<s>
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
(	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
small	O
single-board	B-Device
computers	I-Device
(	O
SBCs	O
)	O
developed	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
by	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Foundation	O
in	O
association	O
with	O
Broadcom	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
project	O
originally	O
leaned	O
towards	O
the	O
promotion	O
of	O
teaching	O
basic	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
in	O
schools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
typically	O
used	O
by	O
computer	O
and	O
electronic	O
hobbyists	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
adoption	O
of	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
and	O
USB	B-Protocol
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
second	O
board	O
type	O
,	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Foundation	O
set	O
up	O
a	O
new	O
entity	O
,	O
named	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Trading	O
,	O
and	O
installed	O
Eben	O
Upton	O
as	O
CEO	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
responsibility	O
of	O
developing	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Foundation	O
was	O
rededicated	O
as	O
an	O
educational	O
charity	O
for	O
promoting	O
the	O
teaching	O
of	O
basic	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
in	O
schools	O
and	O
developing	O
countries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
surpassed	O
the	O
ZX	B-Operating_System
Spectrum	I-Operating_System
in	O
unit	O
sales	O
,	O
becoming	O
the	O
best	O
selling	O
British	B-Device
computer	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
three	O
series	O
of	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
several	O
generations	O
of	O
each	O
have	O
been	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
SBCs	O
feature	O
a	O
Broadcom	O
system	B-Architecture
on	I-Architecture
a	I-Architecture
chip	I-Architecture
(	O
SoC	B-Architecture
)	O
with	O
an	O
integrated	O
ARM-compatible	O
central	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
unit	I-General_Concept
(	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
)	O
and	O
on-chip	O
graphics	B-Architecture
processing	I-Architecture
unit	I-Architecture
(	O
GPU	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
while	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Pico	O
has	O
a	O
RP2040	O
system	B-Architecture
on	I-Architecture
chip	I-Architecture
with	O
an	O
integrated	O
ARM-compatible	O
central	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
unit	I-General_Concept
(	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first-generation	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Model	O
B	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
February	O
2012	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
simpler	O
and	O
cheaper	O
Model	O
A	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
Foundation	O
released	O
a	O
board	O
with	O
an	O
improved	O
design	O
,	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Model	O
B+	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
"	O
Compute	O
Module	O
"	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
April	O
2014	O
for	O
embedded	B-Architecture
applications	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
2	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
February	O
2015	O
and	O
initially	O
featured	O
a	O
900MHz	O
32-bit	O
quad-core	B-Architecture
ARM	B-Application
Cortex-A7	I-Application
processor	O
with	O
1	O
GB	O
RAM	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Revision	O
1.2	O
featured	O
a	O
900MHz	O
64-bit	B-Device
quad-core	B-Architecture
ARM	B-Architecture
Cortex-A53	O
processor	O
(	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3	O
Model	O
B	O
,	O
but	O
underclocked	B-Device
to	O
900MHz	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3	O
Model	O
B	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
February	O
2016	O
with	O
a	O
1.2GHz	O
64-bit	B-Device
quad	B-Architecture
core	I-Architecture
ARM	B-Architecture
Cortex-A53	O
processor	O
,	O
on-board	O
802.11n	O
Wi-Fi	O
,	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
and	O
USB	B-Protocol
boot	B-Operating_System
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Pi	O
Day	O
2018	O
,	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3	O
Model	O
B+	O
was	O
launched	O
with	O
a	O
faster	O
1.4GHz	O
processor	O
,	O
a	O
three-times	O
faster	O
Gigabit	O
Ethernet	O
(	O
throughput	O
limited	O
to	O
ca	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
300	O
Mbit/s	O
by	O
the	O
internal	O
USB	B-Protocol
2.0	O
connection	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
2.4	O
/	O
5GHz	O
dual-band	O
802.11ac	O
Wi-Fi	O
(	O
100	O
Mbit/s	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
features	O
are	O
Power	B-Device
over	I-Device
Ethernet	I-Device
(	O
PoE	B-Device
)	O
(	O
with	O
the	O
add-on	O
PoE	B-Device
HAT	O
)	O
,	O
USB	B-Protocol
boot	B-Operating_System
and	O
network	B-Device
boot	I-Device
(	O
an	O
SD	B-Device
card	I-Device
is	O
no	O
longer	O
required	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
4	O
Model	O
B	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
June	O
2019	O
with	O
a	O
1.5GHz	O
64-bit	B-Device
quad	B-Architecture
core	I-Architecture
ARM	B-Architecture
Cortex-A72	O
processor	O
,	O
on-board	O
802.11ac	O
Wi-Fi	O
,	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
5	O
,	O
full	O
gigabit	O
Ethernet	O
(	O
throughput	O
not	O
limited	O
)	O
,	O
two	O
USB	B-Protocol
2.0	O
ports	O
,	O
two	O
USB	B-Protocol
3.0	O
ports	O
,	O
1	O
–	O
8	O
GB	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
,	O
and	O
dual-monitor	O
support	O
via	O
a	O
pair	O
of	O
micro	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
(	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Type	O
D	O
)	O
ports	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
4K	B-Architecture
resolution	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
version	O
with	O
1	O
GB	O
RAM	B-Architecture
has	O
been	O
abandoned	O
and	O
the	O
prices	O
of	O
the	O
2	O
GB	O
version	O
have	O
been	O
reduced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Pi	O
4	O
is	O
also	O
powered	O
via	O
a	O
USB-C	O
port	O
,	O
enabling	O
additional	O
power	O
to	O
be	O
provided	O
to	O
downstream	O
peripherals	O
,	O
when	O
used	O
with	O
an	O
appropriate	O
PSU	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
initial	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
4	O
board	O
has	O
a	O
design	O
flaw	O
where	O
third-party	O
e-marked	O
USB	B-Protocol
cables	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
those	O
used	O
on	O
Apple	O
MacBooks	O
,	O
incorrectly	O
identify	O
it	O
and	O
refuse	O
to	O
provide	O
power	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
manufacturer	O
is	O
now	O
using	O
this	O
chip	B-Application
for	O
the	O
Pi	O
4	O
B	O
and	O
Pi	O
400	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
400	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
November	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
modern	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
keyboard	B-Device
computer	I-Device
,	O
it	O
features	O
4	O
GB	O
of	O
LPDDR4	O
RAM	B-Architecture
on	O
a	O
custom	O
board	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
existing	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
4	O
combined	O
with	O
a	O
keyboard	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
case	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
case	O
was	O
derived	O
from	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Keyboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
a	O
broad	O
metal	O
plate	O
)	O
and	O
an	O
upgraded	O
switched-mode	O
power	O
supply	O
allow	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
400	O
's	O
Broadcom	O
BCM2711C0	O
processor	O
to	O
be	O
clocked	O
at	O
1.8GHz	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
20%	O
faster	O
than	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
4	O
upon	O
which	O
it	O
is	O
based	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Zero	I-Operating_System
with	O
smaller	O
size	O
and	O
reduced	O
input/output	B-General_Concept
(	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
)	O
and	O
general-purpose	B-Architecture
input/output	I-Architecture
(	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
)	O
capabilities	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
November	O
2015	O
for	O
US$5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
16	O
May	O
2016	O
,	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Zero	I-Operating_System
v1.3	O
was	O
released	O
,	O
which	O
added	O
a	O
camera	O
connector	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
28	O
February	O
2017	O
,	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Zero	I-Operating_System
W	O
was	O
launched	O
,	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Zero	O
with	O
Wi-Fi	O
and	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
capabilities	O
,	O
for	O
US$10	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
12	O
January	O
2018	O
,	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Zero	I-Operating_System
WH	O
was	O
launched	O
,	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Zero	O
W	O
with	O
pre-soldered	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
headers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
28	O
October	O
2021	O
,	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Zero	I-Operating_System
2	O
W	O
was	O
launched	O
,	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Zero	O
W	O
with	O
a	O
system	B-Algorithm
in	I-Algorithm
a	I-Algorithm
package	I-Algorithm
(	O
SiP	B-Algorithm
)	O
designed	O
by	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
and	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
older	O
Zero	O
models	O
,	O
the	O
Pi	B-Operating_System
Zero	I-Operating_System
2	O
W	O
is	O
64-bit	B-Device
capable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Pico	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
January	O
2021	O
with	O
a	O
retail	O
price	O
of	O
$4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
's	O
first	O
board	O
based	O
upon	O
a	O
single	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
chip	B-Application
;	O
the	O
RP2040	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
designed	O
by	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
in	O
the	O
UK	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Pico	O
has	O
264	O
KB	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
and	O
2	O
MB	O
of	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
programmable	O
in	O
C	B-Language
,	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
Assembly	B-Language
,	O
MicroPython	B-Language
,	O
CircuitPython	B-Device
and	O
Rust	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Foundation	O
has	O
partnered	O
with	O
Adafruit	O
,	O
Pimoroni	O
,	O
Arduino	O
and	O
SparkFun	O
to	O
build	O
accessories	O
for	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Pico	O
and	O
variety	O
of	O
other	O
boards	O
using	O
RP2040	O
Silicon	O
Platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rather	O
than	O
perform	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
general	O
purpose	O
computer	O
(	O
like	O
the	O
others	O
in	O
the	O
range	O
)	O
it	O
is	O
designed	O
for	O
physical	B-General_Concept
computing	I-General_Concept
,	O
similar	O
in	O
concept	O
to	O
an	O
Arduino	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
30	O
June	O
2022	O
,	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Pico	O
W	O
was	O
launched	O
,	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Pico	O
with	O
802.11n	O
Wi-Fi	O
capability	O
,	O
for	O
US$6	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CYW43439	O
wireless	O
chip	B-Application
in	O
the	O
Pico	O
W	O
also	O
supports	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
,	O
but	O
the	O
capability	O
was	O
not	O
enabled	O
at	O
launch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Family	O
Model	O
SoC	B-Architecture
Memory	B-General_Concept
Form	O
Factor	O
Ethernet	O
Wireless	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
Released	O
Discontinued	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
B	O
BCM2835	B-Operating_System
256	O
MB	O
Standard	O
Yes	O
No	O
26-pin	O
2012	O
Yes	O
(	O
????	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
hardware	O
has	O
evolved	O
through	O
several	O
versions	O
that	O
feature	O
variations	O
in	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
the	O
central	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
unit	I-General_Concept
,	O
amount	O
of	O
memory	B-General_Concept
capacity	O
,	O
networking	O
support	O
,	O
and	O
peripheral-device	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Pi	B-Operating_System
Zero	I-Operating_System
models	O
are	O
similar	O
,	O
but	O
lack	O
the	O
Ethernet	O
and	O
USB	B-Protocol
hub	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Ethernet	O
adapter	O
is	O
internally	O
connected	O
to	O
an	O
additional	O
USB	B-Protocol
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Model	O
A	O
,	O
