<s>
thumb|Replicant	O
6.0	O
on	O
Samsung	B-Operating_System
Galaxy	I-Operating_System
Note	I-Operating_System
II	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Replicant	B-Application
is	O
a	O
free	B-License
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
(	O
OS	O
)	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
mobile	I-Application
platform	O
that	O
aims	O
to	O
replace	O
all	O
proprietary	B-Application
Android	B-Application
components	O
with	O
free-software	B-Application
counterparts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
available	O
for	O
several	O
smartphones	B-Application
and	O
tablet	B-Device
computers	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
programming	O
languages	O
as	O
Android	B-Application
(	O
which	O
it	O
is	O
forked	B-Application
indirectly	O
from	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
modifications	O
are	O
mostly	O
in	O
the	O
C	B-Language
language	I-Language
;	O
the	O
changes	O
are	O
mostly	O
to	O
the	O
lower-level	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
OS	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
and	O
drivers	O
that	O
use	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
Replicant	B-Application
is	O
drawn	O
from	O
the	O
fictional	O
replicant	B-Application
androids	B-Application
in	O
the	O
Blade	B-Application
Runner	I-Application
movie	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Replicant	B-Application
is	O
sponsored	O
and	O
supported	O
by	O
the	B-Operating_System
Free	I-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
and	O
partially	O
by	O
NLnet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Replicant	B-Application
project	O
started	O
in	O
mid-2010	O
with	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
consolidate	O
various	O
initiatives	O
attempting	O
to	O
produce	O
a	O
fully	O
free-as-in-freedom	O
Android	B-Application
derivative	O
for	O
the	O
HTC	B-Application
Dream	I-Application
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
quickly	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
writing	O
of	O
replacement	O
code	O
for	O
the	O
non-free	O
parts	O
that	O
were	O
required	O
to	O
make	O
HTC	B-Application
Dream	I-Application
functional	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
component	O
to	O
be	O
replaced	O
permitted	O
audio	O
to	O
work	O
without	O
a	O
proprietary	B-Application
library	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Replicant	B-Application
originally	O
provided	O
its	O
own	O
FOSS	B-License
application	O
repository	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
later	O
replaced	O
by	O
F-Droid	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2022	O
,	O
Replicant	B-Application
announced	O
they	O
had	O
removed	O
F-Droid	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Radio	O
Interface	O
Layer	O
software	O
that	O
handles	O
communication	O
with	O
the	O
modem	O
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
free	B-License
code	O
,	O
thus	O
making	O
the	O
telephony	O
part	O
usable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
library	O
handling	O
GPS	O
was	O
then	O
adapted	O
from	O
free	B-License
code	O
that	O
was	O
originally	O
written	O
for	O
another	O
phone	O
and	O
permitted	O
HTC	B-Application
Dream	I-Application
to	O
have	O
GPS	O
working	O
with	O
Replicant	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
versions	O
of	O
Replicant	B-Application
were	O
based	O
on	O
Android	B-Application
Open	B-Application
Source	I-Application
Project	O
code	O
,	O
while	O
versions	O
2.2	O
(	O
April	O
2011	O
)	O
and	O
later	O
used	O
CyanogenMod	B-Application
as	O
their	O
base	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
make	O
supporting	O
more	O
devices	O
easier	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
blog	O
post	O
on	O
February	O
1	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
the	O
Replicant	B-Application
project	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
future	O
versions	O
of	O
Replicant	B-Application
will	O
be	O
based	O
on	O
LineageOS	B-Application
,	O
as	O
the	O
CyanogenMod	B-Application
project	O
was	O
discontinued	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
development	O
continued	O
,	O
many	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
Replicant	B-Application
team	O
retired	O
from	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
making	O
Denis	O
"	O
GNUtoo	O
"	O
Carikli	O
the	O
only	O
remaining	O
member	O
from	O
the	O
original	O
team	O
still	O
actively	O
working	O
on	O
the	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2011	O
,	O
Paul	O
Kocialkowski	O
decided	O
to	O
get	O
involved	O
with	O
the	O
project	O
and	O
gradually	O
became	O
the	O
main	O
Replicant	B-Application
developer	O
,	O
after	O
successfully	O
porting	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
Nexus	B-Device
S	I-Device
and	O
Galaxy	B-Application
S	I-Application
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2014	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
Replicant	B-Application
was	O
criticized	O
for	O
lagging	O
behind	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
While	O
CyanogenMod	B-Application
is	O
up	O
to	O
4.4.4	O
,	O
Replicant	B-Application
is	O
still	O
stuck	O
on	O
Android	B-Application
4.2	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
CM	O
runs	O
on	O
just	O
about	O
everything	O
,	O
but	O
