<s>
Rogue	B-Application
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Rogue	B-Application
:	O
Exploring	O
the	O
Dungeons	O
of	O
Doom	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
dungeon	O
crawling	O
video	O
game	O
by	O
Michael	B-Application
Toy	I-Application
and	O
Glenn	O
Wichman	O
with	O
later	O
contributions	O
by	O
Ken	O
Arnold	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rogue	B-Application
was	O
originally	O
developed	O
around	O
1980	O
for	O
Unix-based	O
minicomputer	O
systems	O
as	O
a	O
freely	O
distributed	O
executable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
later	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
official	O
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Distribution	I-Operating_System
4.2	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
(	O
4.2BSD	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Rogue	B-Application
,	O
players	O
control	O
a	O
character	O
as	O
they	O
explore	O
several	O
levels	O
of	O
a	O
dungeon	O
seeking	O
the	O
Amulet	B-Application
of	I-Application
Yendor	I-Application
located	O
in	O
the	O
dungeon	O
's	O
lowest	O
level	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
player-character	O
must	O
fend	O
off	O
an	O
array	O
of	O
monsters	B-Application
that	O
roam	O
the	O
dungeons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rogue	B-Application
is	O
turn-based	O
,	O
taking	O
place	O
on	O
a	O
square	O
grid	O
represented	O
in	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
or	O
other	O
fixed	O
character	O
set	O
,	O
allowing	O
players	O
to	O
have	O
time	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
best	O
move	O
to	O
survive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rogue	B-Application
implements	O
permadeath	B-Application
as	O
a	O
design	O
choice	O
to	O
make	O
each	O
action	O
by	O
the	O
player	O
should	O
one	O
's	O
player-character	O
lose	O
all	O
his	O
health	O
via	O
combat	O
or	O
other	O
means	O
,	O
that	O
player-character	O
is	O
simply	O
dead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moreover	O
,	O
no	O
game	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
any	O
previous	O
one	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
dungeon	O
levels	O
,	O
monster	B-Application
encounters	O
,	O
and	O
treasures	O
are	O
procedurally	O
generated	O
for	O
each	O
playthrough	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rogue	B-Application
was	O
inspired	O
by	O
text-based	B-Application
computer	O
games	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
1971	O
Star	B-Application
Trek	I-Application
game	O
and	O
Colossal	B-Application
Cave	I-Application
Adventure	I-Application
released	O
in	O
1976	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
high	O
fantasy	B-Application
setting	O
from	O
Dungeons	O
&	O
Dragons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Toy	O
and	O
Wichman	O
,	O
both	O
students	O
at	O
University	O
of	O
California	O
,	O
Santa	O
Cruz	O
,	O
worked	O
together	O
to	O
create	O
their	O
own	O
text-based	B-Application
game	O
but	O
looked	O
to	O
incorporate	O
elements	O
of	O
procedural	O
generation	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
new	O
experience	O
each	O
time	O
the	O
user	O
played	O
the	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Toy	O
later	O
worked	O
at	O
University	O
of	O
California	O
,	O
Berkeley	O
where	O
he	O
met	O
Arnold	O
,	O
the	O
lead	O
developer	O
of	O
the	O
curses	B-Device
programming	I-Device
library	I-Device
that	O
Rogue	B-Application
was	O
dependent	O
on	O
to	O
mimic	O
a	O
graphical	O
display	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rogue	B-Application
became	O
popular	O
in	O
the	O
1980s	O
among	O
college	O
students	O
and	O
other	O
computer-savvy	O
users	O
in	O
part	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
inclusion	O
in	O
4.2BSD	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
inspired	O
programmers	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
similar	O
titles	O
such	O
as	O
Hack	B-Application
(	O
1982/1984	O
)	O
and	O
Moria	B-Device
(	O
1983	O
)	O
,	O
though	O
as	O
Toy	O
,	O
Wichman	O
,	O
and	O
Arnold	O
had	O
not	O
released	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