A+	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Pi	B-Operating_System
Zero	I-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
USB	B-Protocol
port	O
is	O
connected	O
directly	O
to	O
the	O
system	B-Architecture
on	I-Architecture
a	I-Architecture
chip	I-Architecture
(	O
SoC	B-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
Pi	O
1	O
Model	O
B+	O
and	O
later	O
models	O
the	O
USB/Ethernet	O
chip	B-Application
contains	O
a	O
five-port	O
USB	B-Protocol
hub	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
four	O
ports	O
are	O
available	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
Pi	O
1	O
Model	O
B	O
only	O
provides	O
two	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
Pi	B-Operating_System
Zero	I-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
USB	B-Protocol
port	O
is	O
also	O
connected	O
directly	O
to	O
the	O
SoC	B-Architecture
,	O
but	O
it	O
uses	O
a	O
micro	O
USB	B-Protocol
(	O
OTG	O
)	O
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
all	O
other	O
Pi	O
models	O
,	O
the	O
40	O
pin	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
connector	O
is	O
omitted	O
on	O
the	O
Pi	B-Operating_System
Zero	I-Operating_System
,	O
with	O
solderable	O
through-holes	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
pin	O
locations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Pi	B-Operating_System
Zero	I-Operating_System
WH	O
remedies	O
this	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Processor	O
speed	O
ranges	O
from	O
700	O
MHz	O
to	O
1.4	O
GHz	O
for	O
the	O
Pi	O
3	O
Model	O
B+	O
or	O
1.5	O
GHz	O
for	O
the	O
Pi	O
4	O
;	O
on-board	O
memory	B-General_Concept
ranges	O
from	O
256	O
MB	O
to	O
8	O
GB	O
random-access	B-Architecture
memory	I-Architecture
(	O
RAM	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
with	O
only	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
4	O
having	O
more	O
than	O
1	O
GB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Secure	B-Device
Digital	I-Device
(	O
SD	B-Device
)	O
cards	O
in	O
MicroSDHC	O
form	O
factor	O
(	O
SDHC	O
on	O
early	O
models	O
)	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
store	O
the	O
operating	O
system	O
and	O
program	O
memory	B-General_Concept
,	O
however	O
some	O
models	O
also	O
come	O
with	O
onboard	O
eMMC	O
storage	O
and	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
4	O
can	O
also	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
USB-attached	O
SSD	B-Device
storage	O
for	O
its	O
operating	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
boards	O
have	O
one	O
to	O
five	O
USB	B-Protocol
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
video	O
output	O
,	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
and	O
composite	O
video	O
are	O
supported	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
standard	O
3.5mm	O
tip-ring-sleeve	B-Device
jack	O
carrying	O
mono	O
audio	O
together	O
with	O
composite	O
video	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lower-level	O
output	O
is	O
provided	O
by	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
pins	O
,	O
which	O
support	O
common	O
protocols	O
like	O
I²C	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
B-models	O
have	O
an	O
8P8C	O
Ethernet	O
port	O
and	O
the	O
Pi	O
3	O
,	O
Pi	O
4	O
and	O
Pi	B-Operating_System
Zero	I-Operating_System
W	O
have	O
on-board	O
Wi-Fi	O
802.11n	O
and	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Broadcom	O
BCM2835	B-Operating_System
SoC	B-Architecture
used	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
generation	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
includes	O
a	O
700	O
MHz	O
32-bit	O
ARM1176JZF-S	O
processor	O
,	O
VideoCore	B-General_Concept
IV	O
graphics	B-Architecture
processing	I-Architecture
unit	I-Architecture
(	O
GPU	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
and	O
RAM	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
a	O
level	O
1	O
(	O
L1	O
)	O
cache	B-General_Concept
of	O
16	O
KB	O
and	O
a	O
level	O
2	O
(	O
L2	O
)	O
cache	B-General_Concept
of	O
128	O
KB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
level	O
2	O
cache	B-General_Concept
is	O
used	O
primarily	O
by	O
the	O
GPU	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SoC	B-Architecture
is	O
stacked	B-Algorithm
underneath	O
the	O
RAM	B-Architecture
chip	I-Architecture
,	O
so	O
only	O
its	O
edge	O
is	O
visible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ARM1176JZ(F )	O
-S	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
used	O
in	O
the	O
original	B-Operating_System
iPhone	I-Operating_System
,	O
although	O
at	O
a	O
higher	O
clock	O
rate	O
,	O
and	O
mated	O
with	O
a	O
much	O
faster	O
GPU	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
earlier	O
V1.1	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
2	O
used	O
a	O
Broadcom	O
BCM2836	O
SoC	B-Architecture
with	O
a	O
900MHz	O
32-bit	O
,	O
quad-core	B-Architecture
ARM	B-Application
Cortex-A7	I-Application
processor	O
,	O
with	O
256	O
KB	O
shared	O
L2	O
cache	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
2	O
V1.2	O
was	O
upgraded	O
to	O
a	O
Broadcom	O
BCM2837	O
SoC	B-Architecture
with	O
a	O
1.2GHz	O
64-bit	B-Device
quad-core	B-Architecture
ARM	B-Architecture
Cortex-A53	O
processor	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
one	O
which	O
is	O
used	O
on	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3	O
,	O
but	O
underclocked	B-Device
(	O
by	O
default	O
)	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
900MHz	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
clock	O
speed	O
as	O
the	O
V1.1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BCM2836	O
SoC	B-Architecture
is	O
no	O
longer	O
in	O
production	O
as	O
of	O
late	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3	O
Model	O
B	O
uses	O
a	O
Broadcom	O
BCM2837	O
SoC	B-Architecture
with	O
a	O
1.2GHz	O
64-bit	B-Device
quad-core	B-Architecture
ARM	B-Architecture
Cortex-A53	O
processor	O
,	O
with	O
512	O
KB	O
shared	O
L2	O
cache	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
4	O
uses	O
a	O
Broadcom	O
BCM2711	O
SoC	B-Architecture
with	O
a	O
1.5GHz	O
(	O
later	O
models	O
:	O
1.8GHz	O
)	O
64-bit	B-Device
quad-core	B-Architecture
ARM	B-Architecture
Cortex-A72	O
processor	O
,	O
with	O
1	O
MB	O
shared	O
L2	O
cache	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
previous	O
models	O
,	O
which	O
all	O
used	O
a	O
custom	O
interrupt	B-Architecture
controller	I-Architecture
poorly	O
suited	O
for	O
virtualisation	O
,	O
the	O
interrupt	B-Architecture
controller	I-Architecture
on	O
this	O
SoC	B-Architecture
is	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
ARM	B-Architecture
Generic	O
Interrupt	B-Architecture
Controller	I-Architecture
(	O
GIC	O
)	O
architecture	O
2.0	O
,	O
providing	O
hardware	O
support	O
for	O
interrupt	O
distribution	O
when	O
using	O
ARM	B-Architecture
virtualisation	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Zero	I-Operating_System
and	O
Zero	O
W	O
use	O
the	O
same	O
Broadcom	O
BCM2835	B-Operating_System
SoC	B-Architecture
as	O
the	O
first	O
generation	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
,	O
although	O
now	O
running	O
at	O
1GHz	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
clock	O
speed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Zero	I-Operating_System
W	O
2	O
uses	O
the	O
RP3A0-AU	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
,	O
a	O
1GHz	O
64	B-Device
bit	I-Device
ARM	B-Architecture
Cortex	O
A53	O
,	O
on	O
512MB	O
of	O
SDRAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Documentation	O
states	O
this	O
"	O
system-on-package	O
"	O
is	O
a	O
Broadcom	O
BCM2710A1	O
package	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
BCM2837	O
Broadcom	O
chip	B-Application
as	O
core	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
an	O
ARM	B-Architecture
v8	O
quad-core	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3	O
also	O
uses	O
the	O
BCM2837	O
,	O
but	O
clocked	O
at	O
1.2GHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Pico	O
uses	O
the	O
RP2040	O
running	O
at	O
133MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
operating	O
at	O
700MHz	O
by	O
default	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
generation	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
provided	O
a	O
real-world	O
performance	O
roughly	O
equivalent	O
to	O
0.041	O
GFLOPS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
level	O
the	O
performance	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
300MHz	O
Pentium	B-General_Concept
II	I-General_Concept
of	O
1997	O
–	O
99	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GPU	B-Architecture
provides	O
1	O
Gpixel/s	O
or	O
1.5	O
Gtexel/s	O
of	O
graphics	O
processing	B-Application
or	O
24	O
GFLOPS	O
of	O
general	O
purpose	O
computing	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
graphical	O
capabilities	O
of	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
are	O
roughly	O
equivalent	O
to	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
Xbox	B-Application
of	O
2001	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
2	O
V1.1	O
included	O
a	O
quad-core	B-Architecture
Cortex-A7	B-Application
CPU	B-General_Concept
running	O
at	O
900MHz	O
and	O
1	O
GB	O
RAM	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GPU	B-Architecture
was	O
identical	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
parallelised	B-Operating_System
benchmarks	O
,	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
2	O
V1.1	O
could	O
be	O
up	O
to	O
14	O
times	O
faster	O
than	O
a	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
1	O
Model	O
B+	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
quad-core	B-Architecture
Cortex-A53	O
processor	O
,	O
is	O
described	O
as	O
having	O
ten	O
times	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
a	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Benchmarks	O
showed	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3	O
to	O
be	O
approximately	O
80%	O
faster	O
than	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
2	O
in	O
parallelised	B-Operating_System
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
4	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
quad-core	B-Architecture
Cortex-A72	O
processor	O
,	O
is	O
described	O
as	O
having	O
three	O
times	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
a	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
systems-on-chip	B-Architecture
could	O
be	O
overclocked	B-Application
to	O
800MHz	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
to	O
1000MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
reports	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
2	O
can	O
be	O
similarly	O
overclocked	B-Application
,	O
in	O
extreme	O
cases	O
,	O
even	O
to	O
1500MHz	O
(	O
discarding	O
all	O
safety	O
features	O
and	O
over-voltage	O
limitations	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Raspberry	B-Application
Pi	I-Application
OS	I-Application
the	O
overclocking	B-Application
options	O
on	O
boot	B-Operating_System
can	O
be	O
made	O
by	O
a	O
software	O
command	O
running	O
"	O
sudo	O
raspi-config	O
"	O
without	O
voiding	O
the	O
warranty	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
those	O
cases	O
the	O
Pi	O
automatically	O
shuts	O
the	O
overclocking	B-Application
down	O
if	O
the	O
chip	B-Application
temperature	O
reaches	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
override	O
automatic	O
over-voltage	O
and	O
overclocking	B-Application
settings	O
(	O
voiding	O
the	O
warranty	O
)	O
;	O
an	O
appropriately	O
sized	O
heat	O
sink	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
chip	B-Application
from	O
serious	O
overheating	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Newer	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
firmware	B-Application
contain	O
the	O
option	O
to	O
choose	O
between	O
five	O
overclock	B-Application
(	O
"	O
turbo	O
"	O
)	O
presets	O
that	O
,	O
when	O
used	O
,	O
attempt	O
to	O
maximise	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
SoC	B-Architecture
without	O
impairing	O
the	O
lifetime	O
of	O
the	O
board	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
done	O
by	O
monitoring	O
the	O
core	O
temperature	O
of	O
the	O
chip	B-Application
and	O
the	O
CPU	B-Operating_System
load	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
dynamically	O
adjusting	O
clock	O
speeds	O
and	O
the	O
core	B-Device
voltage	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
demand	O
is	O
low	O
on	O
the	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
or	O
it	O
is	O
running	O
too	O
hot	O
,	O
the	O
performance	O
is	O
throttled	O
,	O
but	O
if	O
the	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
has	O
much	O
to	O
do	O
and	O
the	O
chip	B-Application
's	O
temperature	O
is	O
acceptable	O
,	O
performance	O
is	O
temporarily	O
increased	O
with	O
clock	O
speeds	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
1GHz	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
board	O
version	O
and	O
on	O
which	O
of	O
the	O
turbo	O
settings	O
is	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
overclocking	B-Application
modes	O
are	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
none	O
700	O
MHz	O
ARM	B-Architecture
250	O
MHz	O
core	O
400	O
MHz	O
SDRAM	O
0	O
overvolting	O
modest	O
800	O
MHz	O
