<s>
Rubidium-82	B-Algorithm
(	O
82Rb	B-Algorithm
)	O
is	O
a	O
radioactive	O
isotope	O
of	O
rubidium	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
82Rb	B-Algorithm
is	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
myocardial	O
perfusion	O
imaging	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
isotope	O
undergoes	O
rapid	O
uptake	O
by	O
myocardiocytes	O
,	O
which	O
makes	O
it	O
a	O
valuable	O
tool	O
for	O
identifying	O
myocardial	O
ischemia	O
in	O
Positron	B-Application
Emission	I-Application
Tomography	I-Application
(	O
PET	O
)	O
imaging	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
82Rb	B-Algorithm
is	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
pharmaceutical	O
industry	O
and	O
is	O
marketed	O
as	O
Rubidium-82	B-Algorithm
chloride	O
under	O
the	O
trade	O
names	O
RUBY-FILL	O
and	O
CardioGen-82	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
compared	O
several	O
ion-exchange	O
columns	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
an	O
automated	O
82Sr/82Rb	O
generator	O
for	O
clinical	O
testing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Around	O
1980	O
,	O
pre-clinical	O
trials	O
began	O
using	O
82Rb	B-Algorithm
in	O
PET	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
examined	O
the	O
relation	O
between	O
myocardial	O
perfusion	O
and	O
rubidium-82	B-Algorithm
uptake	O
during	O
acute	O
ischemia	O
in	O
six	O
dogs	O
after	O
coronary	O
stenosis	O
and	O
in	O
five	O
volunteers	O
and	O
five	O
patients	O
with	O
coronary	O
artery	O
disease	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Myocardial	O
tomograms	B-Algorithm
,	O
recorded	O
at	O
rest	O
and	O
after	O
exercise	O
in	O
the	O
volunteers	O
showed	O
homogeneous	O
uptake	O
in	O
reproducible	O
and	O
repeatable	O
scans	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rubidium-82	B-Algorithm
has	O
shown	O
considerable	O
accuracy	O
,	O
comparable	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
99mTc-SPECT	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1989	O
,	O
the	O
FDA	O
approved	O
the	O
82Rb/82Sr	O
generator	O
for	O
commercial	O
use	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	O
With	O
increased	O
82Sr	O
production	O
capabilities	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
82Rb	B-Algorithm
has	O
increased	O
over	O
the	O
last	O
10	O
years	O
and	O
is	O
now	O
approved	O
by	O
several	O
health	O
authorities	O
worldwide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rubidium-82	B-Algorithm
is	O
produced	O
through	O
beta	O
plus	O
decay	O
from	O
its	O
parent	O
nucleus	O
,	O
strontium-82	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
amount	O
(	O
millicuries	O
)	O
of	O
82Rb	B-Algorithm
obtained	O
in	O
each	O
elution	O
will	O
depend	O
on	O
the	O
potency	O
of	O
the	O
generator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
82Rb	B-Algorithm
has	O
activity	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
a	O
potassium	O
ion	O
(	O
K+	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
tested	O
clinically	O
,	O
82Rb	B-Algorithm
is	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
myocardium	O
within	O
the	O
first	O
minute	O
of	O
intravenous	O
injection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
affected	O
areas	O
will	O
be	O
shown	O
as	O
photon	O
deficient	O
on	O
the	O
PET	B-Application
scan	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
82Rb	B-Algorithm
passes	O
through	O
the	O
entire	O
body	O
on	O
the	O
first	O
pass	O
of	O
circulation	O
and	O
has	O
visible	O
uptake	O
in	O
organs	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
kidney	O
,	O
liver	O
,	O
spleen	O
and	O
lung	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
82Rb	B-Algorithm
is	O
capable	O
of	O
producing	O
a	O
clear	O
perfusion	O
image	O
similar	O
to	O
single	O
photon	O
emission	O
computed	O
tomography(SPECT )	O
-MPI	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
an	O
extractable	O
tracer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Importantly	O
,	O
82Rb	B-Algorithm
PET	O
also	O
seems	O
to	O
provide	O
prognostic	O
value	O
in	O
patients	O
who	O
are	O
obese	O
and	O
whose	O
diagnosis	O
remains	O
uncertain	O
after	O
SPECT-MPI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
82Rb	B-Algorithm
myocardial	O
blood	O
flow	O
quantification	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
multivessel	O
coronary	O
heart	O
disease	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
82Rb/PET	O
is	O
a	O
valuable	O
tool	O
in	O
ischemia	O
identification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
82Rb/PET	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
quantify	O
the	O
myocardial	O
flow	O
reserve	O
in	O
the	O
ventricles	O
which	O
then	O
allows	O
the	O
medical	O
professional	O
to	O
make	O
an	O
accurate	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
prognosis	O
of	O
the	O
patient	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Various	O
vasoreactivity	O
studies	O
are	O
made	O
possible	O
through	O
82Rb/PET	O
imaging	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
quantification	O
of	O
myocardial	O
blood	O
flow	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Recently	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
that	O
neuroendocrine	O
tumor	O
metastasis	O
can	O
be	O
imaged	O
with	O
82Rb	B-Algorithm
due	O
to	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
quantify	O
myocardial	O
blood	O
flow	O
(	O
MBF	O
)	O
during	O
rest	O
and	O
pharmacological	O
stress	O
,	O
commonly	O
performed	O
with	O
adenosine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
advantages	O
of	O
82Rb	B-Algorithm
is	O
its	O
availability	O
in	O
nuclear	O
medicine	O
departments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
advantage	O
of	O
82Rb	B-Algorithm
would	O
be	O
its	O
high	O
count	O
density	O
in	O
myocardial	O
tissue	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
82Rb/PET	O
has	O
shown	O
greater	O
uniformity	O
and	O
count	O
density	O
than	O
99mTc-SPECT	O
when	O
examining	O
the	O
myocardium	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
82Rb	B-Algorithm
also	O
has	O
an	O
advantage	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
very	O
short	O
half-life	O
which	O
results	O
in	O
much	O
lower	O
radiation	O
exposure	O
for	O
the	O
patient	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
patients	O
,	O
82Rb	B-Algorithm
is	O
beneficial	O
to	O
use	O
when	O
the	O
patient	O
is	O
obese	O
or	O
physically	O
unable	O
to	O
perform	O
a	O
stress	O
test	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
serious	O
limitation	O
of	O
82Rb	B-Algorithm
would	O
be	O
its	O
cost	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Currently	O
99mTc	O
costs	O
on	O
average	O
$70	O
per	O
dose	O
,	O
needing	O
two	O
doses	O
;	O
whereas	O
82Rb	B-Algorithm
costs	O
about	O
$250	O
a	O
dose	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
limitation	O
of	O
this	O
isotope	O
is	O
that	O
it	O
needs	O
a	O
dedicated	O
PET/CT	O
camera	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
places	O
like	O
Europe	O
where	O
a	O
82Sr/82Rb	O
generator	O
is	O
still	O
yet	O
to	O
be	O
approved	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
hard	O
to	O
find	O
.	O
</s>