at	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
these	O
new	O
games	O
introduced	O
different	O
variations	O
atop	O
Rogue	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
Rogue	B-Application
was	O
not	O
the	O
first	O
dungeon-crawling	O
game	O
with	O
procedural	O
generation	O
features	O
,	O
it	O
introduced	O
the	O
subgenre	O
of	O
roguelike	O
RPG	O
procedurally	O
generated	O
dungeon	O
crawlers	O
with	O
Dungeons-and-Dragons-like	O
items	O
(	O
armor	O
,	O
weapons	O
,	O
potions	O
,	O
and	O
magic	O
scrolls	O
)	O
that	O
also	O
had	O
permadeath	B-Application
(	O
permanent	B-Application
death	I-Application
)	O
and	O
an	O
overhead	O
graphical	O
albeit	O
via	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
drawings	O
,	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
text	O
descriptions	O
in	O
natural	O
language	O
such	O
as	O
in	O
Adventure/Colossal	B-Application
Cave	I-Application
and	O
the	O
original	O
Zork	B-Application
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Rogue	B-Application
,	O
the	O
player	O
assumes	O
the	O
typical	O
role	O
of	O
an	O
adventurer	O
of	O
early	O
fantasy	B-Application
role-playing	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
starts	O
at	O
the	O
uppermost	O
level	O
of	O
an	O
unmapped	O
dungeon	O
with	O
myriad	O
monsters	B-Application
and	O
treasures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
goal	O
is	O
to	O
fight	O
one	O
's	O
way	O
to	O
the	O
bottom	O
level	O
,	O
retrieve	O
the	O
Amulet	B-Application
of	I-Application
Yendor	I-Application
(	O
"	O
Rodney	O
"	O
spelled	O
backwards	O
)	O
,	O
then	O
ascend	O
to	O
the	O
surface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Monsters	B-Application
in	O
the	O
levels	O
become	O
progressively	O
more	O
difficult	O
to	O
defeat	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
original	O
text-based	B-Application
versions	O
,	O
all	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
dungeon	O
,	O
the	O
player	O
character	O
,	O
and	O
monsters	B-Application
,	O
are	O
represented	O
by	O
letters	O
and	O
symbols	O
within	O
the	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
character	I-Protocol
set	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Monsters	B-Application
are	O
represented	O
by	O
capital	O
letters	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
Z	O
,	O
for	O
zombie	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
accordingly	O
there	O
are	O
twenty-six	O
varieties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
type	O
of	O
display	O
makes	O
it	O
appropriate	O
for	O
a	O
non-graphical	B-General_Concept
terminal	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
ports	O
of	O
Rogue	B-Application
apply	O
extended	B-Protocol
character	I-Protocol
sets	I-Protocol
to	O
the	O
text	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
or	O
replace	O
it	O
with	O
graphical	B-Application
tiles	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
basic	O
movement	B-Device
keys	I-Device
(	O
h	O
,	O
left	O
;	O
j	O
,	O
down	O
;	O
k	O
,	O
up	O
;	O
and	O
l	O
,	O
right	O
)	O
are	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
cursor	B-Application
control	O
keys	O
in	O
the	O
vi	B-Application
editor	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
DOS	B-Device
version	O
,	O
the	O
cursor	B-Device
keys	I-Device
specify	O
movement	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
fast-move	O
keys	O
(	O
H	O
,	O
J	O
,	O
K	O
,	O
and	O
L	O
)	O
are	O
supplanted	O
by	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
scroll	B-Device
lock	I-Device
key	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lower	O
levels	O
can	O
also	O
include	O
a	O
maze	B-Application
in	O
place	O
of	O
a	O
room	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
most	O
adventure	B-Application
games	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
design	O
,	O
the	O
dungeon	O
layout	O
and	O
the	O
placement	O
of	O
objects	O
within	O
are	O
randomly	B-Algorithm
generated	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concept	O
of	O
Rogue	B-Application
originated	O
with	O
Michael	B-Application
Toy	I-Application
and	O
Glenn	O
Wichman	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Toy	O
took	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
