<s>
SAP	B-Application
SE	I-Application
(	O
;	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
German	O
multinational	O
software	O
company	O
based	O
in	O
Walldorf	O
,	O
Baden-Württemberg	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
develops	O
enterprise	B-Application
software	I-Application
to	O
manage	O
business	O
operations	O
and	O
customer	O
relations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SAP	B-Application
is	O
the	O
largest	O
non-American	O
software	O
company	O
by	O
revenue	O
,	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
third-largest	O
publicly	O
traded	O
software	O
company	O
by	O
revenue	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
largest	O
German	O
company	O
by	O
market	O
capitalization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apart	O
from	O
ERP	O
software	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
also	O
sells	O
database	O
software	O
and	O
technology	O
(	O
particularly	O
its	B-Application
own	I-Application
brands	I-Application
)	O
,	O
cloud-engineered	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
,	O
and	O
other	O
ERP	O
software	O
products	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
human	O
capital	O
management	O
(	O
HCM	O
)	O
software	O
,	O
customer	O
relationship	O
management	O
(	O
CRM	O
)	O
software	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
customer	O
experience	O
)	O
,	O
enterprise	O
performance	O
management	O
(	O
EPM	O
)	O
software	O
,	O
product	O
lifecycle	O
management	O
(	O
PLM	O
)	O
software	O
,	O
supplier	O
relationship	O
management	O
(	O
SRM	O
)	O
software	O
,	O
supply	O
chain	O
management	O
(	O
SCM	O
)	O
software	O
,	O
business	B-General_Concept
technology	I-General_Concept
platform	I-General_Concept
(	O
BTP	O
)	O
software	O
and	O
programming	B-Application
environment	I-Application
SAP	B-Application
AppGyver	O
for	O
business	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Historical	O
references	O
include	O
Systems	O
,	O
Applications	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Products	O
in	O
Data	O
Processing	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
AG	I-Application
and	O
SAP	B-Application
SE	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Founded	O
in	O
1972	O
as	O
a	O
private	O
partnership	O
named	O
(	O
;	O
SAP	B-Application
GbR	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
in	O
1981	O
fully	O
became	O
(	O
SAP	B-Application
GmbH	I-Application
)	O
after	O
a	O
five-year	O
transition	O
period	O
beginning	O
in	O
1976	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2005	O
,	O
it	O
further	O
restructured	O
itself	O
as	O
SAP	B-Application
AG	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
7	O
July	O
2014	O
,	O
its	O
corporate	O
structure	O
is	O
that	O
of	O
a	O
pan-European	O
societas	O
Europaea	O
(	O
SE	O
)	O
;	O
as	O
such	O
,	O
its	O
former	O
German	O
corporate	O
identity	O
is	O
now	O
a	O
subsidiary	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
Deutschland	O
SE	O
&	O
Co	O
.	O
KG	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SAP	B-Application
is	O
headquartered	O
in	O
Walldorf	O
,	O
Baden-Württemberg	O
,	O
Germany	O
,	O
with	O
regional	O
offices	O
in	O
180	O
countries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Five	O
IBM	O
engineers	O
from	O
the	O
AI	B-Application
department	O
(	O
Dietmar	O
Hopp	O
,	O
Klaus	O
Tschira	O
,	O
Hans-Werner	O
Hector	O
,	O
Hasso	O
Plattner	O
,	O
and	O
Claus	O
Wellenreuther	O
,	O
all	O
from	O
Mannheim	O
,	O
Baden-Württemberg	O
)	O
were	O
working	O
on	O
an	O
enterprise-wide	O
system	O
based	O
on	O
this	O
software	O
,	O
only	O
to	O
be	O
told	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
no	O
longer	O
be	O
necessary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
1972	O
,	O
they	O
founded	O
the	O
SAP	B-Application
(	O
"	O
System	O
Analysis	O
and	O
Program	O
Development	O
"	O
/	O
"	O
SAPD	O
"	O
)	O
company	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
private	O
partnership	O
under	O
the	O
German	O
Civil	O
Code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Their	O
first	O
client	O
was	O
the	O
