<s>
A	O
remote	O
,	O
online	O
,	O
or	O
managed	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
service	I-General_Concept
,	O
sometimes	O
marketed	O
as	O
cloud	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
or	O
backup-as-a-service	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
service	O
that	O
provides	O
users	O
with	O
a	O
system	O
for	O
the	O
backup	B-Protocol
,	O
storage	O
,	O
and	O
recovery	O
of	O
computer	B-Operating_System
files	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Online	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
providers	I-General_Concept
are	O
companies	O
that	O
provide	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
service	O
to	O
end	O
users	O
(	O
or	O
clients	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
backup	B-General_Concept
services	I-General_Concept
are	O
considered	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
cloud	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Online	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
systems	O
are	O
typically	O
built	O
for	O
a	O
client	O
software	O
program	O
that	O
runs	O
on	O
a	O
given	O
schedule	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
newer	O
cloud	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
services	O
run	O
continuously	O
to	O
capture	O
changes	O
to	O
user	O
systems	O
nearly	O
in	O
real-time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
online	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
system	O
typically	O
collects	O
,	O
compresses	O
,	O
encrypts	O
,	O
and	O
transfers	O
the	O
data	O
to	O
the	O
remote	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
service	I-General_Concept
provider	I-General_Concept
's	O
servers	O
or	O
off-site	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
High-end	O
LAN-based	O
backup	B-Protocol
systems	O
may	O
offer	O
services	O
such	O
as	O
Active	B-Protocol
Directory	I-Protocol
,	O
client	O
remote	O
control	O
,	O
or	O
open	O
file	O
backups	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Consumer	O
online	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
companies	O
frequently	O
have	O
beta	O
software	O
offerings	O
and/or	O
free-trial	O
backup	B-General_Concept
services	I-General_Concept
with	O
fewer	O
live	O
support	O
options	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
faster	O
modems	O
and	O
more	O
secure	O
network	O
protocols	O
were	O
in	O
development	O
,	O
tape	O
backup	B-Protocol
systems	O
gained	O
in	O
popularity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
that	O
same	O
period	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
an	O
affordable	O
,	O
reliable	O
online	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
system	O
was	O
becoming	O
clear	O
,	O
especially	O
for	O
businesses	O
with	O
critical	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
initial	O
years	O
of	O
these	O
large	O
industry	O
service	O
providers	O
were	O
about	O
capturing	O
market	O
share	O
and	O
understanding	O
the	O
importance	O
and	O
the	O
role	O
that	O
these	O
online	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
providers	I-General_Concept
were	O
playing	O
in	O
the	O
web	O
services	O
arena	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
,	O
most	O
service	O
providers	O
of	O
online	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
services	I-General_Concept
position	O
their	O
services	O
using	O
the	O
SaaS	B-Architecture
(	O
software	B-Architecture
as	I-Architecture
a	I-Architecture
service	I-Architecture
)	O
and	O
PaaS	B-Application
(	O
Platform	B-Application
as	I-Application
a	I-Application
service	I-Application
)	O
strategy	O
and	O
its	O
relevance	O
is	O
predicted	O
to	O
increase	O
exponentially	O
in	O
the	O
years	O
to	O
come	O
as	O
personal	O
and	O
enterprise	O
data	O
storage	O
needs	O
rise	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last	O
few	O
years	O
have	O
also	O
witnessed	O
a	O
healthy	O
rise	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
independent	O
online	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
providers	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cloud	O
BUR	O
(	O
BackUp	B-Protocol
&	O
Restore	O
)	O
services	O
need	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
granularity	O
when	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
RTO	O
's	O
(	O
Recovery	O
Time	O
Objective	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
customer	O
should	O
never	O
have	O
to	O
manage	O
the	O
back	O
end	O
storage	O
repositories	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
back	B-Protocol
up	I-Protocol
and	O
recover	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cloud	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
needs	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
active	O
process	O
