<s>
Real-time	B-General_Concept
transcription	I-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
general	O
term	O
for	O
transcription	O
by	O
court	O
reporters	O
using	O
real-time	O
text	O
technologies	O
to	O
deliver	O
computer	O
text	O
screens	O
within	O
a	O
few	O
seconds	O
of	O
the	O
words	O
being	O
spoken	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Real-time	B-General_Concept
transcription	I-General_Concept
is	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
broadcasting	B-Operating_System
environment	O
where	O
it	O
is	O
more	O
commonly	O
termed	O
"	O
captioning.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Television	O
broadcast	B-Operating_System
captioners	O
use	O
real-time	O
reporting	O
technology	O
to	O
allow	O
hard-of-hearing	O
or	O
deaf	O
people	O
to	O
see	O
what	O
is	O
being	O
said	O
on	O
live	O
television	O
broadcasts	B-Operating_System
such	O
as	O
news	O
,	O
emergency	O
broadcasts	B-Operating_System
,	O
sporting	O
events	O
,	O
awards	O
shows	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
meantime	O
,	O
magnetic	O
audiotape	O
recording	O
,	O
or	O
known	O
as	O
electronic	B-Device
recording	I-Device
(	O
ER	O
)	O
began	O
to	O
threaten	O
all	O
reporters	O
 '	O
job	O
since	O
it	O
could	O
record	O
long-hour	O
courtroom	O
trials	O
and	O
replace	O
a	O
court	O
reporter	O
's	O
position	O
in	O
the	O
courtroom	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
machine	B-Application
translation	I-Application
(	O
MT	O
)	O
intended	O
to	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
solution	O
for	O
preventing	O
ER	O
from	O
potentially	O
replacing	O
reporters	O
 '	O
jobs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
in	O
1964	O
,	O
set	O
up	O
by	O
CIA	O
,	O
the	O
Automatic	B-General_Concept
Language	I-General_Concept
Processing	I-General_Concept
Advisory	I-General_Concept
Committee	I-General_Concept
(	O
ALPAC	B-General_Concept
)	O
was	O
set	O
to	O
review	O
whether	O
MT	O
was	O
capable	O
of	O
solving	O
this	O
crisis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Then	O
Patrick	O
O'Neill	O
,	O
a	O
skilled	O
and	O
experienced	O
court	O
reporter	O
,	O
stayed	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
the	O
stenotype-translation	O
project	O
with	O
CIA	O
and	O
developed	O
the	O
prototype	O
CAT	B-Application
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
adopting	O
the	O
CAT	B-Application
system	O
in	O
court-reporting	O
community	O
,	O
CAT	B-Application
was	O
brought	O
into	O
the	O
television	O
broadcasting	B-Operating_System
system	O
,	O
aiming	O
to	O
provide	O
captions	O
for	O
the	O
deaf	O
or	O
hard-of-hearing	O
communities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1983	O
,	O
Linda	O
Miller	O
developed	O
a	O
further	O
use	O
for	O
the	O
CAT	B-Application
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
reason	O
to	O
have	O
an	O
official	O
court	O
transcript	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
transcriptions	I-General_Concept
allows	O
attorneys	O
and	O
judges	O
to	O
have	O
immediate	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
transcript	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
deaf	O
and	O
the	O
hard-of-hearing	O
communities	O
can	O
also	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
judicial	O
process	O
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
transcriptions	I-General_Concept
provided	O
by	O
court	O
reporters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
instances	O
may	O
cause	O
a	O
disruption	O
of	O
reliability	O
in	O
the	O
final	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
transcription	I-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
could	O
influence	O
how	O
the	O
written	O
utterance	O
is	O
seen	O
as	O
an	O
evidence	O
for	O
a	O
court-case	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Constructing	O
"	O
Computer-Compatible	O
"	O
Stenographers	O
:	O
The	O
Transition	O
to	O
Real-Time	B-General_Concept
Transcription	I-General_Concept
in	O
Courtroom	O
Reporting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Real-time	B-General_Concept
Transcription	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