German	O
branch	O
of	O
Imperial	O
Chemical	O
Industries	O
in	O
Östringen	O
,	O
where	O
they	O
developed	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
programs	O
for	O
payroll	O
and	O
accounting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
of	O
storing	O
the	O
data	O
on	O
punch	B-Architecture
cards	I-Architecture
mechanically	O
,	O
as	O
IBM	O
did	O
,	O
they	O
stored	O
it	O
locally	O
in	O
the	O
Electronic	O
System	O
while	O
using	O
a	O
common	O
Logical	O
database	O
for	O
all	O
activities	O
of	O
Organization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Therefore	O
,	O
they	O
called	O
their	O
software	O
a	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
since	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
need	O
to	O
process	O
the	O
punch	B-Architecture
cards	I-Architecture
overnight	O
(	O
for	O
this	O
reason	O
their	O
flagship	O
product	O
carried	O
an	O
R	O
in	O
its	O
name	O
until	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Acquisition	O
number	O
Acquired	O
company	O
Acquisition	O
date	O
Specialty	O
Country	O
of	O
origin	O
Acquisition	O
costs	O
74	O
Taulia	O
(	O
January	O
2022	O
)	O
Working	O
capital	O
management	O
USA	O
73	O
AppGyver	O
(	O
February	O
2021	O
)	O
No-code	O
development	O
platform	O
Finland	O
72	O
Signavio	B-Application
(	O
January	O
2021	O
)	O
Collaborative	O
Business	O
Process	O
Design	O
,	O
Management	O
and	O
Analysis	O
Germany	O
$1b	O
est	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
71	O
Emarsys	O
Oct	O
2020	O
Omnichannel	O
marketing	O
Austria	O
70	O
Qualtrics	B-Application
Nov	O
2018	O
Collect	O
,	O
Manage	O
,	O
act	O
on	O
Experience	O
data	O
USA	O
$8.0	O
b69	O
Contextor	O
Nov	O
2018	O
Robotic	O
Process	O
Automation	O
France	O
68	O
Coresystems	O
Jun	O
2018	O
Platform	O
for	O
field	O
service	O
management	O
Switzerland	O
67	O
CallidusCloud	O
Jan	O
2018	O
Sales	O
Performance	O
Management	O
Tool	O
USA	O
$2.4	O
b	O
66	O
Recast.ai	O
Jan	O
2018	O
Conversational	O
User	O
Experience	O
Technology	O
(	O
chatbot	O
)	O
France	O
65	O
Gigya	O
Sep	O
2017	O
Customer	O
Identity	O
Management	O
Israel	O
$350m	O
64	O
Abakus	O
Dec	O
2016	O
Marketing	O
attribution	O
USA	O
63	O
Plat.One	O
Oct	O
2016	O
IoT	B-Operating_System
USA	O
62	O
Altiscale	O
Aug	O
2016	O
big	B-Application
data	I-Application
and	O
Hadoop	O
Hosting	O
USA	O
$125m+	O
61	O
Fedem	O
Technology	O
Jun	O
2016	O
IoT	B-Operating_System
Norway	O
60	O
MeLLmo	O
Inc	O
.	O
(	O
Roambi	B-Application
)	O
Feb	O
2016	O
Mobile	O
Business	O
Intelligence	O
USA	O
59	O
Concur	O
Technologies	O
Sep	O
2014	O
Travel	O
and	O
Expense	O
Management	O
USA	O
$8.3	O
b	O
58	O
SeeWhy	O
May	O
2014	O
Behavioural	O
target	O
marketing	O
USA	O
$1.1	O
b	O
57	O
Fieldglass	O
Mar	O
2014	O
Contingent	O
labour	O
and	O
services	O
USA	O
56	O
KXEN	O
Oct	O
2013	O
Predictive	O
analytics	O
France	O
55	O
hybris	O
May	O
2013	O
E-Commerce	O
Solutions	O
Switzerland	O
$1.5	O
b	O
54	O
Camilion	O
Mar	O
2013	O
Insurance	O
solutions	O
Canada	O
53	O
SmartOps	O
Feb	O
2013	O
Inventory	O
optimization	O
USA	O
52	O
Ticket-Web	O
Feb	O
2013	O
Ticket	O
systems	O
and	O
special	O
CRM	O
solutions	O
for	O
sports	O
and	O
entertainment	O
Germany	O
51	O
Ariba	O
Oct	O
2012	O
Supplier	O
network	O
USA	O
$4.3	O
b	O
50	O
Syclo	O
Jun	O
2012	O
Mobile	O
asset	O
management	O
USA	O
49	O
datango	O
Jan	O
2012	O
Electronic	O
performance	O
support	O
technologies	O
Germany	O
48	O
SuccessFactors	O
Dec	O
2011	O
Human	O
Capital	O
Management	O
USA	O
$3.4	O
b	O
47	O
Right	O
Hemisphere	O
Sep	O
2011	O
3D	O
visualization	O
USA	O
46	O
Crossgate	O
Sep	O
2011	O
B2B	O
eCommerce	O
Germany	O
45	O
Secude	O
Mar	O
2011	O
Security	O
software	O
(	O
Not	O
the	O
whole	O
company	O
,	O
only	O
some	O
assets	O
were	O
acquired	O
)	O
Germany	O
44	O
Cundus	O
Dec	O
2010	O
Disclosure	O
Management	O
Germany	O
43	O
Sybase	B-Application
May	O
2010	O
Database	O
,	O
middleware	O
,	O
mobile	O
software	O
USA	O
$5.8	O
b	O
42	O
TechniData	O
May	O
2010	O
Environmental	O
,	O
Health	O
and	O
Safety	O
Germany	O
41	O
SAF	O
Sep	O
2009	O
Inventory	O
Management	O
Switzerland	O
$91m	O
40	O
Highdeal	O
May	O
2009	O
High-volume	O
billing	O
France	O
39	O
Visiprise	O