text-based	B-Application
Star	B-Application
Trek	I-Application
game	O
(	O
1971	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
represented	O
space	O
combat	O
through	O
characters	O
on	O
screen	O
,	O
and	O
required	O
players	O
to	O
make	O
strategic	O
decisions	O
each	O
turn	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Toy	O
took	O
to	O
learn	O
programming	O
and	O
recreate	O
this	O
game	O
on	O
other	O
computer	O
systems	O
that	O
he	O
could	O
access	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Processor	O
Technology	O
Sol-20	B-Architecture
and	O
the	O
Atari	O
400	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Working	O
first	O
on	O
UCSC	O
's	O
PDP-11	B-Device
and	O
then	O
its	O
VAX-11	O
,	O
Toy	O
began	O
exploring	O
what	O
games	O
were	O
available	O
over	O
ARPANET	O
,	O
the	O
predecessor	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
game	O
that	O
intrigued	O
him	O
was	O
Colossal	B-Application
Cave	I-Application
Adventure	I-Application
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Adventure	B-Application
)	O
(	O
1976	O
)	O
by	O
William	O
Crowther	O
and	O
Don	O
Woods	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adventure	B-Application
,	O
considered	O
the	O
first	O
text-based	B-Application
adventure	B-Application
game	O
,	O
challenged	O
the	O
player	O
to	O
explore	O
a	O
cave	O
system	O
through	O
descriptions	O
given	O
by	O
the	O
computer	O
and	O
commands	O
issued	O
by	O
the	O
player	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Toy	O
soon	O
met	O
Wichman	O
,	O
another	O
student	O
at	O
UCSC	O
who	O
was	O
also	O
writing	O
his	O
own	O
adventure	B-Application
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
two	O
became	O
friends	O
,	O
shared	O
an	O
apartment	O
,	O
and	O
challenged	O
each	O
other	O
with	O
their	O
own	O
adventure	B-Application
game	O
creations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Toy	O
and	O
Wichman	O
soon	O
found	O
that	O
most	O
adventure	B-Application
games	O
suffered	O
from	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
replayability	O
,	O
in	O
that	O
the	O
game	O
did	O
not	O
change	O
on	O
separate	O
playthroughs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1980	O
,	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
Unix	I-Operating_System
had	O
started	O
to	O
gain	O
a	O
foothold	O
as	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
for	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
California	O
's	O
campuses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
element	O
of	O
the	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
distribution	O
at	O
this	O
point	O
included	O
the	O
curses	B-Device
programming	I-Device
library	I-Device
by	O
Ken	O
Arnold	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
curses	B-Device
enabled	O
a	O
programmer	O
to	O
place	O
characters	O
at	O
any	O
point	O
on	O
a	O
terminal	O
,	O
effectively	O
allowing	O
for	O
"	O
graphical	O
"	O
interfaces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
crafting	O
a	O
few	O
games	O
using	O
curses	B-Device
to	O
learn	O
the	O
library	O
,	O
they	O
came	O
up	O
with	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
an	O
adventure	B-Application
game	O
in	O
the	O
flavor	O
of	O
Dungeons	O
&	O
Dragons	O
,	O
but	O
,	O
to	O
address	O
their	O
concerns	O
with	O
the	O
static	O
nature	O
of	O
adventure	B-Application
games	O
,	O
wanted	O
to	O
include	O
elements	O
that	O
would	O
change	O
every	O
time	O
the	O
game	O
was	O
played	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
two	O
came	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
narrative	O
,	O
that	O
of	O
an	O
adventurer	O
setting	O
out	O
to	O
explore	O
and	O
find	O
treasures	O
in	O
the	O
Dungeons	O
of	O
Doom	O
,	O
specifically	O
the	O
Amulet	B-Application
of	I-Application
Yendor	I-Application
(	O
a	O
renowned	O
wizard	O
in	O
the	O
game	O
whose	O
name	O
is	O
derived	O
from	O
"	O
Rodney	O
"	O
spelled	O
backwards	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wichman	O
came	O
up	O
with	O
the	O
name	O
Rogue	B-Application
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
idea	O
that	O
unlike	O
the	O
party-based	O
systems	O
of	O
Dungeons	O
&	O
Dragons	O
,	O
the	O
player	O
's	O
character	O
was	O
going	O
