
Smith	O
in	O
1967	O
as	O
a	O
means	O
of	O
entering	O
music	O
into	O
the	O
MUSIC	O
V	O
sound	O
generating	O
system	O
running	O
on	O
the	O
PDP-10	B-Device
mainframe	O
computers	O
at	O
the	O
Stanford	O
Artificial	O
Intelligence	O
Laboratory	O
(	O
SAIL	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
vector	O
graphics	O
terminals	B-General_Concept
became	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1970s	O
,	O
the	O
parametric	O
approach	O
to	O
describing	O
musical	O
information	O
that	O
had	O
been	O
designed	O
for	O
MUSIC	O
V	O
was	O
adapted	O
by	O
Smith	O
into	O
a	O
program	O
he	O
called	O
MSS	O
(	O
the	O
standard	O
abbreviation	O
for	O
manuscripts	O
)	O
for	O
printing	O
musical	O
scores	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
graphics	B-Operating_System
plotters	I-Operating_System
used	O
for	O
output	O
were	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
plot	O
curves	O
so	O
MSS	O
did	O
not	O
use	O
music	O
fonts	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
understood	O
today	O
,	O
instead	O
using	O
user-editable	O
symbol	O
libraries	O
based	O
on	O
polygons	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
text	O
was	O
generated	O
from	O
an	O
internal	O
character	O
set	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
printing	O
of	O
a	O
complete	O
musical	O
work	O
set	O
entirely	O
by	O
computer	O
was	O
of	O
Smith	O
's	O
Six	O
Bagatelles	O
for	O
Piano	O
which	O
appeared	O
in	O
December	O
1971	O
,	O
printed	O
at	O
100dpi	O
on	O
a	O
CalComp	O
plotter	B-Operating_System
and	O
reduced	O
by	O
a	O
factor	O
of	O
five	O
for	O
printing	O
at	O
8.5	O
"	O
x11	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
book	O
about	O
music	O
typeset	O
entirely	O
by	O
computer	O
to	O
be	O
published	O
was	O
his	O
Handbook	O
of	O
Harmonic	O
Analysis	O
in	O
1979	O
,	O
created	O
on	O
the	O
PDP-10	B-Device
computer	O
at	O
SAIL	O
using	O
the	O
PUB	O
typesetting	O
program	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
MSS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
printing	O
was	O
done	O
at	O
double	O
size	O
on	O
a	O
Varian	O
Data	O
Machines	O
Statos	O
electrostatic	O
plotter	B-Operating_System
and	O
then	O
optically	O
reduced	O
by	O
a	O
factor	O
of	O
two	O
for	O
lithographic	O
printing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
its	O
creation	O
until	O
1985	O
,	O
all	O
development	O
of	O
MSS	O
was	O
either	O
done	O
on	O
the	O
PDP-10	B-Device
computers	O
at	O
Stanford	O
or	O
during	O
residencies	O
at	O
IRCAM	O
in	O
the	O
Pompidou	O
Centre	O
,	O
Paris	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Between	O
1985	O
and	O
1986	O
MSS	O
was	O
ported	O
to	O
the	O
Tandy	B-Device
2000	I-Device
running	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
under	O
its	O
earlier	O
name	O
of	O
SCORE	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
German	O
music	O
publisher	O
Schott	O
Music	O
began	O
using	O
SCORE	O
in	O
1988	O
and	O
their	O
in-house	O
engraving	B-Application
typefaces	O
became	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
SCORE	O
's	O
symbol	O
library	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
2	O
also	O
introduced	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
PostScript	B-Language
Type	O
1	O
fonts	O
for	O
page	O
text	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FinalScore	O
utility	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
1996	O
,	O
which	O
converted	O
PostScript	B-Language
output	O
from	O
the	O
Finale	B-Application
programme	O
into	O
a	O
standard	O
SCORE	O
file	O
,	O
however	O
this	O
became	O
obsolete	O
when	O
Finale	B-Application
2004	O
changed	O
the	O
way	O
in	O
which	O
EPS	B-Language
files	I-Language
were	O
created	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinScore	B-Application
,	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
version	O
,	O
was	O
released	O
to	O
beta	O
in	O
March	O
2009	O
as	O
version	O
5.00	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Improvements	O
included	O
increasing	O
the	O
possible	O
number	O
of	O
staves	O
on	O
pages	O
,	O
removing	O
the	O
limits	O
on	O
items	O
and	O
vectors	O
per	O
page	O
,	O
a	O
WYSIWYG	B-Application
interface	O
,	O
use	O
of	O
colour	O
,	O
native	O
MIDI	O
input	O
and	O
playback	O
,	O
