<s>
Resource	B-Protocol
Public	I-Protocol
Key	I-Protocol
Infrastructure	I-Protocol
(	O
RPKI	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Resource	B-Protocol
Certification	I-Protocol
,	O
is	O
a	O
specialized	O
public	B-Architecture
key	I-Architecture
infrastructure	I-Architecture
(	O
PKI	O
)	O
framework	O
to	O
support	O
improved	O
security	O
for	O
the	O
Internet	O
's	O
BGP	B-Protocol
routing	B-Protocol
infrastructure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RPKI	B-Protocol
provides	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
connect	O
Internet	O
number	O
resource	O
information	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
Autonomous	B-Architecture
System	I-Architecture
numbers	I-Architecture
and	O
IP	B-Protocol
addresses	I-Protocol
)	O
to	O
a	O
trust	B-General_Concept
anchor	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
RPKI	B-Protocol
can	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
legitimate	O
holders	O
of	O
the	O
resources	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
operation	O
of	O
Internet	O
routing	B-Protocol
protocols	I-Protocol
to	O
prevent	O
route	B-Protocol
hijacking	I-Protocol
and	O
other	O
attacks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
particular	O
,	O
RPKI	B-Protocol
is	O
used	O
to	O
secure	O
the	O
Border	B-Protocol
Gateway	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
BGP	B-Protocol
)	O
through	O
BGP	B-Protocol
Route	O
Origin	O
Validation	O
(	O
ROV	O
)	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Neighbor	B-Protocol
Discovery	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
ND	O
)	O
for	O
IPv6	B-Protocol
through	O
the	O
Secure	B-Protocol
Neighbor	I-Protocol
Discovery	I-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
SEND	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
RPKI	B-Protocol
architecture	O
is	O
documented	O
in	O
RFC	O
6480	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
RPKI	B-Protocol
specification	O
is	O
documented	O
in	O
a	O
spread	O
out	O
series	O
of	O
RFCs	O
:	O
RFC	O
6481	O
,	O
RFC	O
6482	O
,	O
RFC	O
6483	O
,	O
RFC	O
6484	O
,	O
RFC	O
6485	O
,	O
RFC	O
6486	O
,	O
RFC	O
6487	O
,	O
RFC	O
6488	O
,	O
RFC	O
6489	O
,	O
RFC	O
6490	O
,	O
RFC	O
6491	O
,	O
RFC	O
6492	O
,	O
and	O
RFC	O
6493	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
RFCs	O
are	O
a	O
product	O
of	O
the	O
IETF	O
's	O
SIDR	O
(	O
"	O
Secure	B-Protocol
Inter-Domain	I-Protocol
Routing	I-Protocol
"	O
)	O
working	O
group	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
threat	O
analysis	O
which	O
was	O
documented	O
in	O
RFC	O
4593	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
standards	O
cover	O
BGP	B-Protocol
origin	O
validation	O
,	O
while	O
path	O
validation	O
is	O
provided	O
by	O
BGPsec	B-Protocol
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
standardized	O
separately	O
in	O
RFC	O
8205	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RPKI	B-Protocol
uses	O
X.509	O
PKI	O
certificates	O
(	O
RFC	O
5280	O
)	O
with	O
extensions	O
for	O
IP	B-Protocol
addresses	I-Protocol
and	O
AS	O
identifiers	O
(	O
RFC	O
3779	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Route	O
Origin	O
Authorization	O
(	O
ROA	O
)	O
states	O
which	O
autonomous	B-Architecture
system	I-Architecture
(	O
AS	O
)	O
is	O
authorised	O
to	O
originate	O
certain	O
IP	B-Protocol
prefixes	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
present	O
,	O
this	O
specifies	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
specific	O
IP	B-Protocol
prefix	I-Protocol
that	O
the	O
AS	O
is	O
authorised	O
to	O
advertise	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
IP	B-Protocol
address	I-Protocol
prefix	I-Protocol
is	O
and	O
the	O
maximum	O
length	O
is	O
22	O
,	O
the	O
AS	O
is	O
authorised	O
to	O
advertise	O
any	O
prefix	O
under	O
,	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