at	O
this	O
alone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
Toy	O
was	O
more	O
proficient	O
at	O
programming	O
,	O
he	O
led	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
in	O
the	O
C	B-Language
language	I-Language
,	O
which	O
generally	O
produced	O
fast	O
,	O
effective	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Limited	O
by	O
choices	O
of	O
what	O
a	O
terminal	O
could	O
display	O
,	O
they	O
stuck	O
to	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
characters	I-Protocol
,	O
such	O
as	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
they	O
could	O
have	O
their	O
character	O
move	O
about	O
these	O
randomly	O
created	O
dungeons	O
,	O
they	O
added	O
equipment	O
,	O
magic	O
items	O
,	O
and	O
monsters	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
monsters	B-Application
,	O
they	O
wanted	O
to	O
have	O
more	O
advanced	O
intelligence	O
routines	O
as	O
the	O
player	O
got	O
deeper	O
in	O
the	O
dungeons	O
,	O
but	O
had	O
started	O
running	O
into	O
memory	O
limits	O
on	O
the	O
VAX-11	O
,	O
and	O
simply	O
made	O
the	O
monsters	B-Application
stronger	O
with	O
more	O
health	O
to	O
pose	O
more	O
of	O
a	O
challenge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
element	O
that	O
fell	O
out	O
from	O
playtesting	O
was	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
permadeath	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Toy	O
wanted	O
to	O
move	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
notion	O
of	O
simply	O
learning	O
the	O
right	O
sequence	O
of	O
steps	O
to	O
complete	O
within	O
adventure	B-Application
games	O
,	O
and	O
instead	O
make	O
the	O
player	O
focus	O
on	O
finding	O
the	O
right	O
moves	O
to	O
avoid	O
the	O
character	O
's	O
death	O
at	O
that	O
moment	O
;	O
Wichman	O
later	O
called	O
this	O
idea	O
"	O
consequence	O
persistence	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
,	O
a	O
Rogue	B-Application
game	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
completed	O
in	O
one	O
sitting	O
,	O
but	O
by	O
demand	O
of	O
playtesters	O
,	O
Toy	O
and	O
Wichman	O
added	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
save	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
players	O
could	O
continue	O
a	O
game	O
across	O
sessions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
subsequently	O
added	O
a	O
scoreboard	O
feature	O
that	O
let	O
players	O
rank	O
their	O
progress	O
with	O
others	O
,	O
rewarding	O
players	O
with	O
more	O
points	O
for	O
surviving	O
as	O
deep	O
as	O
possible	O
into	O
the	O
dungeons	O
and	O
making	O
the	O
Amulet	B-Application
of	I-Application
Yendor	I-Application
a	O
lucrative	O
goal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Around	O
1982	O
,	O
Toy	O
's	O
attention	O
to	O
Rogue	B-Application
and	O
computer	O
games	O
caused	O
him	O
to	O
suffer	O
poor	O
academic	O
performance	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
kicked	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
school	O
,	O
shortly	O
finding	O
employment	O
at	O
University	O
of	O
California	O
,	O
Berkeley	O
(	O
UCB	O
)	O
in	O
their	O
computer	O
lab	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Toy	O
took	O
the	O
Rogue	B-Application
code	O
with	O
him	O
to	O
continue	O
its	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wichman	O
,	O
still	O
enrolled	O
at	O
UCSC	O
,	O
continued	O
to	O
help	O
develop	O
Rogue	B-Application
for	O
a	O
time	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
adding	O
armor	O
elements	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
logistics	O
of	O
working	O
over	O
the	O
distance	O
made	O
it	O
difficult	O
for	O
him	O
to	O
keep	O
up	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
let	O
Toy	O
fully	O
take	O
over	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
Toy	O
's	O
arrival	O
at	O
UCB	O
,	O
Ken	O
Arnold	O
had	O
gotten	O
to	O
play	O
Rogue	B-Application
,	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
distributed	O
as	O
an	O
executable	O
across	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
UC	O
campuses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
impressed	O
with	O
the	O
game	O
,	O
he	O
expressed	O
frustration	O
at	O
the	O
inefficient	O
means	O
the	O
game	O
updated	O
the	O
screen	O
