<s>
A	O
reading	B-General_Concept
path	I-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
term	O
used	O
by	O
Gunther	O
Kress	O
in	O
Literacy	O
in	O
the	O
New	O
Media	O
Age	O
(	O
2003	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Kress	O
,	O
a	O
professor	O
of	O
English	O
Education	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
London	O
,	O
a	O
reading	B-General_Concept
path	I-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
way	O
that	O
the	O
text	O
,	O
or	O
text	O
plus	O
other	O
features	O
,	O
can	O
determine	O
or	O
order	O
the	O
way	O
that	O
we	O
read	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
such	O
a	O
reading	B-General_Concept
path	I-General_Concept
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
sequential	O
time	O
to	O
the	O
text	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
with	O
non-linear	O
text	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
text	O
found	O
when	O
reading	B-General_Concept
a	O
computer	O
screen	O
,	O
where	O
text	O
is	O
often	O
combined	O
with	O
visual	O
elements	O
,	O
the	O
reading	B-General_Concept
path	I-General_Concept
is	O
non-linear	O
and	O
non-sequential	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kress	O
suggests	O
that	O
reading	B-General_Concept
paths	I-General_Concept
that	O
contain	O
visual	O
images	O
are	O
more	O
open	O
to	O
interpretation	B-Application
and	O
the	O
reader	O
's	O
construction	O
of	O
meaning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
linear	O
reading	B-General_Concept
path	I-General_Concept
might	O
be	O
a	O
textbook	O
,	O
with	O
pictures	O
,	O
or	O
paragraphs	O
where	O
the	O
reader	O
is	O
led	O
to	O
assume	O
cause-and-effect	O
sequences	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
non-linear	O
reading	B-General_Concept
path	I-General_Concept
might	O
be	O
a	O
text	O
that	O
has	O
images	O
alongside	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kress	O
argues	O
that	O
this	O
different	O
mode	O
yields	O
a	O
different	O
affordance	O
;	O
the	O
visual	O
image	O
allows	O
for	O
open	O
interpretation	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
concrete	O
example	O
on	O
paper	O
might	O
be	O
a	O
diagram	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
flow	B-Language
chart	I-Language
or	O
graphic	O
organizers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
such	O
multi-modal	O
texts	O
,	O
the	O
reading	B-General_Concept
path	I-General_Concept
is	O
much	O
less	O
linear	O
and	O
more	O
open	O
to	O
the	O
reader	O
's	O
interpretation	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
idea	O
that	O
reading	B-General_Concept
paths	I-General_Concept
differ	O
according	O
to	O
evolving	O
,	O
emerging	O
,	O
multi-modal	O
texts	O
,	O
are	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
New	O
literacy	O
studies	O
,	O
visual	O
rhetoric	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
multiliteracies	O
.	O
</s>