no	O
more	O
specific	O
than	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
a	O
ROA	O
is	O
created	O
for	O
a	O
certain	O
combination	O
of	O
origin	O
AS	O
and	O
prefix	O
,	O
this	O
will	O
have	O
an	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
RPKI	B-Protocol
validity	O
of	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
route	O
announcements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
that	O
invalid	O
BGP	B-Protocol
updates	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
due	O
to	O
incorrectly	O
configured	O
ROAs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
RIRs	O
have	O
a	O
hosted	O
RPKI	B-Protocol
platform	O
available	O
in	O
their	O
member	O
portals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
does	O
not	O
use	O
a	O
single	O
repository	O
publication	O
point	O
to	O
publish	O
RPKI	B-Protocol
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
,	O
the	O
RPKI	B-Protocol
repository	O
system	O
consists	O
of	O
multiple	O
distributed	O
and	O
delegated	O
repository	O
publication	O
points	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
repository	O
publication	O
point	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
RPKI	B-Protocol
certificates	O
 '	O
publication	O
points	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Relying	O
party	O
software	O
will	O
fetch	O
,	O
cache	O
,	O
and	O
validate	O
repository	O
data	O
using	O
rsync	B-Application
or	O
the	O
RPKI	B-Protocol
Repository	O
Delta	O
Protocol	O
(	O
RFC	O
8182	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Incomplete	O
or	O
stale	O
data	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
erroneous	O
routing	B-Protocol
decisions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
validation	O
of	O
ROAs	O
,	O
the	O
attestations	O
can	O
be	O
compared	O
to	O
BGP	B-Protocol
routing	B-Protocol
and	O
aid	O
network	O
operators	O
in	O
their	O
decision	O
making	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
can	O
be	O
done	O
manually	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
validated	O
prefix	O
origin	O
data	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
sent	O
to	O
a	O
supported	O
router	O
using	O
the	O
RPKI	B-Protocol
to	O
Router	B-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
RFC	O
6810	O
)	O
,	O
Cisco	O
Systems	O
offers	O
native	O
support	O
on	O
many	O
platforms	O
for	O
fetching	O
the	O
RPKI	B-Protocol
data	O
set	O
and	O
using	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
router	O
configuration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quagga	B-Protocol
obtains	O
this	O
functionality	O
through	O
BGP	B-Protocol
Secure	O
Routing	B-Protocol
Extensions	O
(	O
BGP-SRx	O
)	O
or	O
a	O
RPKI	B-Protocol
implementation	O
fully	O
RFC-compliant	O
based	O
on	O
RTRlib	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
library	O
is	O
useful	O
for	O
developers	O
of	O
routing	B-Protocol
software	O
but	O
also	O
for	O
network	O
operators	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developers	O
can	O
integrate	O
the	O
RTRlib	O
into	O
the	O
BGP	B-Protocol
daemon	O
to	O
extend	O
their	O
implementation	O
towards	O
RPKI	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
RFC	O
6494	O
updates	O
the	O
certificate	O
validation	O
method	O
of	O
the	O
Secure	B-Protocol
Neighbor	I-Protocol
Discovery	I-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
SEND	O
)	O
security	O
mechanisms	O
for	O
Neighbor	B-Protocol
Discovery	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
ND	O
)	O
to	O
use	O
RPKI	B-Protocol
for	O
use	O
in	O
IPv6	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
defines	O
a	O
SEND	O
certificate	O
profile	O
utilizing	O
a	O
modified	O
RFC	O
6487	O
RPKI	B-Protocol
certificate	O
profile	O
which	O
must	O
include	O
a	O
single	O
RFC	O
3779	O
IP	B-Protocol
address	I-Protocol
delegation	O
extension	O
.	O
</s>
