<s>
The	O
terms	O
Recovery	B-Operating_System
disc	I-Operating_System
(	O
or	O
Disk	O
)	O
,	O
Rescue	O
Disk/Disc	O
and	O
Emergency	O
Disk	O
all	O
refer	O
to	O
a	O
capability	O
to	O
boot	O
from	O
an	O
external	O
device	O
,	O
possibly	O
a	O
thumb	O
drive	O
,	O
that	O
includes	O
a	O
self-running	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
:	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
boot	O
disk/Disc	O
that	O
runs	O
independent	O
of	O
an	O
internal	B-Device
hard	I-Device
drive	I-Device
that	O
may	O
be	O
failing	O
,	O
or	O
for	O
some	O
other	O
reason	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
to	O
be	O
run	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
focus	O
of	O
recovery	O
or	O
rescue	O
is	O
not	O
to	O
lose	O
the	O
data	O
files	O
on	O
the	O
hard	B-Device
drive	I-Device
;	O
the	O
focus	O
of	O
restore	O
is	O
to	O
restore	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
's	O
functionality	O
(	O
and	O
subsequently	O
restore	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
one	O
's	O
latest	O
backups	B-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
rescue/recovery	O
tool	O
uses	O
media	O
containing	O
a	O
backup	B-Protocol
of	O
the	O
original	O
factory	O
condition	O
or	O
a	O
favored	O
condition	O
of	O
a	O
computer	O
as	O
configured	O
by	O
an	O
original	O
equipment	O
manufacturer	O
or	O
an	O
end-user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OEM	O
supplied	O
media	O
are	O
often	O
restore	O
tools	O
shipped	O
with	O
computers	O
to	O
allow	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
reformat	B-Application
the	O
hard	B-Device
drive	I-Device
and	O
reinstall	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
and	O
pre-installed	B-Application
software	I-Application
as	O
it	O
was	O
when	O
it	O
was	O
shipped	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
modern	O
systems	O
have	O
eliminated	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
physical	O
recovery	B-Operating_System
disc	I-Operating_System
and	O
instead	O
store	O
this	O
software	O
in	O
a	O
separate	O
partition	B-Application
on	O
the	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Macintosh	B-Device
computer	I-Device
tool	O
's	O
name	O
is	O
Disk	O
First	O
Aid	O
;	O
on	O
Windows	O
systems	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
Create	O
Disk	O
function	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
a	O
factory	B-General_Concept
reset	I-General_Concept
is	O
done	O
,	O
user	O
data	O
is	O
lost	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
non-destructive	O
alternatives	O
do	O
exist	O
,	O
the	O
standard	O
OEM	O
Systems	O
Recovery	O
of	O
Microsoft	O
Windows-based	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
involves	O
booting	O
from	O
a	O
separate	O
hard	B-Device
drive	I-Device
partition	B-Application
,	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
,	O
or	O
DVD	O
,	O
reformating	O
the	O
hard	B-Device
drive	I-Device
and	O
then	O
copying	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
and	O
software	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
recovery	B-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
use	O
specialized	O
software	O
,	O
though	O
Toshiba	O
and	O
Dell	O
licensed	O
Norton	B-Application
Ghost	I-Application
technology	O
for	O
their	O
recovery	B-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
at	O
one	O
point	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
,	O
Dell	O
uses	O
a	O
Windows	O
Imaging	O
Format	O
based	O
image	O
on	O
a	O
partition	B-Application
along	O
with	O
a	O
tool	O
launched	O
from	O
the	O
Windows	O
Recovery	O
Environment	O
's	O
command	O
prompt	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
modern	O
PCs	O
store	O
their	O
recovery	O
(	O
non-destructive	O
)	O
or	O
restore	O
(	O
destructive	O
)	O
tool	O
on	O
a	O
hard	B-Device
drive	I-Device
partition	B-Application
rather	O
than	O
on	O
bundled	O
CD-ROMs	B-Device
or	O
DVDs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
's	O
less	O
cost	O
to	O
the	O
OEM	O
,	O
but	O
exposes	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
hard	B-Device
drive	I-Device
failure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
application	O
used	O
to	O
create	O
recovery	B-Operating_System
discs	I-Operating_System
or	O
flash	B-Device
drive	I-Device
is	O
sometimes	O
offered	O
to	O
allow	O
a	O
backup	B-Protocol
of	O
the	O
recovery	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Recovery	B-Operating_System