Jul	O
2008	O
Manufacturing	O
Execution	O
USA	O
38	O
Saicon	O
INC	O
Oct	O
2014	O
US	O
Recruitment	O
India	O
37	O
BusinessObjects	O
Oct	O
2007	O
Business	O
Intelligence	O
France	O
$6.78	O
b	O
36	O
Yasu	O
Technologies	O
Pvt	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ltd	O
.	O
Oct	O
2007	O
Business	O
Rules	O
Management	O
Software	O
India	O
35	O
Wicom	O
Communications	O
May	O
2007	O
Internet	O
Communication	O
software	O
Finland	O
34	O
MaXware	O
May	O
2007	O
Identity	O
software	O
Norway	O
33	O
Outlooksoft	O
May	O
2007	O
Planning	O
&	O
consolidation	O
USA	O
32	O
Pilot	O
Software	O
Feb	O
2007	O
Strategy	O
Management	O
software	O
USA	O
~	O
$200m	O
31	O
Factory	O
Logic	O
Dec	O
2006	O
Lean	O
scheduling	O
and	O
supply	O
synchronisation	O
USA	O
30	O
Praxis	O
Software	O
Solutions	O
Jul	O
2006	O
Web-based	O
CRM	O
and	O
eCommerce	O
USA	O
29	O
Frictionless	O
Commerce	O
May	O
2006	O
SRM	O
software	O
USA	O
28	O
Virsa	O
Systems	O
Apr	O
2006	O
Compliance	O
solutions	O
USA	O
27	O
SAP	B-Application
Systems	O
Integration	O
Dec	O
2005	O
Consulting	O
services	O
Germany	O
26	O
Callixa	O
Nov	O
2005	O
Enterprise	O
Integration	O
Information	O
software	O
USA	O
25	O
Khimetrics	O
Nov	O
2005	O
retail	O
software	O
USA	O
24	O
Triversity	O
Sep	O
2005	O
POS	O
software	O
Canada	O
23	O
Lighthammer	O
Jun	O
2005	O
Manufacturing	O
Intelligence	O
and	O
Collaborative	O
Manufacturing	O
USA	O
22	O
DCS	O
Quantum	O
Feb	O
2005	O
Automotive	O
Dealer	O
Management	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
21	O
TomorrowNow	O
Jan	O
2005	O
Grey	O
market	O
support	O
USA	O
20	O
ilytix	O
Jan	O
2005	O
SAP	B-Application
BusinessOne	O
Business	O
Intelligence	O
Norway	O
19	O
A2i	O
Jul	O
2004	O
Master	O
Data	O
Management	O
USA	O
18	O
SPM	O
Technologies	O
Dec	O
2003	O
IT	O
architecture	O
consulting	O
Germany	O
17	O
DCW	O
Software	O
Jul	O
2003	O
OS/400	O
Applications	B-Application
Germany	O
16	O
Guimachine	O
Dec	O
2002	O
NetWeaver	B-Application
Visual	O
Composer	O
toolkit	O
USA	O
15	O
IMHC	O
May	O
2001	O
Integrated	O
managed	O
health	O
care	O
from	O
IDS	O
USA	O
14	O
Expression	O
May	O
2002	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
file	O
sharing	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
SAP	B-Application
completed	O
its	O
first	O
financial	O
accounting	O
system	O
-	O
RF	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
system	O
served	O
as	O
the	O
cornerstone	O
in	O
the	O
ongoing	O
development	O
of	O
other	O
software	O
modules	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
that	O
eventually	O
bore	O
the	O
name	O
SAP	B-Application
R/1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1976	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
GmbH	I-Application
Systeme	O
,	O
Anwendungen	O
und	O
Produkte	O
in	O
der	O
Datenverarbeitung	O
(	O
"	O
Systems	O
,	O
Applications	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Products	O
in	O
Data	O
Processing	O
"	O
)	O
was	O
founded	O
as	O
a	O
sales	O
and	O
support	O
subsidiary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Five	O
years	O
later	O
,	O
the	O
private	O
partnership	O
was	O
dissolved	O
and	O
its	O
rights	O
were	O
passed	O
on	O
to	O
SAP	B-Application
GmbH	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Three	O
years	O
later	O
,	O
in	O
1979	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
launched	O
SAP	B-Application
R/2	I-Application
,	O
expanding	O
the	O
capabilities	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
to	O
other	O
areas	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
material	O
management	O
and	O
production	O
planning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1981	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
brought	O
a	O
re-designed	O
product	O
to	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
R/2	I-Application
did	O
not	O
improve	O
until	O
the	O
period	O
between	O
1985	O
and	O
1990	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SAP	B-Application
released	O
the	O
new	O
SAP	B-Application
R/3	I-Application
in	O
1992	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SAP	B-Application
developed	O
and	O