where	O
data	O
is	O
collected	O
from	O
systems	O
that	O
store	O
the	O
original	O
copy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
means	O
that	O
cloud	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
will	O
not	O
require	O
data	O
to	O
be	O
copied	O
into	O
a	O
specific	O
appliance	O
from	O
where	O
data	O
is	O
collected	O
before	O
being	O
transmitted	O
to	O
and	O
stored	O
in	O
the	O
service	O
provider	O
's	O
data	O
centre	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Storage	O
is	O
allocated	O
on	O
demand	O
and	O
also	O
de-allocated	O
as	O
customers	O
delete	O
backup	B-Protocol
sets	O
as	O
they	O
age	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cloud	B-General_Concept
Backup	I-General_Concept
allows	O
customers	O
to	O
align	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
data	O
with	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
protecting	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
)	O
,	O
volume	O
,	O
number	O
of	O
backup	B-Protocol
copies	I-Protocol
and	O
RTOs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
underlying	O
enabling	O
technology	O
for	O
Cloud	B-General_Concept
Backup	I-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
full	O
stack	O
native	O
cloud	O
multitenant	O
platform	O
(	O
shared	O
everything	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Security	O
in	B-Architecture
the	I-Architecture
cloud	I-Architecture
is	O
critical	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
enterprise-class	O
cloud	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
solution	O
must	O
include	O
an	O
on-premises	O
cache	O
,	O
to	O
mitigate	O
any	O
issues	O
due	O
to	O
inconsistent	O
Internet	O
connectivity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hybrid	O
cloud	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
works	O
by	O
storing	O
data	O
to	O
local	O
disk	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
backup	B-Protocol
can	O
be	O
captured	O
at	O
high	O
speed	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
either	O
the	O
backup	B-Protocol
software	O
or	O
a	O
D2D2C	O
(	O
Disk	O
to	O
Disk	O
to	O
Cloud	O
)	O
appliance	O
encrypts	O
and	O
transmits	O
data	O
to	O
a	O
service	O
provider	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Recent	O
backups	B-Protocol
are	O
retained	O
locally	O
,	O
to	O
speed	O
data	O
recovery	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
cloud	O
storage	O
appliances	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
backup	B-Protocol
target	O
,	O
including	O
appliances	O
from	O
CTERA	B-Device
Networks	I-Device
,	O
StorSimple	B-Protocol
and	O
TwinStrata	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hybrid	O
cloud	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
is	O
also	O
beneficial	O
for	O
enterprise	O
users	O
who	O
have	O
security	O
concerns	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
storing	O
data	O
locally	O
before	O
sending	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
cloud	O
,	O
backup	B-Protocol
users	O
can	O
perform	O
the	O
necessary	O
encryption	O
operations	O
,	O
incl	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	O
encryption	O
should	O
additionally	O
be	O
applied	O
when	O
you	O
choose	O
a	O
public	O
cloud	B-Architecture
service	I-Architecture
provider	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
same	O
is	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
compression	O
of	O
backup	B-Protocol
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
local	O
backup	B-Protocol
cache	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
compress	O
the	O
data	O
before	O
sending	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
cloud	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
lower	O
the	O
network	O
bandwidth	O
load	O
and	O
improve	O
backup	B-Protocol
speed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
becomes	O
critical	O
for	O
enterprises	O
which	O
backup	B-Protocol
huge	O
databases	O
like	O
Oracle	B-Application
or	O
MS	B-Application
SQL	I-Application
or	O
huge	O
files	O
like	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
images	O
or	O
mail	O
server	O
databases	O
(	O
EDB	O
files	O
of	O
Exchange	B-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Recent	O
improvements	O
in	O
CPU	O
availability	O
allow	O
increased	O
use	O
of	O
software	O
agents	O
instead	O
of	O
hardware	O
appliances	O
for	O
enterprise	O
cloud	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Network	O
backup	B-Protocol
A	O
backup	B-General_Concept
service	I-General_Concept
supporting	O
network	O
backup	B-Protocol
can	O
back	B-Protocol
up	I-Protocol
multiple	O
computers	O
,	O
servers	O
or	O
Network	B-Application
Attached	I-Application
Storage	I-Application
appliances	O
on	O
a	O
local	O
area	O
network	O
from	O
a	O
single	O
