<s>
Robustness	B-General_Concept
testing	I-General_Concept
is	O
any	O
quality	O
assurance	O
methodology	O
focused	O
on	O
testing	O
the	O
robustness	B-Application
of	I-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Robustness	B-General_Concept
testing	I-General_Concept
has	O
also	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
verifying	O
the	O
robustness	B-Application
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
ANSI	O
and	O
IEEE	O
have	O
defined	O
robustness	B-Application
as	O
the	O
degree	O
to	O
which	O
a	O
system	O
or	O
component	O
can	O
function	O
correctly	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
invalid	O
inputs	O
or	O
stressful	O
environmental	O
conditions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
"	O
robustness	B-General_Concept
testing	I-General_Concept
"	O
was	O
first	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
Ballista	O
project	O
at	O
Carnegie	O
Mellon	O
University	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
performed	O
testing	O
of	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
for	O
dependability	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
data	O
types	O
of	O
POSIX	O
API	O
,	O
producing	O
complete	O
system	B-General_Concept
crashes	I-General_Concept
in	O
some	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eventually	O
the	O
term	O
fuzzing	O
(	O
which	O
security	O
people	O
use	O
for	O
mostly	O
non-intelligent	O
and	O
random	O
robustness	B-General_Concept
testing	I-General_Concept
)	O
extended	O
to	O
also	O
cover	O
model-based	O
robustness	B-General_Concept
testing	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fault	O
injection	O
is	O
a	O
testing	O
method	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
checking	O
robustness	B-Application
of	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