ARM	B-Architecture
250	O
MHz	O
core	O
400	O
MHz	O
SDRAM	O
0	O
overvolting	O
medium	O
900	O
MHz	O
ARM	B-Architecture
250	O
MHz	O
core	O
450	O
MHz	O
SDRAM	O
2	O
overvolting	O
high	O
950	O
MHz	O
ARM	B-Architecture
250	O
MHz	O
core	O
450	O
MHz	O
SDRAM	O
6	O
overvolting	O
turbo	O
1000	O
MHz	O
ARM	B-Architecture
500	O
MHz	O
core	O
600	O
MHz	O
SDRAM	O
6	O
overvolting	O
Pi	O
2	O
1000	O
MHz	O
ARM	B-Architecture
500	O
MHz	O
core	O
500	O
MHz	O
SDRAM	O
2	O
overvolting	O
Pi	O
3	O
1100	O
MHz	O
ARM	B-Architecture
550	O
MHz	O
core	O
500	O
MHz	O
SDRAM	O
6	O
overvolting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
system	O
information	O
the	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
speed	O
appears	O
as	O
1200	O
MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
highest	O
(	O
turbo	O
)	O
mode	O
the	O
SDRAM	O
clock	O
speed	O
was	O
originally	O
500MHz	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
was	O
later	O
changed	O
to	O
600MHz	O
because	O
of	O
occasional	O
SD	B-Device
card	I-Device
corruption	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
of	O
the	O
first	O
and	O
second	O
generation	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
board	O
did	O
not	O
require	O
cooling	O
with	O
a	O
heat	O
sink	O
or	O
fan	B-Application
,	O
even	O
when	O
overclocked	B-Application
,	O
but	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3	O
may	O
generate	O
more	O
heat	O
when	O
overclocked	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
early	O
designs	O
of	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Model	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
boards	O
included	O
only	O
256	O
MB	O
of	O
random	B-Architecture
access	I-Architecture
memory	I-Architecture
(	O
RAM	B-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Of	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
early	O
beta	O
Model	O
B	O
boards	O
allocated	O
128	O
MB	O
to	O
the	O
GPU	B-Architecture
by	O
default	O
,	O
leaving	O
only	O
128	O
MB	O
for	O
the	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
default	O
split	O
was	O
192	O
MB	O
for	O
the	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
should	O
be	O
sufficient	O
for	O
standalone	O
1080p	O
video	O
decoding	O
,	O
or	O
for	O
simple	O
3D	O
processing	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
224	O
MB	O
was	O
for	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
processing	B-Application
only	O
,	O
with	O
only	O
a	O
1080p	O
framebuffer	B-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
was	O
likely	O
to	O
fail	O
for	O
any	O
video	O
or	O
3D	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
128	O
MB	O
was	O
for	O
heavy	O
3D	O
processing	B-Application
,	O
possibly	O
also	O
with	O
video	O
decoding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
comparison	O
,	O
the	O
Nokia	B-Language
701	I-Language
uses	O
128	O
MB	O
for	O
the	O
Broadcom	O
VideoCore	B-General_Concept
IV	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
later	O
Model	O
B	O
with	O
512	O
MB	O
RAM	B-Architecture
,	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
15	O
October	O
2012	O
and	O
was	O
initially	O
released	O
with	O
new	O
standard	O
memory	B-General_Concept
split	O
files	O
(	O
arm256_start.elf	O
,	O
arm384_start.elf	O
,	O
arm496_start.elf	O
)	O
with	O
256	O
MB	O
,	O
384	O
MB	O
,	O
and	O
496	O
MB	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
RAM	B-Architecture
,	O
and	O
with	O
256	O
MB	O
,	O
128	O
MB	O
,	O
and	O
16	O
MB	O
video	O
RAM	B-Architecture
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
about	O
one	O
week	O
later	O
,	O
the	O
foundation	O
released	O
a	O
new	O
version	O
of	O
start.elf	O
that	O
could	O
read	O
a	O
new	O
entry	O
in	O
config.txt	O
(	O
gpu_mem	O
=	O
xx	O
)	O
and	O
could	O
dynamically	O
assign	O
an	O
amount	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
(	O
from	O
16	O
to	O
256	O
MB	O
in	O
8	O
MB	O
steps	O
)	O
to	O
the	O
GPU	B-Architecture
,	O
obsoleting	O
the	O
older	O
method	O
of	O
splitting	O
memory	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
a	O
single	O
start.elf	O
worked	O
the	O
same	O
for	O
256	O
MB	O
and	O
512	O
MB	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pis	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
2	O
has	O
1	O
GB	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3	O
has	O
1	O
GB	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
in	O
the	O
B	O
and	O
B+	O
models	O
,	O
and	O
512	O
MB	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
in	O
the	O
A+	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Zero	I-Operating_System
and	O
Zero	O
W	O
have	O
512	O
MB	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
4	O
is	O
available	O
with	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
4	O
or	O
8	O
GB	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Model	O
A	O
,	O
A+	O
and	O
Pi	B-Operating_System
Zero	I-Operating_System
have	O
no	O
Ethernet	O
circuitry	O
and	O
are	O
commonly	O
connected	O
to	O
a	O
network	O
using	O
an	O
external	O
user-supplied	O
USB	B-Protocol
Ethernet	O
or	O
Wi-Fi	O
adapter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
the	O
Ethernet	O
port	O
is	O
provided	O
by	O
a	O
built-in	O
USB	B-Protocol
Ethernet	O
adapter	O
using	O
the	O
SMSC	O
LAN9514	O
chip	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3	O
and	O
Pi	B-Operating_System
Zero	I-Operating_System
W	O
(	O
wireless	O
)	O
are	O
equipped	O
with	O
2.4GHz	O
WiFi	O
802.11n	O
and	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
4.1	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Broadcom	O
BCM43438	O
FullMAC	O
chip	B-Application
with	O
no	O
official	O
support	O
for	O
monitor	B-Protocol
mode	I-Protocol
(	O
though	O
it	O
was	O
implemented	O
through	O
unofficial	O
firmware	B-Application
patching	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
Pi	O
3	O
also	O
has	O
a	O
10/100	O
Mbit/s	O
Ethernet	O
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3B+	O
features	O
dual-band	O
IEEE	O
802.11b/g/n/ac	O
WiFi	O
,	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
4.2	O
,	O
and	O
Gigabit	O
Ethernet	O
(	O
limited	O
to	O
approximately	O
300	O
Mbit/s	O
by	O
the	O
USB	B-Protocol
2.0	O
bus	O
between	O
it	O
and	O
the	O
SoC	B-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
4	O
has	O
full	O
gigabit	O
Ethernet	O
(	O
throughput	O
is	O
not	O
limited	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
funnelled	O
via	O
the	O
USB	B-Protocol
chip	B-Application
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
RPi	B-Operating_System
Zero	O
,	O
RPi1A	O
,	O
RPi3A+	O
and	O
RPi4	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
USB	B-Protocol
device	O
or	O
"	O
USB	B-Protocol
gadget	O
"	O
,	O
plugged	O
into	O
another	O
computer	O
via	O
a	O
USB	B-Protocol
port	O
on	O
another	O
machine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
be	O
configured	O
in	O
multiple	O
ways	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
functioning	O
as	O
a	O
serial	B-Protocol
or	O
Ethernet	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
originally	O
requiring	O
software	O
patches	O
,	O
this	O
was	O
added	O
into	O
the	O
mainline	O
Raspbian	B-Application
distribution	O
in	O
May	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
models	O
with	O
a	O
newer	O
chipset	B-Device
can	O
boot	B-Operating_System
from	O
USB	B-Architecture
mass	I-Architecture
storage	I-Architecture
,	O
such	O
as	O
from	O
a	O
flash	O
drive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Booting	B-Operating_System
from	O
USB	B-Architecture
mass	I-Architecture
storage	I-Architecture
is	O
not	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
original	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
models	O
,	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Zero	I-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Pico	O
,	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
2	O
A	O
models	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
2	O
B	O
models	O
with	O
versions	O
lower	O
than	O
1.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
often	O
pre-configured	O
to	O
operate	O
as	O
a	O
headless	B-Application
computer	I-Application
,	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
may	O
also	O
optionally	O
be	O
operated	O
with	O
any	O
generic	O
USB	B-Protocol
computer	O
keyboard	O
and	O
mouse	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
USB	B-Architecture
storage	I-Architecture
,	O
USB	B-Protocol
to	O
MIDI	O
converters	O
,	O
and	O
virtually	O
any	O
other	O
device/component	O
with	O
USB	B-Protocol
capabilities	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
installed	O
device	O
drivers	O
in	O
the	O
underlying	O
operating	O
system	O
(	O
many	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
included	O
by	O
default	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
peripherals	O
can	O
be	O
attached	O
through	O
the	O
various	O
pins	O
and	O
connectors	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
video	O
controller	O
can	O
generate	O
standard	O
modern	O
TV	O
resolutions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
HD	O
and	O
Full	O
HD	O
,	O
and	O
higher	O
or	O
lower	O
monitor	O
resolutions	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
older	O
NTSC	O
or	O
PAL	O
standard	O
CRT	B-Device
TV	O
resolutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
shipped	O
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
without	O
custom	O
overclocking	B-Application
)	O
it	O
can	O
support	O
the	O
following	O
resolutions	O
:	O
640×350	O
EGA	B-Device
;	O
640×480	O
VGA	B-Protocol
;	O
800×600	O
SVGA	O
;	O
1024×768	O
XGA	B-Device
;	O
1280×720	O
720p	O
HDTV	O
;	O
1280×768	O
WXGA	O
variant	O
;	O
1280×800	O
WXGA	O
variant	O
;	O
1280×1024	O
SXGA	O
;	O
1366×768	O
WXGA	O
variant	O
;	O
1400×1050	O
SXGA+	O
;	O
1600×1200	O
UXGA	O
;	O
1680×1050	O
WXGA+	O
;	O
1920×1080	O
1080p	O
HDTV	O
;	O
1920×1200	O
WUXGA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Allowing	O
the	O
highest	O
resolutions	O
does	O
not	O
imply	O
that	O
the	O
GPU	B-Architecture
can	O
decode	O
video	O
formats	O
at	O
these	O
resolutions	O
;	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pis	I-Operating_System
are	O
known	O
to	O
not	O
work	O
reliably	O
for	O
H.265	B-Algorithm
(	O
at	O
those	O
high	O
resolutions	O
)	O
,	O
commonly	O
used	O
for	O
very	O
high	O
resolutions	O
(	O
however	O
,	O
most	O
common	O
formats	O
up	O
to	O
Full	O
HD	O
do	O
work	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
H.265	B-Algorithm
decoding	O
hardware	O
,	O
the	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
is	O
more	O
powerful	O
than	O
its	O
predecessors	O
,	O
potentially	O
fast	O
enough	O
to	O
allow	O
the	O
decoding	O
of	O
H.265-encoded	O
videos	O
in	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GPU	B-Architecture
in	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3	O
runs	O
at	O
higher	O
clock	O
frequencies	O
of	O
300MHz	O
or	O
400MHz	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
previous	O
versions	O
which	O
ran	O
at	O
250MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pis	I-Operating_System
can	O
also	O
generate	O
576i	O
and	O
480i	O
composite	O
video	O
signals	O
,	O
as	O
used	O
on	O
old-style	O
(	O
CRT	B-Device
)	O
TV	O
screens	O
and	O
less-expensive	O
monitors	O
through	O
standard	O
connectorseither	O
RCA	O
or	O
3.5mm	O
phono	B-Protocol
connector	I-Protocol
depending	O
on	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
booting	B-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
time	O
defaults	O
to	O
being	O
set	O
over	O
the	O
network	O
using	O
the	O
Network	B-Protocol
Time	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
NTP	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
source	O
of	O
time	O
information	O
can	O
be	O
another	O
computer	O
on	O
the	O
local	O
network	O
that	O
does	O
have	O
a	O
real-time	O
clock	O
,	O
or	O
to	O
a	O
NTP	B-Protocol
server	I-Protocol
on	O
the	O
internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
RP2040	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
has	O
a	O
built-in	O
real-time	O
clock	O
but	O
this	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
set	O
automatically	O
without	O
some	O
form	O
of	O
user	O
entry	O
or	O
network	O
facility	O
being	O
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
1	O
Models	O
A+	O
and	O
B+	O
,	O
Pi	O
2	O
Model	O
B	O
,	O
Pi	O
3	O
Models	O
A+	O
,	O
B	O
and	O
B+	O
,	O
Pi	O
4	O
,	O
and	O
Pi	B-Operating_System
Zero	I-Operating_System
,	O
Zero	O
W	O
,	O
Zero	O
WH	O
and	O
Zero	O
W	O
2	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
40-pin	O
pinout	O
called	O
J8	O
header	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
1	O
Models	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
have	O
only	O
the	O
first	O
26	O
pins	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
J8	O
header	O
is	O
commonly	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
connector	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
even	O
though	O
only	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
the	O
pins	O
are	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
pins	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
Pi	B-Operating_System
Zero	I-Operating_System
and	O
Zero	O
W	O
,	O
the	O
40	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
