<s>
A	O
reference	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
software	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
or	O
enterprise	O
architecture	O
provides	O
a	O
template	O
solution	O
for	O
an	O
architecture	O
for	O
a	O
particular	O
domain	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
software	O
reference	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
is	O
a	O
software	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
where	O
the	O
structures	O
and	O
respective	O
elements	O
and	O
relations	O
provide	O
templates	O
for	O
concrete	O
architectures	O
in	O
a	O
particular	O
domain	O
or	O
in	O
a	O
family	O
of	O
software	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
reference	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
often	O
consists	O
of	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
functions	O
and	O
some	O
indication	O
of	O
their	O
interfaces	O
(	O
or	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
)	O
and	O
interactions	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
and	O
with	O
functions	O
located	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
scope	O
of	O
the	O
reference	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Reference	B-Architecture
architectures	I-Architecture
can	O
be	O
defined	O
at	O
different	O
levels	O
of	O
abstraction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
lower	O
level	O
one	O
might	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
interactions	O
of	O
procedures	O
(	O
or	O
methods	B-Language
)	O
within	O
a	O
computer	O
program	O
defined	O
to	O
perform	O
a	O
very	O
specific	O
task	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
reference	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
provides	O
a	O
template	O
,	O
often	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
generalization	O
of	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
solutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Reference	B-Architecture
Architectures	I-Architecture
will	O
be	O
instantiated	O
for	O
a	O
particular	O
domain	O
or	O
for	O
specific	O
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adopting	O
a	O
reference	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
within	O
an	O
organization	O
accelerates	O
delivery	O
through	O
the	O
re-use	O
of	O
an	O
effective	O
solution	O
and	O
provides	O
a	O
basis	O
for	O
governance	O
to	O
ensure	O
the	O
consistency	O
and	O
applicability	O
of	O
technology	O
use	O
within	O
an	O
organization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
software	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
,	O
many	O
empirical	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
the	O
following	O
common	O
benefits	O
and	O
drawbacks	O
from	O
adopting	O
a	O
software	O
reference	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
within	O
organizations	O
:	O
(	O
a	O
)	O
improvement	O
of	O
the	O
interoperability	O
of	O
the	O
software	O
systems	O
by	O
establishing	O
a	O
standard	O
solution	O
and	O
common	O
mechanisms	O
for	O
information	O
exchange	O
;	O
(	O
b	O
)	O
reduction	O
of	O
the	O
development	O
costs	O
of	O
software	O
projects	O
through	O
the	O
reuse	O
of	O
common	O
assets	O
;	O
(	O
c	O
)	O
improvement	O
of	O
the	O
communication	O
inside	O
the	O
organization	O
because	O
stakeholders	O
share	O
the	O
same	O
architectural	O
mindset	O
;	O
and	O
,	O
(	O
d	O
)	O
influencing	O
the	O
learning	B-General_Concept
curve	I-General_Concept
of	O
developers	B-Application
due	O
to	O
the	O
need	O
of	O
learning	O
its	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Java	B-Language
Platform	I-Language
,	I-Language
Enterprise	I-Language
Edition	I-Language
(	O
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
)	O
architecture	O
is	O
a	O
layered	O
reference	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
which	O
provides	O
a	O
template	O
solution	O
for	O
many	O
enterprise	O
systems	O
developed	O
in	O
Java	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
IBM	O
Insurance	O
Application	O
Architecture	O
is	O
a	O
reference	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
for	O
the	O
Insurance	O
domain	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AUTOSAR	B-Application
is	O
a	O
component-based	B-Architecture
reference	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
for	O
automotive	O
software	B-Architecture
architectures	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eulynx	O
is	O
a	O
reference	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
for	O
railway	O
signalling	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