extending	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
parameters	O
per	O
item	O
to	O
36	O
,	O
and	O
integrating	O
all	O
previous	O
SCORE	O
utilities	O
(	O
PAGE	O
,	O
JUST	O
,	O
DRAW	O
,	O
SCORLAS	O
)	O
into	O
the	O
main	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinScore	B-Application
suffered	O
from	O
memory	B-Error_Name
leaks	I-Error_Name
and	O
other	O
bugs	O
which	O
prevented	O
its	O
adoption	O
by	O
many	O
users	O
,	O
and	O
despite	O
officially	O
being	O
released	O
on	O
December	O
8	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
still	O
effectively	O
in	O
beta	O
development	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
its	O
last	O
update	O
to	O
5.01	O
on	O
November	O
1	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
six	O
weeks	O
before	O
Smith	O
's	O
death	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
basis	O
of	O
SCORE	O
was	O
written	O
in	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
with	O
all	O
the	O
mouse	O
and	O
graphics	O
routines	O
written	O
in	O
Intel	O
assembly	B-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinScore	B-Application
was	O
created	O
using	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
Visual	B-Application
C++	I-Application
and	O
32-bit	O
DEC	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
Smith	O
's	O
death	O
on	O
December	O
17	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
both	O
SCORE	O
and	O
WinScore	B-Application
are	O
no	O
longer	O
sold	O
and	O
the	O
website	O
registrations	O
have	O
lapsed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
2021	O
Adobe	O
Inc	O
.	O
announced	O
that	O
support	O
for	O
Type	O
1	O
PostScript	B-Language
fonts	O
would	O
end	O
in	O
January	O
2023	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
release	O
in	O
1987	O
,	O
SCORE	O
version	O
1	O
cost	O
,	O
version	O
2	O
in	O
1988	O
was	O
,	O
version	O
3	O
in	O
1991	O
was	O
,	O
version	O
4	O
in	O
1999	O
was	O
,	O
and	O
WinScore	B-Application
,	O
in	O
2013	O
,	O
was	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
to	O
update	O
to	O
WinScore	B-Application
from	O
version	O
3	O
cost	O
,	O
and	O
from	O
version	O
4	O
,	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
math	B-General_Concept
coprocessor	I-General_Concept
was	O
considered	O
essential	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
program	O
response	O
being	O
sluggish	O
when	O
handling	O
the	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
arithmetic	I-Algorithm
for	O
screen	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Reviewing	O
version	O
2.10	O
in	O
March	O
1990	O
for	O
Notes	O
,	O
Garrett	O
Bowles	O
noted	O
that	O
SCORE	O
surpassed	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
contemporary	O
notation	O
programmes	O
(	O
The	O
Copyist	O
III	O
,	O
DynaDuet	O
,	O
MusicPrinter	B-Application
Plus	I-Application
,	O
The	O
Note	O
Processor	O
,	O
Personal	O
Composer	O
System	O
,	O
and	O
Theme	O
,	O
the	O
Music	O
Editor	O
)	O
on	O
notational	O
complexity	O
,	O
text	O
handling	O
,	O
part	O
extraction	O
,	O
page	O
layout	O
,	O
and	O
spacing	O
of	O
items	O
on	O
the	O
staff	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Karl	O
Signell	O
,	O
writing	O
in	O
spring	O
1991	O
,	O
observed	O
that	O
version	O
3	O
had	O
the	O
most	O
'	O
ungraceful	O
,	O
counter-intuitive	O
interface	O
 '	O
,	O
but	O
noted	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
faster	O
than	O
other	O
programmes	O
(	O
including	O
Finale	B-Application
,	O
Music	O
Writer	O
,	O
NoteWriter	O
and	O
Professional	O
Composer	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
producing	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
professional	O
looking	O
scores	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Music	O
is	O
usually	O
entered	O
using	O
text	O
codes	O
from	O
a	O
standard	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
keyboard	O
(	O
though	O
a	O
MIDI	O
keyboard	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
purely	O
for	O
note	O
pitch	O
entry	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
several	O
passes	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
enter	O
all	O
the	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
the	O
music	O
has	O
been	O
entered	O
using	O
the	O
five-stage	O
input	O