pins	O
are	O
unpopulated	O
,	O
having	O
the	O
through-holes	O
exposed	O
for	O
soldering	O
instead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GPIO#	O
2nd	O
func	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2	O
also	O
has	O
a	O
pad	O
(	O
called	O
P5	B-Application
on	O
the	O
board	O
and	O
P6	O
on	O
the	O
schematics	O
)	O
of	O
8	O
pins	O
offering	O
access	O
to	O
an	O
additional	O
4	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
connections	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
pins	O
were	O
freed	O
when	O
the	O
four	O
board	O
version	O
identification	O
links	O
present	O
in	O
revision	O
1.0	O
were	O
removed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GPIO#	O
2nd	O
func	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Models	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
provide	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
access	O
to	O
the	O
ACT	O
status	O
LED	O
using	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
16	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Models	O
A+	O
and	O
B+	O
provide	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
access	O
to	O
the	O
ACT	O
status	O
LED	O
using	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
47	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
power	O
status	O
LED	O
using	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
35	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
Pico	O
Model	O
A	O
(	O
no	O
Ethernet	O
)	O
Model	O
B	O
(	O
with	O
Ethernet	O
)	O
Compute	O
Module	O
Zero	O
KeyboardRaspberry	O
Pi	O
PicoRaspberry	O
Pi	O
Pico	O
W	O
RPi	B-Operating_System
1	O
Model	O
A	O
RPi	B-Operating_System
1	O
Model	O
A+	O
RPi	B-Operating_System
3	O
Model	O
A+	O
RPi	B-Operating_System
1	O
Model	O
B	O
RPi	B-Operating_System
1	O
Model	O
B+	O
RPi	B-Operating_System
2	I-Operating_System
Model	O
B	O
RPi	B-Operating_System
2	I-Operating_System
Model	O
B	O
v1.2	O
RPi	B-Operating_System
3	O
Model	O
B	O
RPi	B-Operating_System
3	O
Model	O
B+	O
RPi	B-Operating_System
4	O
Model	O
B	O
Compute	O
Module	O
1	O
Compute	O
Module	O
3	O
Compute	O
Module	O
3	O
Lite	O
Compute	O
Module	O
3+	O
Compute	O
Module	O
3+	O
Lite	O
Compute	O
Module	O
4	O
Compute	O
Module	O
4	O
Lite	O
RPi	B-Operating_System
Zero	O
PCB	O
v1.2	O
RPi	B-Operating_System
Zero	O
PCB	O
v1.3	O
RPi	B-Operating_System
Zero	O
W	O
RPi	B-Operating_System
Zero	O
2	O
W	O
RPi	B-Operating_System
400	O
Release	O
date	O
Jan	O
2021	O
Jun	O
2022	O
Feb	O
2013	O
Nov	O
2014	O
Nov	O
2018	O
Apr	O
–	O
Jun	O
2012	O
Jul	O
2014	O
Feb	O
2015	O
Oct	O
2016	O
Feb	O
2016	O
14	O
Mar	O
2018	O
24	O
June	O
201928	O
May	O
2020	O
(	O
8GB	O
)	O
Apr	O
2014	O
Jan	O
2017	O
Jan	O
2019	O
Oct	O
2020	O
Nov	O
2015	O
May	O
2016	O
28	O
Feb	O
2017	O
28	O
Oct	O
2021	O
2	O
Nov	O
2020	O
Target	O
price	O
(	O
USD	O
)	O
$4	O
$6	O
$25	O
$20	O
$25	O
$35	O
$25	O
$35	O
$	O
35/55/75	O
$30	O
(	O
in	O
batches	O
of	O
100	O
)	O
$30	O
$25	O
$	O
30/35/40	O
$25	O
$	O
30-	O
$90	O
(	O
in	O
$5	O
increments	O
)	O
$	O
25-	O
$75	O
(	O
in	O
$5	O
increments	O
)	O
$5	O
$10	O
$15	O
$70	O
Instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
Armv6-M	O
ARMv6Z	O
(	O
32-bit	O
)	O
ARMv8-A	O
(	O
64/32	O
-bit	O
)	O
ARMv6Z	O
(	O
32-bit	O
)	O
ARMv7-A	O
(	O
32-bit	O
)	O
ARMv8-A	O
(	O
64/32	O
-bit	O
)	O
ARMv6Z	O
(	O
32-bit	O
)	O
ARMv8-A	O
(	O
64/32	O
-bit	O
)	O
ARMv6Z	O
(	O
32-bit	O
)	O
ARMv8-A	O
(	O
64/32	O
-bit	O
)	O
ARMv8-A	O
(	O
64/32	O
-bit	O
)	O
SoC	B-Architecture
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
RP2040	O
Broadcom	O
BCM2835	B-Operating_System
Broadcom	O
BCM2837B0	O
Broadcom	O
BCM2835	B-Operating_System
Broadcom	O
BCM2836	O
Broadcom	O
BCM2837	O
Broadcom	O
BCM2837B0	O
Broadcom	O
BCM2711	O
Broadcom	O
BCM2835	B-Operating_System
Broadcom	O
BCM2837	O
Broadcom	O
BCM2837B0	O
Broadcom	O
BCM2711	O
Broadcom	O
BCM2835	B-Operating_System
Broadcom	O
BCM2710A1	O
Broadcom	O
BCM2711C0	O
FPU	B-General_Concept
None	O
VFPv2	O
;	O
NEON	O
not	O
supported	O
VFPv4	O
+	O
NEON	O
VFPv2	O
;	O
NEON	O
not	O
supported	O
VFPv4	O
+	O
NEON	O
VFPv2	O
;	O
NEON	O
not	O
supported	O
VFPv4	O
+	O
NEON	O
VFPv2	O
;	O
NEON	O
not	O
supported	O
VFPv4	O
+	O
NEON	O
VFPv4	O
+	O
NEON	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
Dual-core	B-Architecture
Arm	B-Architecture
Cortex-M0	O
+	O
1×	O
ARM1176JZF-S	O
700	O
MHz	O
4×	O
Cortex-A53	O
1.4	O
GHz	O
1×	O
ARM1176JZF-S	O
700	O
MHz	O
4×	O
Cortex-A7	B-Application
900	O
MHz	O
4×	O
Cortex-A53	O
900	O
MHz	O
4×	O
Cortex-A53	O
1.2	O
GHz	O
4×	O
Cortex-A53	O
1.4	O
GHz	O
4×	O
Cortex-A72	O
1.5	O
GHz	O
or	O
1.8	O
GHz	O
1×	O
ARM1176JZF-S	O
700	O
MHz	O
4×	O
Cortex-A53	O
1.2	O
GHz	O
4×	O
Cortex-A72	O
1.5	O
GHz	O
1×	O
ARM1176JZF-S	O
1	O
GHz	O
4×	O
Cortex-A53	O
1	O
GHz	O
4×	O
Cortex-A72	O
1.8	O
GHz	O
GPU	B-Architecture
None	O
Broadcom	O
VideoCore	B-General_Concept
IV	O
@	O
250	O
MHz	O
Broadcom	O
VideoCore	B-General_Concept
IV	O
@	O
400	O
MHz	O
(	O
Core	O
)	O
/	O
300	O
MHz	O
(	O
V3D	O
)	O
Broadcom	O
VideoCore	B-General_Concept
VI	O
@	O
500	O
MHz	O
Broadcom	O
VideoCore	B-General_Concept
IV	O
@	O
250	O
MHz	O
Broadcom	O
VideoCore	B-General_Concept
VI	O
@	O
500	O
MHz	O
Broadcom	O
VideoCore	B-General_Concept
IV	O
@	O
400	O
MHz	O
(	O
Core	O
)	O
/	O
300	O
MHz	O
(	O
V3D	O
)	O
Broadcom	O
VideoCore	B-General_Concept
VI	O
@	O
500	O
MHz	O
Memory	B-General_Concept
(	O
SDRAM	O
)	O
264	O
kB	O
256	O
MB	O
256	O
or	O
512	O
MBChanged	O
to	O
512	O
MB	O
on	O
10	O
August	O
2016	O
512	O
MB	O
256	O
or	O
512	O
MBChanged	O
to	O
512	O
MB	O
on	O
15	O
October	O
2012	O
512	O
MB	O
1	O
GB	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
4	O
or	O
8	O
GB	O
512	O
MB	O
1	O
GB	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
4	O
or	O
8	O
GB	O
512	O
MB	O
4	O
GB	O
USB	B-Protocol
2.0	O
portsNone	O
1	O
1	O
2	O
4	O
2	O
1	O
1	O
1	O
1	O
1	O
Micro-USB	O
1	O
USB	B-Protocol
3.0	O
ports	O
0	O
2	O
02	O
USB	B-Protocol
OTG	O
ports	O
0	O
1	O
(	O
Power	O
)	O
0	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
1	O
Micro-USB	O
0	O
PCIe	O
interface	O
0	O
PCIe	O
Gen	O
2	O
x1	O
0	O
0	O
Video	O
input	O
15-pin	O
MIPI	O
camera	B-Algorithm
interface	I-Algorithm
(	O
CSI	O
)	O
connector	O
,	O
used	O
with	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
camera	O
or	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
NoIR	O
camera	O
2×	O
MIPI	O
camera	B-Algorithm
interface	I-Algorithm
(	O
CSI	O
)	O
2-lane	O
MIPI	O
CSI	O
camera	B-Algorithm
interface	I-Algorithm
,	O
4-lane	O
MIPI	O
CSI	O
camera	B-Algorithm
interface	I-Algorithm
None	O
MIPI	O
camera	B-Algorithm
interface	I-Algorithm
(	O
CSI	O
)	O
None	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1×	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
(	O
rev	O
1.3	O
)	O
2×	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
(	O
rev	O
2.0	O
)	O
via	O
Micro-HDMI	O
1×	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2x	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1×	O
Mini-HDMI	O
2×	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
(	O
rev	O
2.0	O
)	O
via	O
Micro-HDMI	O
Composite	O
video	O
via	O
RCA	B-Protocol
jack	I-Protocol
via	O
3.5	O
mm	O
CTIA	O
style	O
TRRS	B-Device
jack	I-Device
via	O
RCA	B-Protocol
jack	I-Protocol
via	O
3.5	O
mm	O
CTIA	O
style	O
TRRS	B-Device
jack	I-Device
Yes	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
Audio	O
outputs	O
Analog	O
via	O
3.5	B-Device
mm	I-Device
phone	I-Device
jack	I-Device
;	O
digital	O
via	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
and	O
,	O
as	O
of	O
revision	O
2	O
boards	O
,	O
I²S	O
Analog	O
,	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
,	O
I²S	O
Mini-HDMI	O
,	O
stereo	O
audio	O
through	O
PWM	B-Algorithm
on	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
Micro-HDMI	O
On-board	O
storage	O
2	O
MB	O
Flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
SD	B-Device
,	O
MMC	O
,	O
SDIO	O
card	O
slot	O
(	O
3.3	O
V	O
with	O
card	O
power	O
only	O
)	O
MicroSDHC	O
slot	O
SD	B-Device
,	O
MMC	O
,	O
SDIO	O
card	O
slot	O
MicroSDHC	O
slotMicroSDHC	O
slot	O
,	O
USB	B-Protocol
Boot	B-Operating_System
Mode	O
4	O
GB	O
eMMC	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
chip	B-Application
MicroSDHC	O
slot	O
8/16/32	O
GB	O
eMMC	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
chipMicroSDHC	O
slot	O
8/16/32	O
GB	O
eMMC	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
chip	B-Application
MicroSDHC	O
slotMicroSDHC	O
slotMicroSDHC	O
slot	O
Ethernet	O
(	O
8P8C	O
)	O
None	O
None	O
None	O
10/100	O
Mbit/sUSB	O
adapter	O
on	O
the	O
USB	B-Protocol
hub	O
10/100	O
Mbit/s	O
10/100/1000	O
Mbit/s	O
(	O
real	O
max	O
speed	O
300	O
Mbit/s	O
)	O
10/100/1000	O
Mbit/s	O
None	O
10/100/1000	O
Mbit/s	O
None	O
None	O
10/100/1000	O
Mbit/s	O
WiFi	O
IEEE	O
802.11	O
wireless	O
None	O
b/g/n	O
single	O
band	O
2.4	O
GHz	O
b/g/n/ac	O
dual	O
band	O
2.4/5	O
GHz	O
None	O
b/g/n	O
single	O
band	O
2.4	O
GHz	O
b/g/n/ac	O
dual	O
band	O
2.4/5	O
GHz	O
b/g/n/ac	O
dual	O
band	O
2.4/5	O
GHz	O
(	O
optional	O
)	O
b/g/n	O
single	O
band	O
2.4	O
GHz	O
b/g/n/ac	O
dual	O
band	O
2.4/5	O
GHz	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
None	O
5.2	O
BLE	O
4.2	O
BLE	O
4.1	O
BLE	O
4.2	O
LS	O
BLE	O
5.0	O
5.0	O
,	O
BLE	O
(	O
optional	O
)	O
4.1	O
BLE	O
4.2	O
BLE	O
5.0	O
Low-level	O
peripherals	O
UART	O
8×	O
GPIOMore	O
GPIOs	B-Architecture
can	O
be	O
used	O
if	O
the	O
low	O
level	O
peripherals	O
are	O
unused	O
plus	O
the	O
following	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
:	O
UART	O
,	O
I²C	O
bus	O
,	O
SPI	B-Architecture
bus	I-Architecture
with	O
two	O
chip	B-Architecture
selects	I-Architecture
,	O
I²S	O
audioSince	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
revision	O
2	O
model	O
+	O
3.3	O
V	O
,	O
+5	O
V	O
,	O
ground	O
17×	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
plus	O
the	O
same	O
specific	O
functions	O
,	O
and	O
HAT	O
ID	O
bus	O
8×	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
plus	O
the	O
following	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
:	O
UART	O
,	O
I²C	O
bus	O
,	O
SPI	B-Architecture
bus	I-Architecture
with	O
two	O
chip	B-Architecture
selects	I-Architecture
,	O
I²S	O
audio	O
+	O
3.3	O
V	O
,	O
+5	O
V	O
,	O
ground	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
17×	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
plus	O
the	O
same	O
specific	O
functions	O
,	O
and	O
HAT	O
ID	O
bus	O
17×	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
plus	O
the	O
same	O
specific	O
functions	O
,	O
HAT	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
additional	O
4×	O
UART	O
,	O
4×	O
SPI	B-Architecture
,	O
and	O
4×	O
I2C	O
connectors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
46×	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
,	O
some	O
of	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
specific	O
functions	O
including	O
I²C	O
,	O
SPI	B-Architecture
,	O
UART	O
,	O
PCM	B-Algorithm
,	O
PWM	B-Algorithm
28	O
×	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
supporting	O
either	O
1.8v	O
or	O
3.3v	O
signalling	O
and	O
peripheral	O
options	O
17×	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
plus	O
the	O
same	O
specific	O
functions	O
,	O
and	O
HAT	O
ID	O
bus	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
700	O
mA	O
(	O
3.5	O
W	O
)	O
200	O
mA	O
(	O
1	O
W	O
)	O
average	O
when	O
idle	O
,	O
350	O
mA	O
(	O
1.75	O
W	O
)	O
maximum	O
under	O
stress	O
(	O
monitor	O
,	O
keyboard	O
and	O
mouse	B-Device
connected	O
)	O
220	O
mA	O
(	O
1.1	O
W	O
)	O
average	O
when	O
idle	O
,	O
820	O
mA	O
(	O
4.1	O
W	O
)	O
maximum	O
under	O
stress	O
(	O
monitor	O
,	O
keyboard	O
and	O
mouse	B-Device
connected	O
)	O
300	O
mA	O
(	O
1.5	O
W	O
)	O
average	O
when	O
idle	O
,	O
1.34	O
A	O
(	O
6.7	O
W	O
)	O
maximum	O
under	O
stress	O
(	O
monitor	O
,	O
keyboard	O
,	O
mouse	B-Device
and	O
WiFi	O
connected	O
)	O
459	O
mA	O
(	O
2.295	O
W	O
)	O
average	O
when	O
idle	O
,	O
1.13	O
A	O
(	O
5.661	O
W	O
)	O
maximum	O
under	O
stress	O
(	O
monitor	O
,	O
keyboard	O
,	O
mouse	B-Device
and	O
WiFi	O
connected	O
)	O
600	O
mA	O
(	O
3	O
W	O
)	O
average	O
when	O
idle	O
,	O
1.25	O
A	O
(	O
6.25	O
W	O
)	O
maximum	O
under	O
stress	O
(	O
monitor	O
,	O
keyboard	O
,	O
mouse	B-Device
and	O
Ethernet	O
connected	O
)	O
,	O
3	O
A	O
(	O
15	O
W	O
)	O
power	O
supply	O
recommended	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
100	O
mA	O
(	O
0.5	O
W	O
)	O
average	O
when	O
idle	O
,	O
350	O
mA	O
(	O
1.75	O
W	O
)	O
maximum	O
under	O
stress	O
(	O
monitor	O
,	O
keyboard	O
and	O
mouse	B-Device
connected	O
)	O
120	O
mA	O
(	O
0.6	O
W	O
)	O
average	O
when	O
idle	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
Power	O
source	O
MicroUSB	O
or	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
Header	O
1.8	O
V	O
to	O
5	O
V	O
5	O
V	O
via	O
MicroUSB	O
or	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
header	O
5	O
V	O
via	O
MicroUSB	O
,	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
header	O
,	O
or	O
PoE	B-Device
(	O
with	O
the	O
PoE	B-Device
HAT	O
)	O
5	O
V	O
via	O
,	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
header	O
,	O
or	O
PoE	B-Device
(	O
with	O
the	O
PoE	B-Device
HAT	O
)	O
2.5	O
–	O
5	O
V	O
,	O
3.3	O
V	O
,	O
2.5	O
–	O
3.3	O
V	O
,	O
and	O
1.8	O
V	O
5	O
V	O
5	O
V	O
via	O
MicroUSB	O
or	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
header	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
Size51	O
x	B-Operating_System
21mm	O
55	O
mm	O
