<s>
Robot	B-General_Concept
localization	I-General_Concept
denotes	O
the	O
robot	O
's	O
ability	O
to	O
establish	O
its	O
own	O
position	O
and	O
orientation	O
within	O
the	O
frame	O
of	O
reference	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
article	O
will	O
present	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
the	O
skill	O
of	O
navigation	O
and	O
try	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
basic	O
blocks	O
of	O
a	O
robot	B-General_Concept
navigation	I-General_Concept
system	O
,	O
types	O
of	O
navigation	O
systems	O
,	O
and	O
closer	O
look	O
at	O
its	O
related	O
building	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Robot	B-General_Concept
navigation	I-General_Concept
means	O
the	O
robot	O
's	O
ability	O
to	O
determine	O
its	O
own	O
position	O
in	O
its	O
frame	O
of	O
reference	O
and	O
then	O
to	O
plan	O
a	O
path	O
towards	O
some	O
goal	O
location	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
robot	B-General_Concept
navigation	I-General_Concept
systems	O
use	O
simultaneous	B-Application
localization	I-Application
and	I-Application
mapping	I-Application
to	O
generate	O
3D	B-Algorithm
reconstructions	I-Algorithm
of	O
their	O
surroundings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vision-based	O
navigation	O
or	O
optical	O
navigation	O
uses	O
computer	B-Application
vision	I-Application
algorithms	O
and	O
optical	O
sensors	O
,	O
including	O
laser-based	O
range	B-Algorithm
finder	I-Algorithm
and	O
photometric	O
cameras	O
using	O
CCD	B-Algorithm
arrays	I-Algorithm
,	O
to	O
extract	O
the	O
visual	B-Algorithm
features	I-Algorithm
required	O
to	O
the	O
localization	O
in	O
the	O
surrounding	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
see	O
and	O
AVM	B-Application
Navigator	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Navigation	O
systems	O
using	O
sonar	B-Application
have	O
also	O
been	O
developed	O
.	O
</s>