computer	O
or	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Continuous	O
backup	B-Protocol
–	O
Continuous	O
Data	O
Protection	O
Allows	O
the	O
service	O
to	O
back	B-Protocol
up	I-Protocol
continuously	O
or	O
on	O
a	O
predefined	O
schedule	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
backup	B-General_Concept
services	I-General_Concept
are	O
schedule-based	O
and	O
perform	O
backups	B-Protocol
at	O
a	O
predetermined	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
services	O
provide	O
continuous	O
data	B-Protocol
backups	I-Protocol
which	O
are	O
used	O
by	O
large	O
financial	O
institutions	O
and	O
large	O
online	O
retailers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
services	O
allow	O
users	O
to	O
select	O
files	O
by	O
searching	O
for	O
filenames	O
and	O
folder	O
names	O
,	O
by	O
dates	O
,	O
by	O
file	O
type	O
,	O
by	O
backup	B-Protocol
set	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
tags	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	O
compression	O
Data	O
will	O
typically	O
be	O
compressed	O
with	O
a	O
lossless	B-Algorithm
compression	I-Algorithm
algorithm	O
to	O
minimize	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
bandwidth	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Differential	O
data	O
compression	O
A	O
way	O
to	O
further	O
minimize	O
network	O
traffic	O
is	O
to	O
transfer	O
only	O
the	O
binary	O
data	O
that	O
has	O
changed	O
from	O
one	O
day	O
to	O
the	O
next	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
open	O
source	O
file	B-Application
transfer	I-Application
service	I-Application
Rsync	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
advanced	O
online	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
services	I-General_Concept
use	O
this	O
method	O
rather	O
than	O
transfer	O
entire	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Off-Line	O
Backup	B-Protocol
Off-Line	O
Backup	B-Protocol
allows	O
along	O
with	O
and	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
online	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
solution	O
to	O
cover	O
daily	O
backups	B-Protocol
in	O
time	O
when	O
network	O
connection	O
is	O
down	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
this	O
time	O
the	O
remote	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
software	O
must	O
perform	O
backup	B-Protocol
onto	O
a	O
local	O
media	O
device	O
like	O
a	O
tape	O
drive	O
,	O
a	O
disk	O
or	O
another	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
minute	O
network	O
connection	O
is	O
restored	O
remote	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
software	O
will	O
update	O
the	O
remote	O
datacenter	O
with	O
the	O
changes	O
coming	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
off-line	O
backup	B-Protocol
media	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Allows	O
for	O
an	O
IT	O
department	O
or	O
staff	O
member	O
to	O
monitor	O
and	O
manage	O
backups	B-Protocol
&	O
restores	O
for	O
the	O
regular	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ability	O
to	O
send	O
a	O
first	O
backup	B-Protocol
on	O
a	O
portable	O
storage	O
device	O
rather	O
than	O
over	O
the	O
Internet	O
when	O
a	O
user	O
has	O
large	O
amounts	O
of	O
data	O
that	O
they	O
need	O
quickly	O
backed	O
up	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
businesses	O
require	O
backups	B-Protocol
of	O
servers	O
and	O
the	O
special	O
applications	O
or	O
databases	O
that	O
run	O
on	O
them	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
groupware	B-Application
,	O
SQL	O
,	O
ERP	O
-	O
or	O
CRM-systems	O
and	O
directory	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
requires	O
not	O
only	O
regular	O
file-based	O
approach	O
,	O
but	O
specific	O
point-in-time	O
backups	B-Protocol
and	O
restores	O
for	O
databases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Online	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
services	I-General_Concept
are	O
usually	O
priced	O
as	O
a	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
things	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
number	O
of	O
machines	O
covered	O
by	O
the	O
backup	B-General_Concept
service	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Add-on	O
features	O
(	O
plug-ins	O
)	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
back	B-Protocol
up	I-Protocol
currently	O
open	O
or	O
locked	O
files	O
,	O
are	O
usually	O
charged	O
as	O
an	O
extra	O
,	O
but	O
some	O
services	O
provide	O
this	O
built	O
in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
remote	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
services	I-General_Concept
reduce	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
data	O
to	O
be	O
sent	O
over	O
the	O
wire	O
by	O
only	O
backing	O
up	O