released	O
several	O
versions	O
of	O
R/3	O
through	O
1995	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
mid-1990s	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
followed	O
the	O
trend	O
from	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
to	O
client	B-Operating_System
–	I-Operating_System
server	I-Operating_System
architectures	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
of	O
SAP	B-Application
's	O
internet	O
strategy	O
with	O
mySAP.com	B-Application
redesigned	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
business	O
processes	O
(	O
integration	O
via	O
Internet	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
R/3	O
was	O
replaced	O
with	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
SAP	B-Application
ERP	I-Application
Central	O
Component	O
(	O
ECC	O
)	O
5.0	O
in	O
2004	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latest	O
version	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
ERP	I-Application
6.0	O
,	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SAP	B-Application
ERP	I-Application
6.0	O
has	O
since	O
then	O
been	O
updated	O
through	O
SAP	B-Application
enhancement	O
packs	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
:	O
SAP	B-Application
enhancement	O
package	O
8	O
for	O
SAP	B-Application
ERP	I-Application
6.0	O
in	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
1988	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
GmbH	I-Application
became	O
SAP	B-Application
AG	I-Application
,	O
and	O
public	O
trading	O
started	O
on	O
4	O
November	O
1988	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1995	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
was	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
German	O
stock	O
index	O
DAX	O
and	O
,	O
on	O
22	O
September	O
2003	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
was	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
STOXX	O
Europe	O
50	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
's	O
official	O
name	O
became	O
SAP	B-Application
AG	I-Application
(	O
a	O
public	O
limited	O
company	O
)	O
after	O
the	O
2005	O
annual	O
general	O
meeting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
21	O
May	O
2014	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
AG	I-Application
announced	O
during	O
the	O
Annual	O
General	O
Meeting	O
of	O
Shareholders	O
that	O
99%	O
of	O
the	O
shareholder	O
votes	O
approved	O
the	O
conversion	O
of	O
legal	O
form	O
to	O
a	O
European	O
stock	O
corporation	O
(	O
Societas	O
Europaea	O
,	O
SE	O
)	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
elected	O
the	O
first	O
supervisory	O
board	O
of	O
SAP	B-Application
SE	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
7	O
July	O
2014	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
announced	O
it	O
had	O
changed	O
its	O
legal	O
form	O
to	O
a	O
European	O
Company	O
(	O
Societas	O
Europaea	O
,	O
SE	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
its	O
German	O
subsidiary	O
was	O
renamed	O
to	O
SAP	B-Application
Deutschland	O
SE	O
&	O
Co	O
.	O
KG	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2012	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
has	O
acquired	O
several	O
companies	O
that	O
sell	O
cloud-based	B-Architecture
products	I-Architecture
,	O
with	O
several	O
multi-billion-dollar	O
acquisitions	O
seen	O
by	O
analysts	O
as	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
challenge	O
competitor	O
Oracle	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
SAP	B-Application
bought	O
Concur	O
Technologies	O
,	O
a	O
provider	O
of	O
cloud-based	B-Architecture
travel	O
and	O
expense	O
management	O
software	O
,	O
for	O
$8.3	O
billion	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
's	O
most	O
expensive	O
purchase	O
to	O
that	O
date	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Analysts	O
 '	O
reactions	O
to	O
the	O
purchase	O
were	O
mixed	O
,	O
with	O
Thomas	O
Becker	O
of	O
Commerzbank	O
questioning	O
whether	O
Concur	O
was	O
the	O
right	O
choice	O
for	O
SAP	B-Application
,	O
while	O
Credit	O
Suisse	O
called	O
the	O
acquisition	O
an	O
"	O
aggressive	O