×	O
40	O
mm	O
286	O
mm	O
×	O
113	O
mm	O
×	O
23	O
mm	O
Weight	O
??	O
</s>
<s>
Adding	O
a	O
USB	B-Protocol
network	O
interface	O
via	O
tethering	O
or	O
a	O
serial	B-Protocol
cable	O
with	O
optional	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
power	O
connector	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
Model	O
Gen	O
Variant	O
Year	O
SoC	B-Architecture
Clockspeed	O
Cores	O
/Threads	O
64-bit	B-Device
GFLOPS	O
RAM(GB )	O
VideoOutput	O
4KReady	O
USB	B-Protocol
AltBoot	O
Ethernet( Max	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Foundation	O
provides	O
Raspberry	B-Application
Pi	I-Application
OS	I-Application
(	O
formerly	O
called	O
Raspbian	B-Application
)	O
,	O
a	O
Debian-based	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
for	O
download	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
third-party	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
,	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
IoT	B-Operating_System
Core	O
,	O
RISC	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
LibreELEC	B-Application
(	O
specialised	O
media	O
centre	O
distribution	O
)	O
and	O
specialised	O
distributions	O
for	O
the	O
Kodi	B-Application
media	O
centre	O
and	O
classroom	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
promotes	O
Python	B-Language
and	O
Scratch	B-Language
as	O
the	O
main	O
programming	O
languages	O
,	O
with	O
support	O
for	O
many	O
other	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
default	O
firmware	B-Application
is	O
closed	B-Application
source	I-Application
,	O
while	O
unofficial	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
is	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
other	O
operating	O
systems	O
can	O
also	O
run	O
on	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
several	O
ways	O
of	O
installing	O
multiple	O
operating	O
systems	O
on	O
one	O
SD	B-Device
card	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Broadcom	O
VCOS	O
–	O
Proprietary	B-Application
operating	O
system	O
which	O
includes	O
an	O
abstraction	O
layer	O
designed	O
to	O
integrate	O
with	O
existing	O
kernels	B-Operating_System
,	O
such	O
as	O
ThreadX	B-Operating_System
(	O
which	O
is	O
used	O
on	O
the	O
VideoCore4	O
processor	O
)	O
,	O
providing	O
drivers	O
and	O
middleware	O
for	O
application	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
,	O
this	O
includes	O
an	O
application	O
to	O
start	O
the	O
ARM	O
processor(s )	O
and	O
provide	O
the	O
publicly	O
documented	O
API	B-Application
over	O
a	O
mailbox	O
interface	O
,	O
serving	O
as	O
its	O
firmware	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
incomplete	O
source	O
of	O
a	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
port	O
of	O
VCOS	O
is	O
available	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
reference	O
graphics	O
driver	O
published	O
by	O
Broadcom	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Haiku	B-Language
–	O
an	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
BeOS	B-Application
clone	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
compiled	O
for	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
and	O
several	O
other	O
ARM	B-Architecture
boards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RISC	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
Pi	O
(	O
a	O
special	O
cut	O
down	O
version	O
RISC	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
Pico	O
,	O
for	O
16	O
MB	O
cards	O
and	O
larger	O
for	O
all	O
models	O
of	O
Pi	O
1	O
&	O
2	O
,	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
made	O
available	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Ultibo	O
Core	O
–	O
OS-less	O
unikerel	O
Run	O
Time	O
Library	O
based	O
on	O
Free	B-Operating_System
Pascal	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lazarus	B-Language
IDE	O
(	O
Windows	O
with	O
3rd	O
party	O
ports	O
to	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
and	O
MacOS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
IoT	B-Operating_System
Core	O
–	O
a	O
zero-price	O
edition	O
of	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
offered	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
that	O
runs	O
natively	O
on	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alpine	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
–	O
a	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
based	O
on	O
musl	B-Language
and	O
BusyBox	B-Application
,	O
"	O
designed	O
for	O
power	B-General_Concept
users	I-General_Concept
who	O
appreciate	O
security	O
,	O
simplicity	O
and	O
resource	O
efficiency	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Android	B-Device
Things	I-Device
–	O
an	O
embedded	B-Architecture
version	O
of	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
designed	O
for	O
IoT	B-Operating_System
device	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kali	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
–	O
a	O
Debian-derived	O
distro	O
designed	O
for	O
digital	O
forensics	O
and	O
penetration	O
testing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenWrt	B-Application
–	O
a	O
highly	O
extensible	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
for	O
embedded	B-Architecture
devices	I-Architecture
(	O
typically	O
wireless	O
routers	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
postmarketOS	B-Application
–	O
distribution	O
based	O
on	O
Alpine	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
,	O
primarily	O
developed	O
for	O
smartphones	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
RetroPie	O
–	O
an	O
offshoot	O
of	O
Raspbian	B-Application
OS	O
that	O
uses	O
Emulation	O
Station	O
as	O
its	O
frontend	O
for	O
RetroArch	B-Application
and	O
other	O
emulators	O
like	O
Mupen64	B-Application
for	O
retro	O
gaming	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sailfish	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
with	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
2	O
(	O
due	O
to	O
use	O
ARM	B-Application
Cortex-A7	I-Application
CPU	B-General_Concept
;	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
1	O
uses	O
different	O
ARMv6	O
architecture	O
and	O
Sailfish	O
requires	O
ARMv7	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Slackware	B-Application
ARM	I-Application
–	O
version	O
13.37	O
and	O
later	O
runs	O
on	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
without	O
modification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
128	O
–	O
496	O
MB	O
of	O
available	O
memory	B-General_Concept
on	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
is	O
at	O
least	O
twice	O
the	O
minimum	O
requirement	O
of	O
64	O
MB	O
needed	O
to	O
run	O
Slackware	B-Application
Linux	I-Application
on	O
an	O
ARM	B-Architecture
or	O
i386	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Whereas	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
systems	O
boot	B-Operating_System
into	O
a	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
Slackware	B-Application
's	O
default	O
user	O
environment	O
is	O
the	O
textual	B-Operating_System
shell	I-Operating_System
/	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Fluxbox	B-Language
window	O
manager	O
running	O
under	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
requires	O
an	O
additional	O
48	O
MB	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tiny	O
Core	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
–	O
a	O
minimal	O
Linux	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
focused	O
on	O
providing	O
a	O
base	O
system	O
using	O
BusyBox	B-Application
and	O
FLTK	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Designed	O
to	O
run	O
primarily	O
in	O
RAM	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tizen	B-Application
-	O
A	O
Linux-based	O
mobile	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
that	O
was	O
backed	O
by	O
the	B-Operating_System
Linux	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
and	O
was	O
mainly	O
developed	O
and	O
primarily	O
used	O
by	O
Samsung	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Void	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
–	O
a	O
rolling	O
release	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
which	O
was	O
designed	O
and	O
implemented	O
from	O
scratch	B-Language
,	O
provides	O
images	O
based	O
on	O
musl	B-Language
or	O
glibc	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
webOS	B-Operating_System
Open	I-Operating_System
Source	I-Operating_System
Edition	I-Operating_System
-	O
An	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
version	O
of	O
webOS	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
can	O
use	O
a	O
VideoCore	B-General_Concept
IV	O
GPU	B-Architecture
via	O
a	O
binary	O
blob	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
loaded	O
into	O
the	O
GPU	B-Architecture
at	O
boot	B-Operating_System
time	I-Operating_System
from	O
the	O
SD-card	B-Device
,	O
and	O
additional	O
software	O
,	O
that	O
initially	O
was	O
closed	B-Application
source	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
actual	O
driver	O
work	O
is	O
done	O
using	O
the	O
closed	B-Application
source	I-Application
GPU	B-Architecture
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Application	O
software	O
makes	O
calls	O
to	O
closed	B-Application
source	I-Application
run-time	O
libraries	O
(	O
OpenMAX	B-Application
IL	I-Application
,	O
OpenGL	B-Application
ES	I-Application
or	O
OpenVG	B-Library
)	O
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
call	O
an	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
driver	O
inside	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
then	O
calls	O
the	O
closed	B-Application
source	I-Application
VideoCore	B-General_Concept
IV	O
GPU	B-Architecture
driver	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
API	B-Application
of	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
driver	O
is	O
specific	O
for	O
these	O
closed	O
libraries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Video	O
applications	O
use	O
OpenMAX	B-Application
IL	I-Application
,	O
use	O
OpenGL	B-Application
ES	I-Application
and	O
use	O
OpenVG	B-Library
,	O
which	O
both	O
in	O
turn	O
use	O
EGL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenMAX	B-Application
IL	I-Application
and	O
EGL	B-Application
use	O
the	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
kernel	B-Operating_System
driver	O
in	O
turn	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Foundation	O
first	O
announced	O
it	O
was	O
working	O
on	O
a	O
Vulkan	B-Application
driver	O
in	O
February	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
working	O
Vulkan	B-Application
driver	O
running	O
Quake	B-Application
3	I-Application
at	O
100	O
frames	O
per	O
second	O
on	O
a	O
3B+	O
was	O
revealed	O
by	O
a	O
graphics	O
engineer	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
working	O
on	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
hobby	O
project	O
on	O
20	O
June	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
24	O
November	O
2020	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Foundation	O
announced	O
that	O
their	O
driver	O
for	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
4	O
is	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.0	O
conformant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Trading	O
announced	O
further	O
driver	O
conformance	O
for	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.1	O
and	O
1.2	O
on	O
26	O
October	O
2021	O
and	O
1	O
August	O
2022	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
official	O
firmware	B-Application
is	O
a	O
freely	B-License
redistributable	I-License
binary	O
blob	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
proprietary	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
minimal	O
proof-of-concept	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
firmware	B-Application
is	O
also	O
available	O
,	O
mainly	O
aimed	O
at	O
initialising	O
and	O
starting	O
the	O
ARM	B-Architecture
cores	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
performing	O
minimal	O
startup	O
that	O
is	O
required	O
on	O
the	O
ARM	B-Architecture
side	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
capable	O
of	O
booting	B-Operating_System
a	O
very	O
minimal	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
,	O
with	O
patches	O
to	O
remove	O
the	O
dependency	O
on	O
the	O
mailbox	O
interface	O
being	O
responsive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
known	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
1	O
,	O
2	O
and	O
3	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
some	O
variants	O
of	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Zero	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
AstroPrint	B-Protocol
–	O
AstroPrint	B-Protocol
's	O
wireless	O
3D	O
printing	O
software	O
can	O
be	O
run	O
on	O
the	O
Pi	O
2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
C/C	B-Language
++	I-Language
Interpreter	I-Language
Ch	I-Language
–	O
Released	O
3	O
January	O
2017	O
,	O
C/C	B-Language
++	I-Language
interpreter	I-Language
Ch	I-Language
and	O
Embedded	B-Architecture
Ch	B-Language
are	O
released	O
free	O
for	O
non-commercial	O
use	O
for	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
,	O
ChIDE	O
is	O
also	O
included	O
for	O
the	O
beginners	O
to	O