via	O
his	O
curses	B-Device
library	O
over	O
a	O
modem	B-Application
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Toy	O
arrived	O
at	O
UCB	O
in	O
1982	O
,	O
he	O
sought	O
out	O
Arnold	O
to	O
get	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
how	O
the	O
curses	B-Device
library	O
worked	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
two	O
got	O
to	O
know	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
Toy	O
allowed	O
him	O
access	O
to	O
Rogues	B-Application
source	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
its	O
popularity	O
on	O
the	O
UCB	O
servers	O
,	O
Rogue	B-Application
was	O
selected	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
titles	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
1983	O
distribution	O
of	O
4.2	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
spread	O
across	O
ARPANET	O
and	O
quickly	O
gained	O
popularity	O
among	O
colleges	O
and	O
facilities	O
with	O
access	O
to	O
this	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Among	O
its	O
fans	O
included	O
UNIX	B-Application
's	O
co-developer	O
Ken	O
Thompson	O
working	O
at	O
Bell	O
Labs	O
;	O
Dennis	O
Ritchie	O
had	O
joked	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
that	O
Rogue	B-Application
was	O
"	O
the	O
biggest	O
waste	O
of	O
CPU	O
cycles	O
in	O
history	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rogues	B-Application
distribution	O
in	O
4.2	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
did	O
not	O
include	O
its	O
source	O
code	O
,	O
so	O
after	O
Toy	O
and	O
Arnold	O
separately	O
left	O
UCB	O
,	O
they	O
took	O
the	O
code	O
with	O
them	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
difficult	O
for	O
anyone	O
to	O
build	O
off	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rogue	B-Application
source	O
was	O
eventually	O
added	O
under	O
a	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
software	I-Operating_System
license	I-Operating_System
within	O
4.3	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
in	O
1986	O
,	O
putting	O
it	O
into	O
the	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Toy	O
left	O
UCB	O
sometime	O
before	O
1984	O
and	O
took	O
a	O
consulting	O
position	O
with	O
Olivetti	O
,	O
an	O
Italian	O
typewriter	O
company	O
that	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
were	O
starting	O
development	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
computer	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
Personal	I-Device
Computer	I-Device
(	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
)	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lane	O
had	O
previously	O
seen	O
the	O
popularity	O
of	O
Rogue	B-Application
among	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
location	O
he	O
managed	O
and	O
had	O
played	O
the	O
game	O
himself	O
along	O
with	O
Ritchie	O
's	O
observations	O
on	O
Rogue	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Upon	O
meeting	O
Toy	O
,	O
Lane	O
proposed	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
porting	O
Rogue	B-Application
to	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
as	O
a	O
commercial	O
product	O
,	O
which	O
Toy	O
agreed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
also	O
took	O
steps	O
to	O
avoid	O
potential	O
copyright	O
issues	O
with	O
TSR	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
that	O
owned	O
Dungeons	O
&	O
Dragons	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
by	O
changing	O
the	O
names	O
of	O
monsters	B-Application
like	O
kobolds	O
that	O
were	O
unique	O
to	O
that	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Toy	O
and	O
Lane	O
initially	O
funded	O
the	O
publishing	O
,	O
distribution	O
,	O
and	O
promotion	O
of	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
version	O
themselves	O
,	O
and	O
though	O
they	O
continued	O
to	O
gain	O
sales	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
only	O
able	O
to	O
break	O
even	O
as	O
they	O
lacked	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
a	O
larger	O
distributor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Around	O
1984	O
,	O
Robert	O
Borch	O
,	O
the	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
publishing	O
at	O
Epyx	O
discovered	O
that	O