"	O
move	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2014	O
,	O
IBM	O
and	O
SAP	B-Application
began	O
a	O
partnership	O
to	O
sell	O
cloud-based	B-Architecture
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Likewise	O
,	O
in	O
2015	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
also	O
partnered	O
with	O
HPE	O
to	O
provide	O
secure	O
hybrid	O
cloud-based	B-Architecture
services	O
running	O
the	O
SAP	B-Application
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
HPE	O
and	O
IBM	O
provide	O
infrastructure	O
services	O
to	O
SAP	B-Application
,	O
and	O
SAP	B-Application
runs	O
its	O
SAP	B-Application
HANA	I-Application
cloud	B-Architecture
solution	O
on	O
top	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SAP	B-Application
has	O
announced	O
additional	O
partnerships	O
with	O
Microsoft	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
give	O
customers	O
tools	O
for	O
data	O
visualization	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
improved	O
mobile	O
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
SAP	B-Application
exceeded	O
its	O
revenue	O
projections	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
expansion	O
in	O
its	O
cloud	B-Architecture
business	O
and	O
the	O
success	O
of	O
SAP	B-Application
HANA	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2017	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
is	O
a	O
founding	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
EU	O
Cloud	B-Architecture
Code	O
of	O
Conduct	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
May	O
2021	O
SAP	B-Application
has	O
listed	O
selected	O
Cloud	B-Architecture
Service	I-Architecture
adherent	O
to	O
the	O
EU	O
Cloud	B-Architecture
Code	O
of	O
Conduct	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
Cloud	B-Architecture
Service	I-Architecture
Providers	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
announced	O
plans	O
in	O
2016	O
to	O
invest	O
heavily	O
into	O
technology	O
relating	O
to	O
the	B-Operating_System
Internet	I-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
things	I-Operating_System
(	O
IoT	B-Operating_System
)	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
strategy	O
to	O
capitalize	O
on	O
the	O
growth	O
in	O
that	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SAP	B-Application
will	O
also	O
launch	O
a	O
new	O
product	O
line	O
called	O
SAP	B-Application
IoT	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
"	O
will	O
combine	O
large	O
amounts	O
of	O
data	O
from	O
things	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
Internet	O
with	O
machine	O
learning	O
and	O
SAP	B-Application
's	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
database	O
S/4	O
HANA.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
29	O
January	O
2019	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
announced	O
plans	O
to	O
cut	O
approximately	O
4,000	O
positions	O
at	O
the	O
company	O
in	O
a	O
strategic	O
plan	O
to	O
shift	O
to	O
more	O
modern	O
cloud-based	B-Architecture
technologies	O
such	O
as	O
blockchain	B-Application
,	O
quantum	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
,	O
machine	O
learning	O
,	O
Internet	B-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
Things	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
On	O
13	O
April	O
2021	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
announced	O
the	O
formation	O
of	O
the	O
joint	O
venture	O
SAP	B-Application
Fioneer	O
,	O
a	O
dedicated	O
Financial	O
Services	O
Industry	O
(	O
FSI	O
)	O
Unit	O
between	O
SAP	B-Application
and	O
investment	O
company	O
Dediq	O
GmbH	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SAP	B-Application
brought	O
its	O
products	O
,	O
organizational	O
units	O
and	O
the	O
sales	O
network	O
into	O
the	O
business	O
and	O
holds	O
20	O
percent	O
of	O
the	O
shares	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
fiscal	O
year	O
2017	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
reported	O
earnings	O
of	O
€4	O
billion	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
annual	O
revenue	O
of	O
€23.5	O
billion	O
