<s>
Responsive	B-Algorithm
computer-aided	I-Algorithm
design	I-Algorithm
(	O
also	O
simplified	O
to	O
responsive	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
)	O
is	O
an	O
approach	O
to	O
computer-aided	B-Application
design	I-Application
(	O
CAD	B-Application
)	O
that	O
utilizes	O
real-world	O
sensors	O
and	O
data	O
to	O
modify	O
a	O
three-dimensional	O
(	O
3D	O
)	O
computer	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concept	O
is	O
related	O
to	O
cyber-physical	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
through	O
blurring	O
of	O
the	O
virtual	O
and	O
physical	O
worlds	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
applies	O
specifically	O
to	O
the	O
initial	O
digital	O
design	O
of	O
an	O
object	O
prior	O
to	O
production	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
process	O
begins	O
with	O
a	O
designer	O
creating	O
a	O
basic	O
design	O
of	O
an	O
object	O
using	O
CAD	B-Application
software	I-Application
with	O
parametric	O
or	O
algorithmic	O
relationships	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
relationships	O
are	O
then	O
linked	O
to	O
physical	O
sensors	O
,	O
allowing	O
them	O
to	O
drive	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
CAD	B-Application
model	I-Application
within	O
the	O
established	O
parameters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Reasons	O
to	O
allow	O
sensors	O
to	O
modify	O
a	O
CAD	B-Application
model	I-Application
include	O
customizing	O
a	O
design	O
to	O
fit	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
anthropometry	O
,	O
assisting	O
people	O
without	O
CAD	B-Application
skills	O
to	O
personalize	O
a	O
design	O
,	O
or	O
automating	O
part	O
of	O
an	O
iterative	O
design	O
process	O
in	O
similar	O
fashion	O
to	O
generative	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
the	O
sensors	O
have	O
affected	O
the	O
design	O
it	O
may	O
then	O
be	O
manufactured	O
as	O
a	O
one-off	O
piece	O
using	O
a	O
digital	B-Algorithm
fabrication	I-Algorithm
technology	O
,	O
or	O
go	O
through	O
further	O
development	O
by	O
a	O
designer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Responsive	B-Algorithm
computer-aided	I-Algorithm
design	I-Algorithm
is	O
enabled	O
by	O
ubiquitous	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
and	O
the	B-Operating_System
Internet	I-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
Things	I-Operating_System
,	O
concepts	O
which	O
describe	O
the	O
capacity	O
for	O
everyday	O
objects	O
to	O
contain	O
computing	O
and	O
sensing	O
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
digital	B-Algorithm
fabrication	I-Algorithm
technologies	O
allow	O
for	O
customization	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
drivers	O
of	O
the	O
mass-customization	O
phenomenon	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
these	O
concepts	O
mature	O
,	O
responsive	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
is	O
emerging	O
as	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
reduce	O
reliance	O
on	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
(	O
GUIs	B-Application
)	O
as	O
the	O
only	O
method	O
for	O
designers	O
and	O
consumers	O
to	O
design	O
products	O
,	O
aligning	O
with	O
claims	O
by	O
Golden	O
Krishna	O
that	O
"	O
the	O
best	O
design	O
reduces	O
work	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Calls	O
to	O
reduce	O
reliance	O
on	O
GUIs	B-Application
and	O
automate	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
design	O
process	O
connects	O
with	O
Mark	O
Weiser	O
's	O
original	O
vision	O
of	O
ubiquitous	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
variety	O
of	O
similar	O
research	O
areas	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
gesture	B-General_Concept
recognition	I-General_Concept
,	O
with	O
many	O
projects	O
using	O
motion	B-Application
capture	I-Application
to	O
track	O
the	O
physical	O
motions	O
of	O
a	O
designer	O
and	O
translate	O
them	O
into	O
three-dimensional	O
geometry	O
suitable	O
for	O
digital	B-Algorithm
fabrication	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
these	O
share	O
similarities	O
to	O
responsive	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
through	O
their	O
cyber-physical	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
,	O
they	O
require	O
direct	O
intent	O
to	O
design	O
an	O
object	O
and	O
some	O
level	O
of	O
skill	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
are	O
not	O
considered	O
responsive	O
,	O
as	O
responsive	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
occurs	O
autonomously	O
and	O
may	O
even	O
occur	O
without	O
the	O
user	O
being	O
aware	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
designing	O
at	O
all	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
topic	O
has	O
some	O
common	O
traits	O
with	O
responsive	B-General_Concept
web	I-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
and	O
responsive	O
architecture	O
,	O
with	O
both	O
fields	O
focused	O
on	O
systems	O
design	O
and	O
adaptation	O
based	O
on	O
functional	O
conditions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Responsive	B-Algorithm
computer-aided	I-Algorithm
design	I-Algorithm
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
customize	O
fashion	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
currently	O
an	O
active	O
area	O
of	O
research	O
in	O
footwear	O
by	O
large	O
companies	O
like	O
New	O
Balance	O
who	O
are	O
looking	O
to	O
customize	O
shoe	O
midsoles	O
using	O
foot	O
pressure	O
data	O
from	O
customers	O
.	O
</s>
