<s>
Reverse	B-General_Concept
image	I-General_Concept
search	I-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
content-based	B-Application
image	I-Application
retrieval	I-Application
(	O
CBIR	B-Application
)	O
query	B-Library
technique	O
that	O
involves	O
providing	O
the	O
CBIR	B-Application
system	O
with	O
a	O
sample	O
image	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
then	O
base	O
its	O
search	O
upon	O
;	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
information	B-Library
retrieval	I-Library
,	O
the	O
sample	O
image	O
is	O
very	O
useful	O
in	O
its	O
ways	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
particular	O
,	O
reverse	B-General_Concept
image	I-General_Concept
search	I-General_Concept
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
search	O
terms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Reverse	B-General_Concept
image	I-General_Concept
search	I-General_Concept
also	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
discover	O
content	O
that	O
is	O
related	O
to	O
a	O
specific	O
sample	O
image	O
,	O
popularity	O
of	O
an	O
image	O
,	O
and	O
discover	O
manipulated	O
versions	O
and	O
derivative	O
works	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Reverse	B-General_Concept
image	I-General_Concept
search	I-General_Concept
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Commonly	O
used	O
reverse	B-General_Concept
image	I-General_Concept
search	I-General_Concept
algorithms	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
site	O
uses	O
standard	O
Content	B-Application
Based	I-Application
Image	I-Application
Retrieval	I-Application
(	O
CBIR	B-Application
)	O
technology	O
used	O
by	O
many	O
other	O
sites	O
,	O
but	O
additionally	O
uses	O
artificial	O
intelligence-based	O
technology	O
to	O
locate	O
further	O
results	O
based	O
on	O
query	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Yandex	B-Application
images	I-Application
searches	O
some	O
obscure	O
social	O
media	O
sites	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
more	O
common	O
ones	O
offering	O
content	O
owners	O
means	O
of	O
tracking	O
plagiarism	O
of	O
image	O
or	O
photo	O
intellectual	O
property	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	O
's	O
Search	B-General_Concept
by	I-General_Concept
Image	I-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
feature	O
that	O
uses	O
reverse	B-General_Concept
image	I-General_Concept
search	I-General_Concept
and	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
search	O
for	O
related	O
images	O
by	O
uploading	O
an	O
image	O
or	O
copying	O
the	O
image	O
URL	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2022	O
the	O
feature	O
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
Google	B-General_Concept
Lens	I-General_Concept
as	O
the	O
default	O
visual	O
search	O
method	O
on	O
Google	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
old	O
Search	B-General_Concept
by	I-General_Concept
Image	I-General_Concept
function	O
remains	O
available	O
within	O
Google	B-General_Concept
Lens	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
TinEye	B-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
search	O
engine	O
specialized	O
for	O
reverse	B-General_Concept
image	I-General_Concept
search	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Upon	O
submitting	O
an	O
image	O
,	O
TinEye	B-General_Concept
creates	O
a	O
"	O
unique	O
and	O
compact	O
digital	O
signature	O
or	O
fingerprint	O
"	O
of	O
said	O
image	O
and	O
matches	O
it	O
with	O
other	O
indexed	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pixsy	O
reverse	B-General_Concept
image	I-General_Concept
search	I-General_Concept
technology	O
detects	O
image	O
matches	O
on	O
the	O
public	O
internet	O
for	O
images	O
uploaded	O
to	O
the	O
Pixsy	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
eBay	B-Application
ShopBot	O
uses	O
reverse	B-General_Concept
image	I-General_Concept
search	I-General_Concept
to	O
find	O
products	O
by	O
a	O
user	O
uploaded	O
photo	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
eBay	B-Application
uses	O
a	O
ResNet-50	O
network	O
for	O
category	O
recognition	O
,	O
image	O
hashes	O
are	O
stored	O
in	O
Google	B-Application
Bigtable	I-Application
;	O
Apache	B-Language
Spark	I-Language
jobs	O
are	O
operated	O
by	O
Google	O
Cloud	O
Dataproc	O
for	O
image	O
hash	O
extraction	O
;	O
and	O
the	O
image	O
ranking	O
service	O
is	O
deployed	O
by	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
SK	O
Planet	O
uses	O
reverse	B-General_Concept
image	I-General_Concept
search	I-General_Concept
to	O
find	O
related	O
fashion	O
items	O
on	O
its	O
e-commerce	O
website	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
developed	O
the	O
vision	O
encoder	O
network	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
TensorFlow	B-Language
inception-v3	O
,	O
with	O
speed	O
of	O
convergence	O
and	O
generalization	O
for	O
production	O
usage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
recurrent	B-Algorithm
neural	I-Algorithm
network	I-Algorithm
is	O
used	O
for	O
multi-class	O
classification	O
,	O
and	O
fashion-product	O
region-of	O
interest	O
detection	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
Faster	O
R-CNN	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SK	O
Planet	O
's	O
reverse	B-General_Concept
image	I-General_Concept