,	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
6.3	O
%	O
over	O
the	O
previous	O
fiscal	O
cycle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SAP	B-Application
's	O
shares	O
traded	O
at	O
over	O
US$105	O
per	O
share	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
market	O
capitalization	O
was	O
valued	O
at	O
US$128	O
billion	O
in	O
December	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
made	O
SAP	B-Application
the	O
most	O
valuable	O
company	O
in	O
Germany	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2022	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
was	O
the	O
second	O
most	O
valuable	O
company	O
in	O
Germany	O
by	O
market	O
capitalisation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
SAP	B-Application
is	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
fourth-largest	O
software	O
and	O
programming	O
company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SAP	B-Application
focuses	O
on	O
25	O
industries	O
and	O
six	O
industry	O
sectors	O
:	O
process	O
industries	O
,	O
discrete	O
industries	O
,	O
consumer	O
industries	O
,	O
service	O
industries	O
,	O
financial	O
services	O
and	O
public	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SAP	B-Application
partners	O
include	O
Global	O
Services	O
Partners	O
with	O
cross-industry	O
multinational	O
consulting	O
capabilities	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
University	O
Alliances	O
,	O
Global	O
Software	O
Partners	O
providing	O
integrated	O
products	O
that	O
complement	O
SAP	B-Application
Business	O
Suite	O
solutions	O
,	O
and	O
Global	O
Technology	O
Partners	O
providing	O
user	O
companies	O
with	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
products	O
to	O
support	O
SAP	B-Application
technology	O
,	O
including	O
vendors	O
of	O
hardware	O
,	O
database	O
,	O
storage	O
systems	O
,	O
networks	O
,	O
and	O
mobile	O
computing	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Extensions	O
partners	O
are	O
companies	O
which	O
provide	O
functionality	O
that	O
complements	O
SAP	B-Application
product	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Their	O
products	O
are	O
certified	O
,	O
sold	O
,	O
and	O
supported	O
by	O
SAP	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
SAP	B-Application
has	O
also	O
partnered	O
with	O
Apple	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
the	O
mobile	O
experience	O
for	O
SAP	B-Application
enterprise	O
customers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
partnership	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
SAP	B-General_Concept
HANA	I-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
Platform	I-General_Concept
SDK	O
would	O
be	O
delivered	O
exclusively	O
for	O
iOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
developers	O
can	O
build	O
applications	B-Application
based	O
on	O
the	O
SAP	B-General_Concept
HANA	I-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
Platform	I-General_Concept
for	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Device
and	O
iPad	B-Device
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2019	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
announced	O
a	O
three-year	O
partnership	O
"	O
Embrace	O
"	O
with	O
Microsoft	O
that	O
should	O
allow	O
its	O
clients	O
to	O
move	O
their	O
business	O
process	O
into	O
the	O
cloud	B-Architecture
,	O
although	O
significant	O
portions	O
of	O
that	O
partnership	O
were	O
reduced	O
to	O
two	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2020	O
SAP	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
together	O
with	O
Wipro	O
it	O
will	O
co-develop	O
and	O
market	O
"	O
solutions	O
for	O
the	O
retail	O
and	O
fashion	O
industry.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
SAP	B-Application
uses	O
a	O
two-tier	O
structure	O
of	O
boards	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
executive	O
board	O
and	O
a	O
supervisory	O
board	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2019	O
,	O
Jennifer	O
Morgan	O
and	O
Christian	O
Klein	O
were	O
appointed	O
as	O
co-CEOs	O
of	O
SAP	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2020	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