CDs	I-Operating_System
can	O
also	O
sometimes	O
be	O
ordered	O
directly	O
from	O
the	O
OEM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
some	O
computers	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
also	O
recreate	O
the	O
recovery	B-Operating_System
partition	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
recovery	B-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
,	O
such	O
as	O
those	O
included	O
with	O
recent	O
Apple	B-Device
Macintosh	I-Device
models	O
,	O
permit	O
users	O
to	O
download	O
the	O
recovery	B-Operating_System
partition	I-Operating_System
over	O
an	O
internet	O
connection	O
,	O
enabling	O
successful	O
recovery	O
even	O
if	O
the	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
fails	O
or	O
is	O
replaced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
third-party	O
software	O
has	O
the	O
function	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
factory	O
recovery	B-Operating_System
partition	I-Operating_System
and	O
one	O
key	O
system	O
backup	B-Protocol
and	O
restore	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
PC	I-Application
and	O
Server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
advantages	O
of	O
OEM	O
recovery	O
media	O
can	O
be	O
had	O
,	O
without	O
some	O
of	O
their	O
disadvantages	O
,	O
by	O
using	O
disk	B-Application
imaging	I-Application
software	O
such	O
as	O
Mondo	B-Language
Rescue	I-Language
or	O
Acronis	B-Operating_System
True	I-Operating_System
Image	I-Operating_System
to	O
create	O
a	O
bootable	O
recovery	B-Operating_System
CD	I-Operating_System
containing	O
an	O
image	O
of	O
the	O
machine	O
in	O
the	O
desired	O
initial	O
state	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
user	O
can	O
install	O
their	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
install	O
all	O
device	O
drivers	O
for	O
their	O
hardware	O
,	O
install	O
other	O
desired	O
software	O
,	O
and	O
configure	O
other	O
personal	O
settings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
smaller	O
OEMs	O
even	O
use	O
bootable	O
CDs	O
generated	O
by	O
this	O
software	O
as	O
the	O
actual	O
recovery	B-Operating_System
CD	I-Operating_System
or	O
DVD	O
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
manufacturers	O
do	O
not	O
supply	O
a	O
physical	O
"	O
recovery	B-Operating_System
disc	I-Operating_System
,	O
"	O
but	O
instead	O
store	O
the	O
on	O
a	O
partition	B-Application
of	O
the	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
recovery	B-Operating_System
discs	I-Operating_System
,	O
one	O
would	O
use	O
a	O
boot	B-Operating_System
disk	I-Operating_System
to	O
boot	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
then	O
reinstall	O
software	O
as	O
necessary	O
from	O
the	O
original	O
installation	O
media	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
contemporary	O
alternative	O
,	O
particularly	O
used	O
in	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
is	O
the	O
installation	O
disc	O
or	O
discs	O
for	O
a	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
,	O
or	O
a	O
Live	O
CD	O
or	O
Live	O
DVD	O
–	O
a	O
bootable	B-Operating_System
disc	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
boot	O
the	O
system	O
and	O
then	O
either	O
manually	O
troubleshoot	O
and	O
repair	O
problems	O
(	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
live	O
disc	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
re-install	O
or	O
re-configure	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
can	O
legally	O
be	O
re-packaged	O
and	O
distributed	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
barrier	O
to	O
making	O
the	O
full	O
installation	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
a	O
backup	B-Protocol
of	O
system-specific	O
configuration	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
provided	O
on	O
recovery	B-Operating_System
discs	I-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
re-installed	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
may	O
require	O
re-configuration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Application
8	I-Application
includes	O
two	O
built-in	O
recovery	O
options	O
,	O
Refresh	O
and	O
Reset	O
;	O
Refresh	O
re-installs	O
Windows	O
while	O
preserving	O
most	O
user	O
settings	O
,	O
while	O
Reset	O
performs	O
a	O
full	O
restore	O
back	O
to	O
its	O
default	O
configuration	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
factory	O
restore	O
function	O
.	O
</s>