learn	O
C/C	O
++	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Minecraft	B-Application
–	O
Released	O
11	O
February	O
2013	O
,	O
a	O
modified	O
version	O
that	O
allows	O
players	O
to	O
directly	O
alter	O
the	O
world	O
with	O
computer	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RealVNC	B-Language
–	O
Since	O
28	O
September	O
2016	O
,	O
Raspbian	B-Application
includes	O
RealVNC	B-Language
's	O
remote	O
access	O
server	O
and	O
viewer	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Minecraft	B-Application
,	O
camera	O
preview	O
and	O
omxplayer	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
non-X11	O
applications	O
to	O
be	O
viewed	O
and	O
controlled	O
remotely	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
UserGate	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Filter	I-Application
–	O
On	O
20	O
September	O
2013	O
,	O
Florida-based	O
security	O
vendor	O
Entensys	O
announced	O
porting	O
UserGate	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Filter	I-Application
to	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Steam	O
Link	O
–	O
On	O
13	O
December	O
2018	O
,	O
Valve	O
released	O
official	O
Steam	O
Link	O
game	O
streaming	O
client	O
for	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3	O
and	O
3	O
B+	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Algoid	B-Language
–	O
for	O
teaching	O
programming	O
to	O
children	O
and	O
beginners	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlueJ	B-Language
–	O
for	O
teaching	O
Java	O
to	O
beginners	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Greenfoot	B-Language
–	O
Greenfoot	B-Language
teaches	O
object	O
orientation	O
with	O
Java	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
–	O
an	O
interactive	O
and	O
cross-platform	O
programming	O
language/environment	O
,	O
that	O
runs	O
on	O
the	O
Pi	O
1	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IDEs	O
for	O
Julia	B-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
Visual	B-Language
Studio	I-Language
Code	I-Language
,	O
are	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
See	O
also	O
Pi-specific	O
GitHub	B-Application
repository	O
JuliaBerry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LiveCode	B-Application
–	O
an	O
educational	O
RAD	O
IDE	O
descended	O
from	O
HyperCard	B-Application
using	O
English-like	O
language	O
to	O
write	O
event-handlers	O
for	O
WYSIWYG	O
widgets	O
runnable	O
on	O
desktop	O
,	O
mobile	O
and	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ninja-IDE	B-Application
–	O
a	O
cross-platform	O
integrated	O
development	O
environment	O
(	O
IDE	O
)	O
for	O
Python	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Processing	B-Application
–	O
an	O
IDE	O
built	O
for	O
the	O
electronic	O
arts	O
,	O
new	O
media	O
art	O
,	O
and	O
visual	O
design	O
communities	O
with	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
teaching	O
the	O
fundamentals	O
of	O
computer	O
programming	O
in	O
a	O
visual	O
context	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scratch	B-Language
–	O
a	O
cross-platform	O
teaching	O
IDE	O
using	O
visual	O
blocks	O
that	O
stack	O
like	O
Lego	O
,	O
originally	O
developed	O
by	O
MIT	O
's	O
Life	O
Long	O
Kindergarten	O
group	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Pi	O
version	O
is	O
very	O
heavily	O
optimised	O
for	O
the	O
limited	O
computer	O
resources	O
available	O
and	O
is	O
implemented	O
in	O
the	O
Squeak	B-Operating_System
Smalltalk	I-Operating_System
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Squeak	B-Operating_System
Smalltalk	I-Operating_System
–	O
a	O
full-scale	O
open	O
Smalltalk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TensorFlow	B-Language
–	O
an	O
artificial	O
intelligence	O
framework	O
developed	O
by	O
Google	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Foundation	O
worked	O
with	O
Google	O
to	O
simplify	O
the	O
installation	O
process	O
through	O
pre-built	O
binaries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thonny	B-Application
–	O
a	O
Python	B-Language
IDE	O
for	O
beginners	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
V-Play	B-Operating_System
Game	I-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
–	O
a	O
cross-platform	O
development	O
framework	O
that	O
supports	O
mobile	O
game	O
and	O
app	O
development	O
with	O
the	O
V-Play	B-Operating_System
Game	I-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
,	O
V-Play	O
apps	O
,	O
and	O
V-Play	O
plugins	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Xojo	B-Application
–	O
a	O
cross-platform	O
RAD	O
tool	O
that	O
can	O
create	O
desktop	O
,	O
web	O
and	O
console	O
apps	O
for	O
Pi	O
2	O
and	O
Pi	O
3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
C-STEM	O
Studio	O
–	O
a	O
platform	O
for	O
hands-on	O
integrated	O
learning	O
of	O
computing	O
,	O
science	O
,	O
technology	O
,	O
engineering	O
,	O
and	O
mathematics	O
(	O
C-STEM	O
)	O
with	O
robotics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Erlang	B-Operating_System
–	O
a	O
functional	O
language	O
for	O
building	O
concurrent	B-Operating_System
systems	O
with	O
light-weight	O
processes	O
and	O
message	O
passing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LabVIEW	B-Application
Community	I-Application
Edition	I-Application
–	O
a	O
system-design	O
platform	O
and	O
development	O
environment	O
for	O
a	O
visual	O
programming	O
language	O
from	O
National	O
Instruments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gertboard	O
–	O
A	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Foundation	O
sanctioned	O
device	O
,	O
designed	O
for	O
educational	O
purposes	O
,	O
that	O
expands	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
's	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
pins	O
to	O
allow	O
interface	O
with	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
LEDs	O
,	O
switches	O
,	O
analogue	O
signals	O
,	O
sensors	O
and	O
other	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Camera	O
–	O
On	O
14	O
May	O
2013	O
,	O
the	O
foundation	O
and	O
the	O
distributors	O
RS	O
Components	O
&	O
Premier	O
Farnell/Element	O
14	O
launched	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
camera	O
board	O
alongside	O
a	O
firmware	B-Application
update	O
to	O
accommodate	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
camera	O
board	O
is	O
shipped	O
with	O
a	O
flexible	O
flat	O
cable	O
that	O
plugs	O
into	O
the	O
CSI	O
connector	O
which	O
is	O
located	O
between	O
the	O
Ethernet	O
and	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Raspbian	B-Application
,	O
the	O
user	O
must	O
enable	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
camera	O
board	O
by	O
running	O
Raspi-config	O
and	O
selecting	O
the	O
camera	O
option	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
camera	B-Algorithm
module	I-Algorithm
costs	O
€20	O
in	O
Europe	O
(	O
9	O
September	O
2013	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
uses	O
the	O
OmniVision	O
OV5647	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
and	O
can	O
produce	O
1080p	O
,	O
720p	O
and	O
640x480p	O
video	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2016	O
,	O
v2	O
of	O
the	O
camera	O
was	O
launched	O
:	O
it	O
is	O
an	O
8	O
megapixel	O
camera	O
using	O
a	O
Sony	O
IMX219	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Infrared	O
Camera	O
–	O
In	O
October	O
2013	O
,	O
the	O
foundation	O
announced	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
begin	O
producing	O
a	O
camera	B-Algorithm
module	I-Algorithm
without	O
an	O
infrared	O
filter	O
,	O
called	O
the	O
Pi	O
NoIR	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HAT	O
(	O
Hardware	O
Attached	O
on	O
Top	O
)	O
expansion	O
boardsTogether	O
with	O
the	O
Model	O
B+	O
,	O
inspired	O
by	O
the	O
Arduino	O
shield	O
boards	O
,	O
the	O
interface	O
for	O
HAT	O
boards	O
was	O
devised	O
by	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Foundation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
HAT	O
board	O
carries	O
a	O
small	O
EEPROM	O
(	O
typically	O
a	O
CAT24C32WI-GT3	O
)	O
containing	O
the	O
relevant	O
details	O
of	O
the	O
board	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
's	O
OS	O
is	O
informed	O
of	O
the	O
HAT	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
technical	O
details	O
of	O
it	O
,	O
relevant	O
to	O
the	O
OS	O
using	O
the	O
HAT	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
High	O
Quality	O
Camera	O
–	O
In	O
May	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
12.3	O
megapixel	O
Sony	O
IMX477	O
Exmor	B-Device
sensor	O
camera	B-Algorithm
module	I-Algorithm
was	O
released	O
with	O
support	O
for	O
C	B-Algorithm
-	I-Algorithm
and	I-Algorithm
CS-mount	I-Algorithm
lenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2015	O
,	O
a	O
switched-mode	O
power	O
supply	O
chip	B-Application
,	O
designated	O
U16	O
,	O
of	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
2	O
Model	O
B	O
version	O
1.1	O
(	O
the	O
initially	O
released	O
version	O
)	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
flashes	O
of	O
light	O
,	O
particularly	O
the	O
light	O
from	O
xenon	O
camera	O
flashes	O
and	O
green	O
and	O
red	O
laser	O
pointers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
U16	O
chip	B-Application
has	O
WL-CSP	O
packaging	O
,	O
which	O
exposes	O
the	O
bare	O
silicon	O
die	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Foundation	O
blog	O
recommended	O
covering	O
U16	O
with	O
opaque	O
material	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
Sugru	O
or	O
Blu-Tak	O
)	O
or	O
putting	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
2	O
in	O
a	O
case	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
issue	O
was	O
not	O
discovered	O
before	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
2	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
standard	O
or	O
common	O
practice	O
to	O
test	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
optical	O
interference	O
,	O
while	O
commercial	O
electronic	O
devices	O
are	O
routinely	O
subjected	O
to	O
tests	O
of	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
radio	O
interference	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2012	O
Stephen	O
Pritchard	O
echoed	O
the	O
BBC	B-Device
Micro	I-Device
successor	O
sentiment	O
in	O
ITPRO	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Centre	O
for	O
Computing	O
History	O
strongly	O
supports	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
project	O
,	O
feeling	O
that	O
it	O
could	O
"	O
usher	O
in	O
a	O
new	O
era	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
release	O
,	O
the	O
board	O
was	O
showcased	O
by	O
ARM	B-Architecture
's	O
CEO	O
Warren	O
East	O
at	O
an	O
event	O
in	O
Cambridge	O
outlining	O
Google	O
's	O
ideas	O
to	O
improve	O
UK	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
education	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Harry	O
Fairhead	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
suggests	O
that	O
more	O
emphasis	O
should	O
be	O
put	O
on	O
improving	O
the	O
educational	O
software	O
available	O
on	O
existing	O
hardware	O
,	O
using	O
tools	O
such	O
as	O
Google	B-Application
App	I-Application
Inventor	I-Application
to	O
return	O
programming	O
to	O
schools	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
adding	O
new	O
hardware	O
choices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2012	O
,	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
won	O
T3	O
's	O
Innovation	O
of	O
the	O
Year	O
award	O
,	O
and	O
futurist	O
Mark	O
Pesce	O
cited	O
a	O
(	O
borrowed	O
)	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
as	O
the	O
inspiration	O
for	O
his	O
ambient	B-Operating_System
device	I-Operating_System
project	O
MooresCloud	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2012	O
,	O
the	O
British	B-Device
Computer	I-Device
Society	O
reacted	O
to	O
the	O
announcement	O
of	O
enhanced	O
specifications	O
by	O
stating	O
,	O
"	O
it	O
's	O
definitely	O
something	O
we	O
'll	O
want	O
to	O
sink	O
our	O
teeth	O
into.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2017	O
,	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
won	O
the	O
Royal	O
Academy	O
of	O
Engineering	O
MacRobert	O
Award	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
citation	O
for	O
the	O
award	O
to	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
said	O
it	O
was	O
"	O
for	O
its	O
inexpensive	O
credit	O
card-sized	O
microcomputers	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
redefining	O
how	O
people	O
engage	O
with	O
computing	O
,	O
inspiring	O
students	O
to	O
learn	O
coding	O
and	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
and	O
providing	O
innovative	O
control	O
solutions	O
for	O
industry.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Clusters	O
of	O
hundreds	O
of	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pis	I-Operating_System
have	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
testing	O
programs	O
destined	O
for	O
supercomputers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
community	O
was	O
described	O
by	O
Jamie	O
Ayre	O
of	O
FOSS	B-License
software	O
company	O
AdaCore	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
exciting	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
community	O
developed	O
a	O
fanzine	O
around	O
the	O
platform	O