process	O
described	O
above	O
,	O
the	O
musical	O
data	O
is	O
converted	O
by	O
SCORE	O
into	O
the	O
following	O
graphical	O
items	O
and	O
stored	O
as	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
numeric	B-Algorithm
parameters	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
SCORE	O
Versions	O
3	O
and	O
4	O
parameters	O
(	O
WinScore	B-Application
V5	O
extensions	O
marked	O
in	O
yellow	O
)	O
Name	O
1	O
Notes	O
Staff	O
No	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
of	O
Staves	O
Connected	O
Type	O
Thickness	O
Horizontal	O
Displacement	O
Partial	O
Bracket	O
Size	O
of	O
Space	O
(	O
Dashed	O
Barlines	O
)	O
Origination	O
Point	O
End	O
Point	O
Marker	O
for	O
PAGE	O
Space	O
between	O
Double	O
or	O
Repeat	O
Bars	O
Space	O
between	O
Dots	O
and	O
Lines	O
of	O
Repeat	O
Bars	O
...	O
Vertical	O
Position	O
of	O
Repeat	O
Dots	O
Special	O
Double	O
Bar	O
Spacings	O
Sets	O
Gap	O
in	O
Bar	O
Size	O
of	O
Dots	O
with	O
Repeat	O
Bars	O
17	O
Key	B-General_Concept
Signatures	I-General_Concept
Staff	O
No	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
line	O
represents	O
one	O
graphical	O
item	O
as	O
a	O
CODE	O
number	O
(	O
item	O
type	O
)	O
and	O
associated	O
numeric	B-Algorithm
parameters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
most	O
music	B-Application
typesetting	I-Application
editors	O
,	O
understanding	O
and	O
manipulation	O
of	O
these	O
numerical	O
parameters	O
are	O
expected	O
of	O
SCORE	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
access	O
the	O
numeric	B-Algorithm
parameters	O
of	O
items	O
within	O
SCORE	O
,	O
a	O
user	O
clicks	O
on	O
a	O
graphical	O
element	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
the	O
parameters	O
is	O
displayed	O
at	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
editor	O
-	O
as	O
shown	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
screenshot	O
,	O
where	O
a	O
slur	O
is	O
selected	O
(	O
notice	O
the	O
black	O
vertical	O
arrow	O
above	O
the	O
staff	O
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
third	O
bar	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SCORE	O
was	O
creative	O
in	O
packing	O
as	O
much	O
information	O
as	O
possible	O
into	O
each	O
numeric	B-Algorithm
parameter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Here	O
are	O
selected	O
examples	O
of	O
items	O
from	O
the	O
numeric	B-Algorithm
parameter	O
data	O
of	O
the	O
fugue	O
example	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
key	B-General_Concept
signature	I-General_Concept
:	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
version	O
1	O
PostScript	B-Language
text	O
fonts	O
were	O
not	O
used	O
for	O
printing	O
,	O
only	O
the	O
stick-figure	O
characters	O
used	O
within	O
the	O
programme	O
and	O
an	O
internal	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Bodoni	O
typeface	O
,	O
and	O
text	O
could	O
only	O
be	O
edited	O
by	O
altering	O
the	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
codes	I-Protocol
for	O
each	O
character	O
individually	O
within	O
the	O
CODE16	O
parameters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
2	O
allowed	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
PostScript	B-Language
Type	O
1	O
fonts	O
and	O
provided	O
a	O
more	O
convenient	O
method	O
of	O
editing	O
text	O
,	O
but	O
unfortunately	O
only	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
the	O
glyphs	O
within	O
the	O
chosen	O
font	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
SCORE	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Escape	O
codes	O
_00	O
to	O
_34	O
selected	O
the	O
Base	O
35	O
fonts	O
of	O
the	O
Adobe	B-Language
PostScript	I-Language
Level	O
2	O
font	O
set	O
,	O
and	O
codes	O
_35	O
to	O
_89	O
could	O
be	O
assigned	O
by	O
the	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
only	O
possible	O
to	O
use	O
glyphs	O
other	O
than	O
those	O
already	O
escaped	O
within	O
SCORE	O
by	O
manually	O
editing	O
the	O
font	O
files	O
,	O
re-encoding	O
SCORE	O
's	O
font	O
templates	O
(	O
a	O
third-party	O
utility	O
called	O
AFM2PSC	O
was	O
written	O
to	O
facilitate	O
this	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
editing	O
the	O
final	O
EPS	B-Language
file	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinScore	B-Application
allowed	O
macros	O
to	O
be	O
read	O