Rogue	B-Application
had	O
become	O
popular	O
by	O
several	O
of	O
Epyx	O
's	O
employees	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
suggested	O
that	O
Epyx	O
should	O
help	O
fund	O
ports	O
to	O
other	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Design	O
to	O
port	O
the	O
game	O
to	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
and	O
Amiga	B-Device
upon	O
which	O
Epyx	O
would	O
take	O
over	O
distribution	O
and	O
marketing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Toy	O
obtained	O
a	O
Macintosh	B-Device
and	O
took	O
the	O
lead	O
in	O
porting	O
the	O
game	O
to	O
that	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
Toy	O
and	O
Lane	O
recognized	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
implement	O
improved	O
graphics	O
with	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
version	O
,	O
but	O
neither	O
had	O
art	O
skills	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
icons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wichman	O
was	O
initially	O
cautious	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
his	O
credit	O
for	O
Rogue	B-Application
in	O
the	O
PC	O
version	O
had	O
been	O
cast	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
contribution	O
"	O
equal	O
to	O
the	O
UCSC	O
playtesters	O
rather	O
than	O
as	O
equal	O
to	O
Toy	O
,	O
Arnold	O
,	O
or	O
Lane	O
,	O
but	O
ultimately	O
agreed	O
to	O
help	O
and	O
joined	O
A.I.	O
</s>
<s>
Much	O
of	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
version	O
was	O
developed	O
in	O
concert	O
by	O
Toy	O
,	O
Wichman	O
,	O
and	O
Lane	O
in	O
a	O
cabin	O
at	O
the	O
Squaw	O
Valley	O
Ski	O
Resort	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
this	O
,	O
Epyx	O
requested	O
that	O
Wichman	O
lead	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
version	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
company	O
providing	O
Wichman	O
a	O
system	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
work	O
occurred	O
alongside	O
Toy	O
's	O
work	O
on	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wichman	O
enlisted	O
help	O
from	O
an	O
Epyx	O
in-house	O
artist	O
,	O
Michael	O
Kosaka	O
,	O
to	O
create	O
the	O
art	O
on	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Design	O
to	O
port	O
the	O
game	O
to	O
other	O
systems	O
including	O
the	O
TRS-80	B-Device
Color	I-Device
Computer	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Borch	O
recognized	O
the	O
difficulty	O
in	O
marketing	O
Rogue	B-Application
through	O
traditional	O
methods	O
compared	O
to	O
other	O
games	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
opted	O
to	O
push	O
the	O
title	O
through	O
software	O
catalogs	O
rather	O
than	O
retail	O
channels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
it	O
sold	O
well	O
initially	O
,	O
Rogues	B-Application
sales	O
quickly	O
declined	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
considered	O
a	O
commercial	O
flop	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
the	O
competition	O
from	O
more	O
graphically	O
interesting	O
games	O
,	O
Wichman	O
attributed	O
the	O
failure	O
to	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
commercial	O
version	O
of	O
Rogue	B-Application
was	O
essentially	O
the	O
same	O
game	O
previously	O
offered	O
for	O
free	O
via	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
and	O
did	O
not	O
pose	O
a	O
new	O
challenge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
None	O
of	O
Toy	O
,	O
Wichman	O
,	O
Arnold	O
,	O
or	O
Lane	O
profited	O
greatly	O
from	O
Rogue	B-Application
,	O
though	O
they	O
became	O
renowned	O
in	O
the	O
industry	O
for	O
their	O
participation	O
on	O
the	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1988	O
,	O
the	O
budget	O
software	O
publisher	O
Mastertronic	O
released	O
a	O
commercial	O
port	O
of	O
Rogue	B-Application
for	O
the	O
Amstrad	B-Device
CPC	I-Device
,	O
Commodore	O
64	O
,	O
Atari	B-Device
8-bit	I-Device
,	O
and	O
ZX	B-Operating_System
Spectrum	I-Operating_System
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Numerous	O
clones	O
exist	O
for	O
modern	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
such	O
as	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
,	O
Palm	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