called	O
The	O
MagPi	O
which	O
in	O
2015	O
,	O
was	O
handed	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Foundation	O
by	O
its	O
volunteers	O
to	O
be	O
continued	O
in-house	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Foundation	O
hired	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
its	O
community	O
members	O
including	O
ex-teachers	O
and	O
software	O
developers	O
to	O
launch	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
free	O
learning	O
resources	O
for	O
its	O
website	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Foundation	O
also	O
started	O
a	O
teacher	O
training	O
course	O
called	O
Picademy	O
with	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
helping	O
teachers	O
prepare	O
for	O
teaching	O
the	O
new	O
computing	O
curriculum	O
using	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
in	O
the	O
classroom	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2018	O
,	O
NASA	O
launched	O
the	O
JPL	O
Open	B-License
Source	I-License
Rover	O
Project	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
scaled	O
down	O
version	O
of	O
Curiosity	O
rover	O
and	O
uses	O
a	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
as	O
the	O
control	O
module	O
,	O
to	O
encourage	O
students	O
and	O
hobbyists	O
to	O
get	O
involved	O
in	O
mechanical	O
,	O
software	O
,	O
electronics	O
,	O
and	O
robotics	O
engineering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
developers	O
and	O
applications	O
that	O
are	O
using	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
for	O
home	O
automation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
programmers	O
are	O
making	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
modify	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
into	O
a	O
cost-affordable	O
solution	O
in	O
energy	O
monitoring	O
and	O
power	O
consumption	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
the	O
relatively	O
low	O
cost	O
of	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
,	O
this	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
popular	O
and	O
economical	O
alternative	O
to	O
the	O
more	O
expensive	O
commercial	O
solutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2014	O
,	O
Polish	O
industrial	O
automation	O
manufacturer	O
TECHBASE	O
released	O
ModBerry	O
,	O
an	O
industrial	B-Architecture
computer	I-Architecture
based	O
on	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Compute	O
Module	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
device	O
has	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
interfaces	O
,	O
most	O
notably	O
RS-485/232	O
serial	B-Protocol
ports	I-Protocol
,	O
digital	O
and	O
analogue	O
inputs/outputs	O
,	O
CAN	O
and	O
economical	O
1-Wire	O
buses	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
automation	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
design	O
allows	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
Compute	O
Module	O
in	O
harsh	O
industrial	O
environments	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
conclusion	O
that	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
is	O
no	O
longer	O
limited	O
to	O
home	O
and	O
science	O
projects	O
,	O
but	O
can	O
be	O
widely	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
Industrial	B-Operating_System
IoT	I-Operating_System
solution	O
and	O
achieve	O
goals	O
of	O
Industry	B-General_Concept
4.0	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2018	O
,	O
SUSE	O
announced	O
commercial	O
support	O
for	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Enterprise	O
on	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3	O
Model	O
B	O
to	O
support	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
undisclosed	O
customers	O
implementing	O
industrial	O
monitoring	O
with	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2021	O
,	O
TECHBASE	O
announced	O
a	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Compute	O
Module	O
4	O
cluster	B-Architecture
for	O
AI	B-General_Concept
accelerator	I-General_Concept
,	O
routing	B-Protocol
and	O
file	B-Protocol
server	I-Protocol
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
device	O
contains	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
standard	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Compute	O
Module	O
4s	O
in	O
an	O
industrial	O
DIN	O
rail	O
housing	O
,	O
with	O
some	O
versions	O
containing	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
Coral	B-Device
Edge	I-Device
tensor	I-Device
processing	I-Device
units	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
incorporates	O
a	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
computer	O
module	O
running	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
OTTO	O
is	O
a	O
digital	O
camera	O
created	O
by	O
Next	B-Application
Thing	I-Application
Co	I-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
It	O
incorporates	O
a	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Compute	O
Module	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Slice	O
is	O
a	O
digital	B-Application
media	I-Application
player	I-Application
which	O
also	O
uses	O
a	O
Compute	O
Module	O
as	O
its	O
heart	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
software	O
running	O
on	O
Slice	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
Kodi	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Numerous	O
commercial	O
thin	B-Device
client	I-Device
computer	O
terminals	O
use	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
AutoPi	O
TMU	O
device	O
is	O
a	O
telematics	O
unit	O
which	O
is	O
built	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
a	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Compute	O
Module	O
4	O
and	O
incorporates	O
the	O
philosophy	O
of	O
which	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
was	O
built	O
upon	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
COVID-19	O
pandemic	O
,	O
demand	O
increased	O
primarily	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
remote	O
work	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
many	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Zeros	I-Operating_System
in	O
ventilators	O
for	O
COVID-19	O
patients	O
in	O
countries	O
such	O
as	O
Colombia	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
combat	O
strain	O
on	O
the	O
healthcare	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2020	O
,	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
sales	O
reached	O
640,000	O
units	O
,	O
the	O
second	O
largest	O
month	O
of	O
sales	O
in	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
history	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Astro	O
Pi	O
was	O
an	O
augmented	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
that	O
included	O
a	O
sensor	O
hat	O
with	O
a	O
visible	O
light	O
or	O
infrared	O
camera	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
organisations	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
Astro	O
Pi	O
competition	O
include	O
the	O
UK	O
Space	O
Agency	O
,	O
UKspace	O
,	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
,	O
ESERO-UK	O
and	O
ESA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
computer	O
is	O
inspired	O
by	O
Acorn	O
's	O
BBC	B-Device
Micro	I-Device
of	O
1981	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Model	O
A	O
,	O
Model	O
B	O
and	O
Model	O
B+	O
names	O
are	O
references	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
models	O
of	O
the	O
British	O
educational	O
BBC	B-Device
Micro	I-Device
computer	O
,	O
developed	O
by	O
Acorn	O
Computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Upton	O
,	O
the	O
name	O
"	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
"	O
was	O
chosen	O
with	O
"	O
Raspberry	O
"	O
as	O
an	O
ode	O
to	O
a	O
tradition	O
of	O
naming	O
early	O
computer	O
companies	O
after	O
fruit	O
,	O
and	O
"	O
Pi	O
"	O
as	O
a	O
reference	O
to	O
the	O
Python	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2006	O
,	O
early	O
concepts	O
of	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
were	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Atmel	O
ATmega644	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
ARM	B-Architecture
prototype	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
computer	O
was	O
mounted	O
in	O
a	O
package	O
the	O
same	O
size	O
as	O
a	O
USB	B-Protocol
memory	B-General_Concept
stick	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
had	O
a	O
USB	B-Protocol
port	O
on	O
one	O
end	O
and	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
port	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
26	O
November	O
2015	O
,	O
the	O
cheapest	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
yet	O
,	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Zero	I-Operating_System
,	O
was	O
launched	O
at	O
US$5	O
or	O
£4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Demonstrations	O
of	O
the	O
board	O
showed	O
it	O
running	O
the	O
LXDE	B-Language
desktop	O
on	O
Debian	O
,	O
Quake	B-Application
3	I-Application
at	O
1080p	O
,	O
and	O
Full	O
HD	O
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
video	O
over	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
single	O
error	O
was	O
discovered	O
in	O
the	O
board	O
design	O
where	O
some	O
pins	O
on	O
the	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
were	O
not	O
held	O
high	O
;	O
it	O
was	O
fixed	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
production	O
run	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Beta	O
boards	O
were	O
demonstrated	O
booting	B-Operating_System
Linux	B-Operating_System
,	O
playing	O
a	O
1080p	O
movie	O
trailer	O
and	O
the	O
Rightware	O
Samurai	O
OpenGL	B-Application
ES	I-Application
benchmark	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
2012	O
–	O
During	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
of	O
the	O
year	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
10	O
boards	O
were	O
put	O
up	O
for	O
auction	O
on	O
eBay	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
The	O
ten	O
boards	O
(	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
retail	O
price	O
of	O
£220	O
)	O
together	O
raised	O
over	O
£16	O
,	O
000	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
last	O
to	O
be	O
auctioned	O
,	O
serial	B-Protocol
number	O
No	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
19	O
February	O
2012	O
–	O
The	O
first	O
proof	O
of	O
concept	O
SD	B-Device
card	I-Device
image	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
loaded	O
onto	O
an	O
SD	B-Device
card	I-Device
to	O
produce	O
a	O
preliminary	O
operating	O
system	O
is	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
image	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
Debian	O
6.0	O
(	O
Squeeze	O
)	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
LXDE	B-Language
desktop	O
and	O
the	O
Midori	B-Protocol
browser	I-Protocol
,	O
plus	O
various	O
programming	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
image	O
also	O
runs	O
on	O
QEMU	B-Application
allowing	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
to	O
be	O
emulated	O
on	O
various	O
other	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
model	O
A	O
,	O
originally	O
to	O
have	O
had	O
128	O
MB	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
,	O
was	O
to	O
be	O
upgraded	O
to	O
256	O
MB	O
before	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Foundation	O
's	O
website	O
also	O
announced	O
:	O
"	O
Six	O
years	O
after	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
inception	O
,	O
we	O
're	O
nearly	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
our	O
first	O
run	O
of	O
development	O
–	O
although	O
it	O
's	O
just	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
story.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
web-shops	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
licensed	O
manufacturers	O
selling	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
's	O
within	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
,	O
Premier	O
Farnell	O
and	O
RS	O
Components	O
,	O
had	O
their	O
websites	O
stalled	O
by	O
heavy	O
web	O
traffic	O
immediately	O
after	O
the	O
launch	O
(	O
RS	O
Components	O
briefly	O
going	O
down	O
completely	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
official	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Twitter	O
account	O
reported	O
that	O
Premier	O
Farnell	O
sold	O
out	O
within	O
a	O
few	O
minutes	O
of	O
the	O
initial	O
launch	O
,	O
while	O
RS	O
Components	O
took	O
over	O
100,000	O
pre	O
orders	O
on	O
day	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
8	O
March	O
2012	O
–	O
Release	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Fedora	O
Remix	O
,	O
the	O
recommended	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
,	O
developed	O
at	O
Seneca	O
College	O
in	O
Canada	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
the	O
preliminary	O
proof	O
of	O
concept	O
image	O
distributed	O
by	O
the	O
Foundation	O
before	O
launch	O
was	O
also	O
Debian-based	O
,	O
it	O
differed	O
from	O
Thompson	O
and	O
Green	O
's	O
Raspbian	B-Application
effort	O
in	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
ways	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
POC	O
image	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
then-stable	O
Debian	O