Jennifer	O
Morgan	O
will	O
leave	O
SAP	B-Application
and	O
Christian	O
Klein	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
operate	O
as	O
the	O
sole	O
CEO	O
,	O
citing	O
that	O
the	O
current	O
environment	O
of	O
the	O
COVID-19	O
recession	O
requires	O
"	O
companies	O
to	O
take	O
swift	O
,	O
determined	O
action	O
which	O
is	O
best	O
supported	O
by	O
a	O
very	O
clear	O
leadership	O
structure	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2022	O
,	O
45	O
employee	O
representatives	O
were	O
elected	O
to	O
the	O
SAP	B-Application
SE	I-Application
Works	O
Council	O
,	O
including	O
15	O
candidates	O
from	O
the	O
Ver.di	O
and	O
IG	O
Metall	O
trade	O
union	O
lists	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SAP	B-Application
Labs	O
are	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
locations	O
that	O
develop	O
and	O
improve	O
SAP	B-Application
core	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SAP	B-Application
Labs	O
are	O
strategically	O
located	O
in	O
high-tech	O
clusters	O
around	O
the	O
globe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
four	O
most	O
prominent	O
labs	O
of	O
SAP	B-Application
SE	I-Application
are	O
located	O
in	O
Germany	O
,	O
Japan	O
,	O
Israel	O
and	O
the	O
US	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Labs	O
Walldorf	O
was	O
founded	O
in	O
1972	O
and	O
became	O
SAP	B-Application
's	O
primary	O
location	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
beginning	O
,	O
the	O
focus	O
of	O
SAP	B-Application
's	O
expansion	O
was	O
entering	O
highly	O
developed	O
IT	O
markets	O
;	O
in	O
1993	O
,	O
Palo	O
Alto	O
became	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
SAP	B-Application
Labs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aiming	O
to	O
acquire	O
talented	O
employees	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
opened	O
another	O
lab	O
in	O
Bangalore	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SAP	B-Application
Labs	O
in	O
Czech	O
Republic	O
,	O
Slovakia	O
and	O
Poland	O
were	O
established	O
in	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
lab	O
in	O
India	O
is	O
SAP	B-Application
's	O
largest	O
outside	O
Germany	O
as	O
of	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
manage	O
SAP	B-Application
Labs	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
Labs	O
Network	O
(	O
SLN	O
)	O
was	O
created	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
coordinates	O
and	O
distributes	O
development	O
projects	O
among	O
individual	O
SAP	B-Application
Labs	O
locations	O
,	O
accelerates	O
product	O
delivery	O
,	O
gives	O
SAP	B-Application
full	O
access	O
to	O
talent	O
,	O
and	O
drives	O
SAP	B-Application
corporate	O
strategy	O
regarding	O
innovation	O
and	O
business	O
growth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SAP	B-Application
has	O
donated	O
several	O
millions	O
of	O
dollars	O
to	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
global	O
health	O
causes	O
including	O
the	O
Product	O
Red	O
campaign	O
and	O
the	O
Global	O
Fund	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
has	O
distributed	O
free	O
software	O
in	O
South	O
Africa	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
an	O
effort	O
towards	O
developing	O
future	O
markets	O
there	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SAP	B-Application
employees	O
have	O
volunteered	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
India	O
,	O
Brazil	O
,	O
and	O
South	O
Africa	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2021	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
admitted	O
in	O
a	O
United	O
States	O
court	O
that	O
it	O
exported	O
software	O
to	O
firms	O
in	O
Iran	O
,	O
contrary	O
to	O
US	O
sanctions	O
against	O
Iran	O
,	O
which	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
fine	O
of	O
$8	O
million	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2019	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
was	O
accused	O
of	O
'	O
improper	O
conduct	O
 '	O
linked	O
to	O
state	O
contracts	O
in	O
Kenya	O
and	O