OSs	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
even	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
base	O
distribution	O
of	O
NetBSD	B-Device
and	O
DragonflyBSD	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
the	O
input	O
and	O
output	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
game	O
is	O
over	O
a	O
terminal	O
interface	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
relatively	O
easy	O
in	O
Unix	B-Application
to	O
redirect	O
output	O
to	O
another	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
such	O
program	O
,	O
Rog-O-Matic	B-General_Concept
,	O
was	O
developed	O
in	O
1981	O
to	O
play	O
and	O
win	O
the	O
game	O
,	O
by	O
four	O
graduate	O
students	O
in	O
the	O
Computer	O
Science	O
Department	O
at	O
Carnegie-Mellon	O
University	O
in	O
Pittsburgh	O
:	O
Andrew	O
Appel	O
,	O
Leonard	O
Harney	O
,	O
Guy	O
Jacobson	O
and	O
Michael	O
Loren	O
Mauldin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ken	O
Arnold	O
said	O
that	O
he	O
liked	O
to	O
make	O
"	O
sure	O
that	O
every	O
subsequent	O
version	O
of	O
rogue	B-Application
had	O
a	O
new	O
feature	O
in	O
it	O
that	O
broke	O
Rogue-O-Matic	B-General_Concept
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nevertheless	O
,	O
it	O
remains	O
a	O
noted	O
study	O
in	O
expert	B-Application
system	I-Application
design	O
and	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
other	O
game-playing	O
programs	O
,	O
typically	O
called	O
"	O
bots	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
these	O
bots	O
target	O
other	O
roguelikes	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
Angband	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
1984	O
,	O
Jerry	O
Pournelle	O
named	O
the	O
version	O
of	O
Rogue	B-Application
for	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
his	O
"	O
game	O
of	O
the	O
month	O
"	O
,	O
describing	O
it	O
as	O
"	O
a	O
real	O
time	O
trap	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
favorably	O
reviewed	O
Epyx	O
's	O
Amiga	B-Device
version	O
as	O
improving	O
on	O
the	O
text-based	B-Application
original	O
,	O
stating	O
that	O
"	O
the	O
game	O
will	O
give	O
you	O
many	O
hours	O
of	O
gaming	O
fun	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2009	O
,	O
Rogue	B-Application
was	O
named	O
#6	O
on	O
the	O
"	O
Ten	O
Greatest	O
PC	O
Games	O
Ever	O
"	O
list	O
by	O
PC	O
World	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
Rogues	B-Application
popularity	O
at	O
colleges	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1980s	O
,	O
other	O
users	O
sought	O
to	O
expand	O
or	O
create	O
similar	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
as	O
neither	O
Toy	O
,	O
Wichman	O
,	O
nor	O
Arnold	O
released	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
,	O
these	O
efforts	O
generally	O
required	O
the	O
programmers	O
to	O
craft	O
the	O
core	O
game	O
elements	O
from	O
scratch	O
to	O
mimic	O
Rogue	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
there	O
were	O
multiple	O
titles	O
that	O
tried	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
two	O
most	O
significant	O
ones	O
were	O
Moria	B-Device
(	O
1983	O
)	O
and	O
Hack	B-Application
(	O
1982	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
games	O
,	O
which	O
generally	O
feature	O
turn-based	O
exploration	O
and	O
combat	O
in	O
a	O
high	O
fantasy	B-Application
setting	O
in	O
a	O
procedurally	O
generated	O
dungeon	O
and	O
employing	O
permadeath	B-Application
,	O
are	O
named	O
roguelike	O
games	O
in	O
honor	O
of	O
Rogues	B-Application
impact	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
of	O
the	O
graphical	O
interface	O
conventions	O
used	O
in	O
Rogue	B-Application
were	O
reused	O
within	O
these	O
other	O
roguelikes	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
@	O
to	O
represent	O
the	O
player-character	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
gameplay	O
mechanics	O
of	O
Rogue	B-Application
were	O
influential	O
in	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
Torneko	B-Application
no	I-Application
Daibōken	I-Application
:	I-Application
Fushigi	I-Application
no	I-Application
Dungeon	I-Application
,	O
the	O
first	O
game	O
in	O
the	O
Mystery	O
Dungeon	O
series	O
by	O
Chunsoft	O
.	O
</s>