in	O
sequence	O
from	O
source	O
files	O
,	O
but	O
did	O
not	O
add	O
any	O
more	O
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Music	O
notation	O
data	O
is	O
saved	O
in	O
a	O
proprietary	B-Application
but	O
open	O
format	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Saved	O
files	O
with	O
less	O
than	O
31000	O
words	O
can	O
be	O
read	O
back	O
into	O
the	O
earlier	O
versions	O
of	O
SCORE	O
,	O
except	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
any	O
new	O
features	O
of	O
WinScore	B-Application
will	O
be	O
ignored	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
initial	O
integer	O
word	O
count	O
,	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
file	O
consists	O
entirely	O
of	O
4-byte	O
(	O
32-bit	O
)	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
words	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Finale	B-Application
also	O
uses	O
the	O
extension	O
"	O
.mus	O
"	O
though	O
the	O
file	O
format	O
is	O
different	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SCORE	O
creates	O
PostScript	B-Language
graphics	O
that	O
can	O
either	O
be	O
sent	O
to	O
a	O
PostScript	B-Language
printer	O
or	O
saved	O
as	O
an	O
Encapsulated	B-Language
PostScript	I-Language
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
creating	O
publications	O
the	O
EPS	B-Language
graphics	O
can	O
be	O
imported	O
into	O
a	O
desktop	O
publishing	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developer	O
Name	O
Dates	O
Version	O
Purpose	O
Thomas	O
Brodhead	O
ACCS	O
2002-2013	O
2.01	O
Accidentals	O
editor	O
using	O
intelligent	O
kerning	O
,	O
stacking	O
and	O
placement	O
algorithms	O
BEAM	O
1996-2013	O
3.05	O
Uses	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
user-editable	O
beam	O
charts	O
to	O
make	O
optimum	O
beam	O
angle	O
and	O
stem	O
length	O
choices	O
,	O
centre	O
tuplet	O
numbers	O
over	O
beams	O
,	O
handle	O
cross-staff	O
beaming	O
,	O
avoid	O
rest	O
collisions	O
with	O
beams	O
,	O
all	O
while	O
taking	O
into	O
account	O
the	O
surrounding	O
musical	O
context	O
EDITSCOR	O
1996-2013	O
3.51	O
Conditional	O
editor	O
,	O
allowing	O
search-and-replace	O
on	O
text	O
,	O
comparison	O
and	O
editing	O
of	O
multiple	O
items	O
simultaneously	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
multiple	O
macro	O
files	O
EPSFONTS	O
2003-2013	O
2.19	O
Embeds	O
PostScript	B-Language
Type	O
1	O
fonts	O
into	O
SCORE-generated	O
EPS	B-Language
files	I-Language
,	O
removing	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
the	O
fonts	O
to	O
be	O
downloaded	O
to	O
the	O
printer	O
separately	O
LABELS	O
2003-2013	O
3.80	O
Automates	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
margin	O
labels	O
and	O
margin	O
barlines	O
,	O
converts	O
between	O
French	O
and	O
German	O
score	O
layouts	O
(	O
removing	O
staves	O
with	O
no	O
notes	O
or	O
restoring	O
them	O
)	O
,	O
creates	O
transposed	O
cues	O
and	O
part	O
extraction	O
scores	O
LJ	O
1999-2013	O
1.26	O
Lineup-and-Justify	O
(	O
horizontal	O
spacing	O
editor	O
)	O
,	O
allows	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
control	O
all	O
aspects	O
of	O
horizontal	O
justification	O
SETCOLOR	O
2007-2012	O
1.01	O
Simplifies	O
the	O
coloring	O
of	O
items	O
using	O
RGB	O
or	O
CMYK	O
SETGRAY	O
2004	O
1.05	O
Simplifies	O
setting	O
the	O
grey	O
level	O
of	O
items	O
VJ	O
1999-2013	O
1.19	O
Vertical	O
Justification	O
editor	O
,	O
allowing	O
greater	O
control	O
of	O
how	O
vertical	O
space	O
is	O
allocatedStephen	O
Gibson	O
ScorEdit	O
1996-date	O
3.80	O
GUI-based	O
conditional	O
editor	O
,	O
allowing	O
search-and-replace	O
on	O
text	O
,	O
comparison	O
and	O
editing	O
of	O
multiple	O
items	O
simultaneously	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
multiple	O
macro	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
of	O
SCORE	O
can	O
still	O
be	O
run	O
on	O
modern	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machines	I-Architecture
,	O
though	O
accommodations	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
for	O
their	O
age	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
common	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
emulators	O
for	O
SCORE	O
are	O
DOSBox	B-Application
in	O
Windows	O
,	O
or	O
Boxer	O
in	O
macOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