Tanzania	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
anonymous	O
whistle-blower	O
claims	O
,	O
through	O
a	O
firm	O
of	O
attorneys	O
,	O
that	O
SAP	B-Application
used	O
Twenty	O
Third	O
Century	O
Systems	O
(	O
TTCS	O
)	O
to	O
bribe	O
officials	O
at	O
the	O
Tanzania	O
Ports	O
Authority	O
(	O
TPA	O
)	O
to	O
win	O
a	O
US	O
$6.6	O
million	O
enterprise	O
resource	O
planning	O
software	O
tender	O
that	O
involved	O
the	O
provision	O
of	O
software	O
licenses	O
and	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2017	O
,	O
allegations	O
were	O
made	O
that	O
SAP	B-Application
had	O
been	O
involved	O
in	O
business	O
transactions	O
with	O
the	O
controversial	O
and	O
politically	O
influential	O
Gupta	O
family	O
in	O
South	O
Africa	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SAP	B-Application
was	O
accused	O
of	O
paying	O
CAD	O
House	O
,	O
a	O
Gupta-controlled	O
company	O
,	O
R100million	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
secure	O
a	O
Transnet	O
deal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SAP	B-Application
denied	O
the	O
allegations	O
,	O
claiming	O
that	O
the	O
money	O
was	O
paid	O
as	O
"	O
an	O
extension	O
of	O
the	O
sales	O
force	O
"	O
,	O
despite	O
CAD	O
House	O
having	O
no	O
prior	O
SAP	B-Application
experience	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Guptas	O
 '	O
dealings	O
with	O
SAP	B-Application
were	O
revealed	O
in	O
a	O
widely	O
publicized	O
e-mail	O
leak	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
the	O
allegations	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
launched	O
an	O
investigation	O
that	O
led	O
to	O
four	O
of	O
its	O
South	O
African	O
managers	O
being	O
placed	O
on	O
administrative	O
leave	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
seizure	O
of	O
their	O
mobile	O
phones	O
and	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
26	O
October	O
2017	O
,	O
SAP	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
it	O
had	O
voluntarily	O
reported	O
itself	O
to	O
the	O
U.S.	O
Securities	O
and	O
Exchange	O
Commission	O
(	O
SEC	O
)	O
for	O
a	O
possible	O
violation	O
of	O
US	O
law	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Foreign	O
Corrupt	O
Practices	O
Act	O
(	O
FCPA	O
)	O
,	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
South	O
African	O
bribery	O
allegations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SAP	B-Application
's	O
own	O
investigation	O
,	O
conducted	O
by	O
law	O
firm	O
Baker	O
McKenzie	O
,	O
revealed	O
that	O
SAP	B-Application
had	O
paid	O
$7.7	O
million	O
in	O
commissions	O
to	O
third-parties	O
linked	O
to	O
the	O
Gupta	O
family	O
while	O
securing	O
contracts	O
worth	O
$48million	O
with	O
Transnet	O
and	O
Eskom	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2018	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
an	O
ongoing	O
court	O
battle	O
,	O
Teradata	O
accused	O
SAP	B-Application
of	O
IP	O
theft	O
and	O
fraudulent	O
behaviour	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2021	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
German	O
weekly	O
news	O
magazine	O
Der	O
Spiegel	O
,	O
additional	O
claims	O
were	O
made	O
of	O
questionable	O
behaviour	O
with	O
regards	O
to	O
SAP	B-Application
's	O
funding	O
of	O
researchers	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Mannheim	O
-	O
who	O
were	O
in	O
effect	O
paid	O
by	O
SAP	B-Application
to	O
investigate	O
competitors	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
later	O
article	O
,	O
Der	O
Spiegel	O
magazine	O
maintained	O
that	O
SAP	B-Application
had	O
been	O
neglectful	O
in	O
maintaining	O
strict	O
governance	O
for	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
female	O
executives	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Co-CEO	O
left	O
the	O
company	O
,	O
adding	O
to	O
concerns	O
that	O
women	O
were	O
negatively	O
treated	O
,	O
despite	O
SAP	B-Application
then	O
hiring	O
several	O
other	O
senior	O
women	O
from	O
Microsoft	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
employee	O
claimed	O
she	O
was	O
made	O
redundant	O
because	O
she	O
lobbied	O
for	O
more	O
diversity	O
at	O
SAP	B-Application
.	O
</s>