changed	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Reducing	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
data	O
sent	O
and	O
also	O
stored	O
can	O
be	O
further	O
drastically	O
reduced	O
by	O
only	O
transmitting	O
the	O
changed	O
data	O
bits	O
by	O
binary	O
or	O
block	O
level	O
incremental	O
backups	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Solutions	B-General_Concept
that	O
transmit	O
only	O
these	O
changed	O
binary	O
data	O
bits	O
do	O
not	O
waste	O
bandwidth	O
by	O
transmitting	O
the	O
same	O
file	O
data	O
over	O
and	O
over	O
again	O
if	O
only	O
small	O
amounts	O
change	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Remote	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
has	O
advantages	O
over	O
traditional	O
backup	B-Protocol
methods	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Remote	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
does	O
not	O
require	O
user	O
intervention	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlimited	O
data	O
retention	O
(	O
presuming	O
the	O
backup	B-Protocol
provider	O
stays	O
in	O
business	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
remote	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
services	I-General_Concept
will	O
work	O
continuously	O
,	O
backing	O
up	O
files	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
changed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
remote	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
services	I-General_Concept
will	O
maintain	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
versions	O
of	O
your	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
remote	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
services	I-General_Concept
will	O
use	O
a	O
128	O
–	O
2048	O
bit	O
encryption	O
to	O
send	O
data	O
over	O
unsecured	O
links	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
few	O
remote	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
services	I-General_Concept
can	O
reduce	O
backup	B-Protocol
by	O
only	O
transmitting	O
changed	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Remote	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
has	O
some	O
disadvantages	O
over	O
traditional	O
backup	B-Protocol
methods	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
data	O
is	O
stored	O
offsite	O
,	O
the	O
data	O
must	O
be	O
recovered	O
either	O
via	O
the	O
Internet	O
or	O
via	O
a	O
disk	O
shipped	O
from	O
the	O
online	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
service	I-General_Concept
provider	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
backup	B-General_Concept
service	I-General_Concept
providers	O
have	O
no	O
guarantee	O
that	O
stored	O
data	O
will	O
be	O
kept	O
private	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
possible	O
that	O
a	O
remote	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
service	I-General_Concept
provider	I-General_Concept
could	O
go	O
out	O
of	O
business	O
or	O
be	O
purchased	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
affect	O
the	O
accessibility	O
of	O
one	O
's	O
data	O
or	O
the	O
cost	O
to	O
continue	O
using	O
the	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Residential	O
broadband	O
services	O
often	O
have	O
monthly	O
limits	O
that	O
preclude	O
large	O
backups	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
also	O
usually	O
asymmetric	O
;	O
the	O
user-to-network	O
link	O
regularly	O
used	O
to	O
store	O
backups	B-Protocol
is	O
much	O
slower	O
than	O
the	O
network-to-user	O
link	O
used	O
only	O
when	O
data	O
is	O
restored	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
terms	O
of	O
price	O
,	O
when	O
looking	O
at	O
the	O
raw	O
cost	O
of	O
hard	O
disks	O
,	O
remote	B-General_Concept
backups	I-General_Concept
cost	O
about	O
1-20	O
times	O
per	O
GB	O
what	O
a	O
local	O
backup	B-Protocol
would	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
services	O
provide	O
expert	O
backup	B-Protocol
management	O
services	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
overall	O
offering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
three	O
distinct	O
types	O
of	O
backup	B-Protocol
modes	O
:	O
scheduled	O
,	O
manual	O
and	O
event-based	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scheduled	O
Backup	B-Protocol
–	O
data	O
is	O
backed	O
up	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
fixed	O
schedule	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Manual	O
Backup	B-Protocol
–	O
backup	B-Protocol
of	O
data	O
is	O
triggered	O
by	O
user	O
input	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Event-based	O
Backup	B-Protocol
–	O
backup	B-Protocol
of	O
data	O
is	O
triggered	O
by	O
some	O
computer	O
events	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
database	O
or	O
application	O
stoppage	O
(	O
cold	O
backup	B-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
