<s>
RuleML	B-Language
is	O
a	O
global	O
initiative	O
,	O
led	O
by	O
a	O
non-profit	O
organization	O
RuleML	B-Language
Inc.	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
devoted	O
to	O
advancing	O
research	O
and	O
industry	O
standards	O
design	O
activities	O
in	O
the	O
technical	O
area	O
of	O
rules	O
that	O
are	O
semantic	O
and	O
highly	O
inter-operable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
standards	O
design	O
takes	O
the	O
form	O
primarily	O
of	O
a	O
markup	O
language	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
RuleML	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
research	O
activities	O
include	O
an	O
annual	O
research	O
conference	O
,	O
the	O
RuleML	B-Language
Symposium	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
RuleML	B-Language
for	O
short	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Founded	O
in	O
fall	O
2000	O
by	O
Harold	O
Boley	O
,	O
Benjamin	O
Grosof	O
,	O
and	O
Said	O
Tabet	O
,	O
RuleML	B-Language
was	O
originally	O
devoted	O
purely	O
to	O
standards	O
design	O
,	O
but	O
then	O
quickly	O
branched	O
out	O
into	O
the	O
related	O
activities	O
of	O
coordinating	O
research	O
and	O
organizing	O
an	O
annual	O
research	O
conference	O
starting	O
in	O
2002	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
M	O
in	O
RuleML	B-Language
is	O
sometimes	O
interpreted	O
as	O
standing	O
for	O
Markup	O
and	O
Modeling	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
markup	O
language	O
was	O
developed	O
to	O
express	O
both	O
forward	O
(	O
bottom-up	O
)	O
and	O
backward	O
(	O
top-down	O
)	O
rules	O
in	O
XML	B-Protocol
for	O
deduction	O
,	O
rewriting	O
,	O
and	O
further	O
inferential-transformational	O
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
defined	O
by	O
the	O
Rule	O
Markup	O
Initiative	O
,	O
an	O
open	O
network	O
of	O
individuals	O
and	O
groups	O
from	O
both	O
industry	O
and	O
academia	O
that	O
was	O
formed	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
canonical	O
Web	O
language	O
for	O
rules	O
using	O
XML	B-Protocol
markup	O
and	O
transformations	O
from	O
and	O
to	O
other	O
rule	O
standards/systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Markup	O
standards	O
and	O
initiatives	O
related	O
to	O
RuleML	B-Language
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Rule	B-Language
Interchange	I-Language
Format	I-Language
(	O
RIF	B-Language
)	O
:	O
The	O
design	O
and	O
overall	O
purpose	O
of	O
W3C	O
's	O
Rule	B-Language
Interchange	I-Language
Format	I-Language
(	O
RIF	B-Language
)	O
industry	O
standard	O
is	O
based	O
primarily	O
on	O
the	O
RuleML	B-Language
industry	O
standards	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
RuleML	B-Language
,	O
RIF	B-Language
embraces	O
a	O
multiplicity	O
of	O
potentially	O
useful	O
rule	O
dialects	O
that	O
nevertheless	O
share	O
common	O
characteristics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
from	O
Oasis-Open	O
:	O
An	O
industry	O
standards	O
effort	O
devoted	O
to	O
legal	O
automation	O
utilizing	O
RuleML	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Semantic	B-Language
Web	I-Language
Rule	I-Language
Language	I-Language
(	O
SWRL	B-Language
)	O
:	O
An	O
industry	O
standards	O
design	O
,	O
based	O
primarily	O
on	O
an	O
early	O
version	O
of	O
RuleML	B-Language
,	O
whose	O
development	O
was	O
funded	O
in	O
part	O
by	O
the	O
DARPA	B-Language
Agent	I-Language
Markup	I-Language
Language	I-Language
(	O
DAML	B-Language
)	O
research	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
particularly	O
its	O
:	O
An	O
industry	O
standards	O
design	O
,	O
based	O
primarily	O
on	O
a	O
medium-mature	O
version	O
of	O
RuleML	B-Language
,	O
whose	O
development	O
was	O
funded	O
in	O
part	O
by	O
the	O
DARPA	B-Language
Agent	I-Language
Markup	I-Language
Language	I-Language
(	O
DAML	B-Language
)	O
research	O
program	O
and	O
the	O
WSMO	O
research	O
effort	O
of	O
the	O
EU	O
.	O
</s>