search	I-General_Concept
system	O
is	O
built	O
in	O
less	O
than	O
100	O
man-months	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pailitao	O
(	O
,	O
literally	O
means	O
shopping	O
through	O
a	O
camera	O
)	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
search	O
for	O
items	O
on	O
Alibaba	O
's	O
E-commercial	O
platform	O
by	O
taking	O
a	O
photo	O
of	O
the	O
query	B-Library
object	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Pailitao	O
application	O
uses	O
a	O
deep	O
CNN	B-Architecture
model	O
with	O
branches	O
for	O
joint	O
detection	O
and	O
feature	O
learning	O
to	O
discover	O
the	O
detection	O
mask	O
and	O
exact	O
discriminative	O
feature	O
without	O
background	O
disturbance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pinterest	B-Application
acquired	O
startup	O
company	O
VisualGraph	O
in	O
2014	O
and	O
introduced	O
visual	O
search	O
on	O
its	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
Pinterest	B-Application
published	O
a	O
paper	O
at	O
the	O
ACM	O
Conference	B-Operating_System
on	I-Operating_System
Knowledge	I-Operating_System
Discovery	I-Operating_System
and	I-Operating_System
Data	I-Operating_System
Mining	I-Operating_System
conference	O
and	O
disclosed	O
the	O
architecture	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
pipeline	O
uses	O
Apache	B-Application
Hadoop	I-Application
,	O
the	O
open-source	B-License
Caffe	O
convolutional	B-Architecture
neural	I-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
framework	O
,	O
Cascading	B-General_Concept
for	O
batch	O
processing	O
,	O
PinLater	O
for	O
messaging	O
,	O
and	O
Apache	B-Language
HBase	I-Language
for	O
storage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Image	O
characteristics	O
,	O
including	O
local	O
features	O
,	O
deep	O
features	O
,	O
salient	O
color	O
signatures	O
and	O
salient	O
pixels	O
are	O
extracted	B-Algorithm
from	O
user	O
uploads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
is	O
operated	O
by	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
EC2	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
only	O
requires	O
a	O
cluster	O
of	O
5	O
GPU	O
instances	O
to	O
handle	O
daily	O
image	O
uploads	O
onto	O
Pinterest	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
using	O
reverse	B-General_Concept
image	I-General_Concept
search	I-General_Concept
,	O
Pinterest	B-Application
is	O
able	O
to	O
extract	O
visual	O
features	O
from	O
fashion	O
objects	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
peer	O
reviewed	O
paper	O
focuses	O
on	O
the	O
algorithms	O
used	O
by	O
JD	O
's	O
distributed	O
hierarchical	O
image	O
feature	B-Algorithm
extraction	I-Algorithm
,	O
indexing	O
and	O
retrieval	O
system	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
300	O
million	O
daily	O
active	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	B-Application
Bing	I-Application
published	O
the	O
architecture	O
of	O
their	O
reverse	O
image	O
searching	O
of	O
system	O
at	O
the	O
KDD'18	O
conference	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
paper	O
states	O
that	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
features	O
from	O
a	O
query	B-Library
image	O
submitted	O
by	O
a	O
user	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
describe	O
its	O
content	O
,	O
including	O
using	O
deep	O
neural	O
network	O
encoders	O
,	O
category	O
recognition	O
features	O
,	O
face	O
recognition	O
features	O
,	O
color	O
features	O
and	O
duplicate	O
detection	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Arista-DS	O
only	O
performs	O
duplicate	O
search	O
algorithms	O
such	O
as	O
principal	B-Application
component	I-Application
analysis	I-Application
on	O
global	O
image	O
features	O
to	O
lower	O
computational	O
and	O
memory	O
costs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2007	O
,	O
the	O
Puzzle	O
library	O
is	O
released	O
under	O
the	O
ISC	B-License
license	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
Puzzle	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
offer	O
reverse	B-General_Concept
image	I-General_Concept
search	I-General_Concept
visually	O
similar	O
images	O
,	O
even	O
after	O
the	O
images	O
have	O
been	O
resized	O
,	O
re-compressed	O
,	O
recolored	O
and/or	O
slightly	O
modified	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
image-match	O
opensource	B-License
project	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
,	O
licensed	O
under	O
the	O
Apache	B-Application
License	I-Application
,	O
implements	O
a	O
reverse	B-General_Concept
image	I-General_Concept
search	I-General_Concept
engine	O
written	O
in	O
Python	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2019	O
,	O
a	O
book	O
published	O
by	O
O'Reilly	O
documents	O
how	O
a	O
simple	O
reverse	B-General_Concept
image	I-General_Concept
search	I-General_Concept
system	O
can	O
be	O
built	O
in	O
a	O
few	O
hours	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
book	O
covers	O
image	O
feature	B-Algorithm
extraction	I-Algorithm
and	O
similarity	O
search	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
more	O
advanced	O
topics	O
including	O
scalability	O
using	O
GPUs	O
and	O
search	O
accuracy	O
improvement	O
tuning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
code	O
for	O
the	O
system	O
was	O
made	O
available	O
freely	O
on	O
GitHub	B-Application
.	O
</s>
