<s>
Reference	B-Application
management	I-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
citation	B-Application
management	I-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
or	O
bibliographic	O
management	O
software	O
is	O
software	O
for	O
scholars	O
and	O
authors	O
to	O
use	O
for	O
recording	O
and	O
utilising	O
bibliographic	O
citations	O
(	O
references	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
managing	O
project	O
references	O
either	O
as	O
a	O
company	O
or	O
an	O
individual	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
of	O
reference	B-Application
management	I-Application
packages	O
has	O
been	O
driven	O
by	O
the	O
rapid	O
expansion	O
of	O
scientific	O
literature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modern	O
reference	B-Application
management	I-Application
packages	O
can	O
usually	O
be	O
integrated	O
with	O
word	B-General_Concept
processors	I-General_Concept
so	O
that	O
a	O
reference	B-Library
list	I-Library
in	O
the	O
appropriate	O
format	O
is	O
produced	O
automatically	O
as	O
an	O
article	O
is	O
written	O
,	O
reducing	O
the	O
risk	O
that	O
a	O
cited	O
source	O
is	O
not	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
reference	B-Library
list	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
will	O
also	O
have	O
a	O
facility	O
for	O
importing	O
the	O
details	O
of	O
publications	O
from	O
bibliographic	B-Library
databases	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Reference	B-Application
management	I-Application
software	I-Application
does	O
not	O
do	O
the	O
same	O
job	O
as	O
a	O
bibliographic	B-Library
database	I-Library
,	O
which	O
tries	O
to	O
list	O
all	O
articles	O
published	O
in	O
a	O
particular	O
discipline	O
or	O
group	O
of	O
disciplines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
bibliographic	B-Library
databases	I-Library
are	O
large	O
and	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
housed	O
on	O
major	O
server	B-Application
installations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Reference	B-Application
management	I-Application
software	I-Application
collects	O
a	O
much	O
smaller	O
database	O
,	O
of	O
the	O
publications	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
or	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
a	O
particular	O
author	O
or	O
group	O
,	O
and	O
such	O
a	O
database	O
can	O
easily	O
be	O
housed	O
on	O
an	O
individual	O
's	O
personal	B-Device
computer	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apart	O
from	O
managing	O
references	O
,	O
most	O
reference	B-Application
management	I-Application
software	I-Application
also	O
enables	O
users	O
to	O
search	O
references	O
from	O
online	O
libraries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
online	O
libraries	O
are	O
usually	O
based	O
on	O
Z39.50	B-Protocol
public	O
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
just	O
need	O
to	O
specify	O
the	O
IP	O
address	O
,	O
database	O
name	O
and	O
keywords	O
to	O
start	O
a	O
Z39.50	B-Protocol
search	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
Z39.50	B-Protocol
is	O
a	O
little	O
out	O
of	O
date	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
popular	O
scientific	O
websites	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Google	B-Library
Scholar	I-Library
,	O
IEEE	O
Xplore	O
and	O
arXiv	O
,	O
do	O
not	O
support	O
the	O
Z39.50	B-Protocol
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Citation	O
creators	O
use	O
web	B-General_Concept
forms	I-General_Concept
to	O
take	O
input	O
and	O
format	O
the	O
output	O
according	O
to	O
guidelines	O
and	O
standards	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Modern	O
Language	O
Association	O
's	O
MLA	O
Style	O
Manual	O
,	O
American	O
Psychological	O
Association	O
's	O
APA	O
style	O
,	O
The	O
Chicago	O
Manual	O
of	O
Style	O
,	O
or	O
Turabian	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
,	O
a	O
comparison	O
of	O
usage	O
of	O
EndNote	B-Library
,	O
RefWorks	B-Library
,	O
and	O
Zotero	B-Application
among	O
the	O
legal	O
scholars	O
at	O
the	O
Oxford	O
University	O
Law	O
Faculty	O
was	O
performed	O
by	O
survey	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
0%	O
of	O
survey	O
participants	O
used	O
RefWorks	B-Library
;	O
40%	O
used	O
Endnote	B-Library
;	O
17%	O
used	O
Zotero	B-Application
,	O
mostly	O
research	O
students	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
difficulty	O
of	O
using	O
RefWorks	B-Library
,	O
Endnote	B-Library
,	O
and	O
Zotero	B-Application
by	O
Oxford	O
legal	O
scholars	O
was	O
estimated	O
by	O
the	O
author	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
comparison	O
of	O
these	O
tools	O
for	O
legal	O
scholars	O
was	O
made	O
across	O
several	O
usage	O
scenarios	O
,	O
including	O
:	O
installing	O
and	O
setting	O
up	O
OSCOLA	O
citation	O
style	O
;	O
building	O
a	O
personal	O
legal	O
bibliographic	O
library	O
and	O
using	O
extracting	O
metadata	O
from	O
legal	O
bibliographic	B-Library
databases	I-Library
;	O
generating	O
footnotes	O
and	O
bibliographies	O
for	O
academic	O
publications	O
;	O
using	O
and	O
modifying	O
OSCOLA	O
citation	O
style	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wikipedia	O
,	O
which	O
runs	O
on	O
MediaWiki	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
has	O
built-in	O
tools	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
references	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
tools	O
—	O
in	O
many	O
ways	O
—	O
have	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
reference-management	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
in	O
that	O
they	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
traditional	O
reference-management	O
tools	O
,	O
MediaWiki	B-Application
does	O
not	O
store	O
references	O
in	O
a	O
database	O
constructed	O
to	O
facilitate	O
ease	O
of	O
citation	O
.	O
</s>