Replicant	B-Application
is	O
only	O
supported	O
by	O
a	O
handful	O
of	O
devices	O
ranging	O
from	O
two	O
to	O
four	O
years	O
old	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Plus	O
,	O
while	O
Replicant	B-Application
aims	O
to	O
replace	O
the	O
proprietary	B-Application
drivers	O
,	O
it	O
does	O
n't	O
actually	O
have	O
a	O
complete	O
stack	O
of	O
drivers	O
for	O
any	O
device.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
smartphone	B-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
efforts	O
of	O
others	O
,	O
like	O
Mozilla	O
,	O
failed	O
to	O
gain	O
traction	O
,	O
Replicant	B-Application
continued	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Replicant	B-Application
is	O
sponsored	O
and	O
supported	O
by	O
the	B-Operating_System
Free	I-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
also	O
hosts	O
Replicant	B-Application
's	O
source	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
table	O
lists	O
the	O
major	O
releases	O
of	O
Replicant	B-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
Release	O
date	O
Based	O
on	O
Notes	O
26	O
April	O
2011	O
Android	B-Application
2.2	I-Application
"	I-Application
Froyo	I-Application
"	I-Application
15	O
November	O
2012	O
Android	B-Application
4.0	I-Application
"	I-Application
Ice	I-Application
Cream	I-Application
Sandwich	I-Application
"	I-Application
Five	O
updates	O
have	O
been	O
released	O
;	O
the	O
last	O
one	O
,	O
0005	O
,	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
September	O
29	O
,	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
19	O
January	O
2014	O
CyanogenMod	B-Application
10.1/Android	O
4.2.2	O
"	O
Jelly	O
Bean	O
"	O
Four	O
updates	O
have	O
been	O
released	O
;	O
the	O
last	O
one	O
,	O
0004	O
,	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
September	O
1	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
7	O
May	O
2017	O
LineageOS	B-Application
13.0/Android	O
6.0.1	O
"	O
Marshmallow	O
"	O
Three	O
updates	O
have	O
been	O
released	O
;	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
one	O
,	O
0003	O
,	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
December	O
10	O
,	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RC2	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
July	O
22	O
,	O
2020.N/ALineageOS	O
17.1/Android	O
10Replaced	O
graphics	O
driver	O
for	O
improved	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2014	O
,	O
Replicant	B-Application
developers	O
found	O
and	O
closed	O
a	O
vulnerability	O
present	O
in	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
Samsung	B-Operating_System
Galaxy	I-Operating_System
products	O
that	O
allowed	O
the	O
baseband	O
processor	O
to	O
read	O
and	O
write	O
the	O
device	O
's	O
storage	O
,	O
sometimes	O
with	O
normal	O
user	O
privileges	O
and	O
sometimes	O
as	O
the	O
root	B-Application
user	I-Application
depending	O
on	O
device	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Replicant	B-Application
's	O
lead	O
developer	O
Paul	O
Kocialkowski	O
claimed	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
backdoor	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
was	O
contested	O
by	O
Dan	O
Rosenberg	O
,	O
a	O
senior	O
security	O
researcher	O
at	O
Azimuth	O
Security	O
,	O
who	O
said	O
there	O
was	O
"	O
virtually	O
no	O
evidence	O
for	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
remotely	O
execute	O
this	O
functionality	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
some	O
evidence	O
of	O
similar	O
exploits	O
of	O
Apple	O
hardware	O
that	O
did	O
not	O
involve	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
software	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
"	O
methods	O
detailed	O
take	O
direct	O
advantage	O
of	O
Apple	O
’s	O
“	O
firmware	B-Application
”	O
or	O
permanent	O
software	O
programmed	O
onto	O
the	O
device	O
,	O
usually	O
by	O
the	O
manufacturer.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
3	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
the	O
project	O
released	O
Replicant	B-Application
4.0	O
SDK	B-Application
as	O
a	O
fully	O
libre	B-Application
replacement	O
to	O
Android	B-Application
SDK	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Replicant	B-Application
SDK	B-Application
was	O
released	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
Google	O
updating	O
the	O
license	O
for	O
add-ons	O
and	O
binaries	O
under	O
a	O
proprietary	B-Application
agreement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Replicant	B-Application
's	O
SDK	B-Application
was	O
discontinued	O
on	O
April	O
28	O
,	O
2017	O
in	O
favour	O
of	O
the	O
free	B-License
SDK	B-Application
packaged	O
by	O
Debian	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scope	O
of	O
the	O
Replicant	B-Application
project	O
has	O
been	O
gradually	O
expanded	O
to	O
include	O
support	O
for	O
new	O
devices	O
,	O
starting	O
with	O
the	O
Nexus	B-Application
One	I-Application
,	O
Nexus	B-Device
S	I-Device
and	O
Galaxy	B-Application
S	I-Application
.	O
As	O
of	O
January	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
following	O
devices	O
are	O
supported	O
,	O
with	O
Wi-Fi	O
and	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
requiring	O
proprietary	B-Application
firmware	B-Application
in	O
order	O
to	O
work	O
:	O
The	O
number	O
of	O
supported	O
devices	O
was	O
doubled	O
with	O
version	O
6.0	O
in	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