Squeeze	O
,	O
while	O
Raspbian	B-Application
aimed	O
to	O
track	O
then-upcoming	O
Debian	O
Wheezy	O
packages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aside	O
from	O
the	O
updated	O
packages	O
that	O
would	O
come	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
release	O
,	O
Wheezy	O
was	O
also	O
set	O
to	O
introduce	O
the	O
armhf	O
architecture	O
,	O
which	O
became	O
the	O
raison	O
d'être	O
for	O
the	O
Raspbian	B-Application
effort	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Squeeze-based	O
POC	O
image	O
was	O
limited	O
to	O
the	O
armel	B-Architecture
architecture	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
Squeeze	O
's	O
release	O
,	O
the	O
latest	O
attempt	O
by	O
the	O
Debian	O
project	O
to	O
have	O
Debian	O
run	O
on	O
the	O
newest	O
ARM	B-Architecture
embedded-application	O
binary	O
interface	O
(	O
EABI	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
armhf	O
architecture	O
in	O
Wheezy	O
intended	O
to	O
make	O
Debian	O
run	O
on	O
the	O
ARM	B-Architecture
VFP	O
hardware	O
floating-point	B-General_Concept
unit	I-General_Concept
,	O
while	O
armel	B-Architecture
was	O
limited	O
to	O
emulating	O
floating	O
point	O
operations	O
in	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
included	O
a	O
VFP	O
,	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
hardware	O
unit	O
would	O
result	O
in	O
performance	O
gains	O
and	O
reduced	O
power	O
use	O
for	O
floating	O
point	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
Thompson	O
and	O
Green	O
set	O
out	O
to	O
build	O
the	O
19,000	O
Debian	O
packages	O
for	O
the	O
device	O
using	O
a	O
custom	O
build	O
cluster	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
16	O
April	O
2012	O
–	O
Reports	O
appear	O
from	O
the	O
first	O
buyers	O
who	O
had	O
received	O
their	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
18	O
May	O
2012	O
–	O
The	O
Foundation	O
reported	O
on	O
its	O
blog	O
about	O
a	O
prototype	O
camera	B-Algorithm
module	I-Algorithm
they	O
had	O
tested	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
July	O
2012	O
–	O
Release	O
of	O
Raspbian	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
16	O
July	O
2012	O
–	O
It	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
4,000	O
units	O
were	O
being	O
manufactured	O
per	O
day	O
,	O
allowing	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pis	I-Operating_System
to	O
be	O
bought	O
in	O
bulk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
24	O
August	O
2012	O
–	O
Hardware	O
accelerated	O
video	O
(	O
H.264	B-Application
)	O
encoding	O
becomes	O
available	O
after	O
it	O
became	O
known	O
that	O
the	O
existing	O
licence	O
also	O
covered	O
encoding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Formerly	O
it	O
was	O
thought	O
that	O
encoding	O
would	O
be	O
added	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
announced	O
camera	B-Algorithm
module	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
no	O
stable	O
software	O
exists	O
for	O
hardware	O
H.264	B-Application
encoding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
the	O
Foundation	O
released	O
two	O
additional	O
codecs	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
bought	O
separately	O
,	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
and	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
VC-1	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
5	O
September	O
2012	O
–	O
The	O
Foundation	O
announced	O
a	O
second	O
revision	O
of	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Model	O
B	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
6	O
September	O
2012	O
–	O
Announcement	O
that	O
in	O
future	O
the	O
bulk	O
of	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
units	O
would	O
be	O
manufactured	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
,	O
at	O
Sony	O
's	O
manufacturing	O
facility	O
in	O
Pencoed	O
,	O
Wales	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
15	O
October	O
2012	O
–	O
It	O
is	O
announced	O
that	O
new	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Model	O
Bs	O
are	O
to	O
be	O
fitted	O
with	O
512	O
MB	O
instead	O
of	O
256	O
MB	O
RAM	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
24	O
October	O
2012	O
–	O
The	O
Foundation	O
announces	O
that	O
"	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
VideoCore	B-General_Concept
driver	O
code	O
which	O
runs	O
on	O
the	O
ARM	B-Architecture
"	O
had	O
been	O
released	O
as	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
under	O
a	O
BSD-style	B-Operating_System
licence	I-Operating_System
,	O
making	O
it	O
"	O
the	O
first	O
ARM-based	O
multimedia	O
SoC	B-Architecture
with	O
functional	O
,	O
vendor-provided	O
(	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
partial	O
,	O
reverse	O
engineered	O
)	O
fully	O
open-source	B-Application
drivers	O
"	O
,	O
although	O
this	O
claim	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
universally	O
accepted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
due	O
to	O
difficulties	O
in	O
sourcing	O
the	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
and	O
conservative	O
sales	O
forecasting	O
by	O
this	O
distributor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
17	O
December	O
2012	O
–	O
The	O
Foundation	O
,	O
in	O
collaboration	O
with	O
IndieCity	O
and	O
Velocix	O
,	O
opens	O
the	O
Pi	O
Store	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
one-stop	O
shop	O
for	O
all	O
your	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
(	O
software	O
)	O
needs	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
an	O
application	O
included	O
in	O
Raspbian	B-Application
,	O
users	O
can	O
browse	O
through	O
several	O
categories	O
and	O
download	O
what	O
they	O
want	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3	O
June	O
2013	O
–	O
"	O
New	O
Out	O
of	O
Box	O
Software	O
"	O
or	O
NOOBS	B-Operating_System
is	O
introduced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
makes	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
easier	O
to	O
use	O
by	O
simplifying	O
the	O
installation	O
of	O
an	O
operating	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
of	O
using	O
specific	O
software	O
to	O
prepare	O
an	O
SD	B-Device
card	I-Device
,	O
a	O
file	O
is	O
unzipped	O
and	O
the	O
contents	O
copied	O
over	O
to	O
a	O
FAT	O
formatted	O
(	O
4	O
GB	O
or	O
bigger	O
)	O
SD	B-Device
card	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
card	O
can	O
then	O
be	O
booted	O
on	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
and	O
a	O
choice	O
of	O
six	O
operating	O
systems	O
is	O
presented	O
for	O
installation	O
on	O
the	O
card	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
also	O
contains	O
a	O
recovery	O
partition	O
that	O
allows	O
for	O
the	O
quick	O
restoration	O
of	O
the	O
installed	O
OS	O
,	O
tools	O
to	O
modify	O
the	O
config.txt	O
and	O
an	O
online	O
help	O
button	O
and	O
web	O
browser	O
which	O
directs	O
to	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Forums	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
28	O
February	O
2014	O
–	O
On	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
the	O
second	O
anniversary	O
of	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
,	O
Broadcom	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
foundation	O
,	O
announced	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
full	O
documentation	O
for	O
the	O
VideoCore	B-General_Concept
IV	O
graphics	O
core	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
complete	O
source	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
graphics	O
stack	O
under	O
a	O
3-clause	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
licence	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
7	O
April	O
2014	O
–	O
The	O
official	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
blog	O
announced	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Compute	O
Module	O
,	O
a	O
device	O
in	O
a	O
200-pin	O
DDR2	O
SO-DIMM-configured	O
memory	B-General_Concept
module	O
(	O
though	O
not	O
in	O
any	O
way	O
compatible	O
with	O
such	O
RAM	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
intended	O
for	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
designers	O
to	O
use	O
as	O
the	O
core	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
June	O
2014	O
–	O
The	O
official	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
blog	O
mentioned	O
that	O
the	O
three	O
millionth	O
Pi	O
shipped	O
in	O
early	O
May	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
14	O
July	O
2014	O
–	O
The	O
official	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
blog	O
announced	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Model	O
B+	O
,	O
"	O
the	O
final	O
evolution	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
same	O
price	O
as	O
the	O
original	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
model	O
B	O
,	O
but	O
incorporating	O
numerous	O
small	O
improvements	O
people	O
have	O
been	O
asking	O
for	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
10	O
November	O
2014	O
–	O
The	O
official	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
blog	O
announced	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Model	O
A+	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
the	O
smallest	O
and	O
cheapest	O
(	O
US$20	O
)	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
so	O
far	O
and	O
has	O
the	O
same	O
processor	O
and	O
RAM	B-Architecture
as	O
the	O
Model	O
A	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
the	O
A	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
no	O
Ethernet	O
port	O
,	O
and	O
only	O
one	O
USB	B-Protocol
port	O
,	O
but	O
does	O
have	O
the	O
other	O
innovations	O
of	O
the	O
B+	O
,	O
like	O
lower	O
power	O
,	O
micro-SD-card	O
slot	O
,	O
and	O
40-pin	O
HAT	O
compatible	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
2	O
February	O
2015	O
–	O
The	O
official	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
blog	O
announced	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Looking	O
like	O
a	O
Model	O
B+	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
900MHz	O
quad-core	B-Architecture
ARMv7	O
Cortex-A7	B-Application
CPU	B-General_Concept
,	O
twice	O
the	O
memory	B-General_Concept
(	O
for	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
1	O
GB	O
)	O
and	O
complete	O
compatibility	O
with	O
the	O
original	O
generation	O
of	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pis	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Industry	O
observers	O
have	O
sceptically	O
noted	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
price	O
drop	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
direct	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
CHIP	B-Application
,	O
a	O
lower-priced	O
competitor	O
discontinued	O
in	O
April	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
29	O
September	O
2015	O
–	O
A	O
new	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Raspbian	B-Application
operating	O
system	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
Debian	O
Jessie	O
,	O
is	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
26	O
November	O
2015	O
–	O
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Foundation	O
launched	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Zero	I-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
smallest	O
and	O
cheapest	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
family	O
yet	O
,	O
at	O
65mm	O
×	O
30mm	O
,	O
and	O
US$5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Zero	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
Model	O
A+	O
without	O
camera	O
and	O
LCD	B-Device
connectors	O
,	O
while	O
smaller	O
and	O
uses	O
less	O
power	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
given	O
away	O
with	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
magazine	O
Magpi	O
No	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
29	O
February	O
2016	O
–	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3	O
with	O
a	O
BCM2837	O
1.2GHz	O
64-bit	B-Device
quad	O
processor	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
ARMv8	O
Cortex-A53	O
,	O
with	O
built-in	O
Wi-Fi	O
BCM43438	O
802.11n	O
2.4GHz	O
and	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
4.1	O
Low	O
Energy	O
(	O
BLE	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
a	O
32-bit	O
Raspbian	B-Application
version	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
64-bit	B-Device
version	O
later	O
to	O
come	O
if	O
"	O
there	O
is	O
value	O
in	O
moving	O
to	O
64-bit	B-Device
mode	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
February	O
2016	O
–	O
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Foundation	O
announces	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
sold	O
eight	O
million	O
devices	O
(	O
for	O
all	O
models	O
combined	O
)	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
the	O
best-selling	O
UK	O
personal	O
computer	O
,	O
ahead	O
of	O
the	O
Amstrad	B-Device
PCW	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
25	O
April	O
2016	O
–	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Camera	O
v2.1	O
announced	O
with	O
8	O
Mpixels	O
,	O
in	O
normal	O
and	O
NoIR	O
(	O
can	O
receive	O
IR	O
)	O
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
camera	O
uses	O
the	O
Sony	O
IMX219	B-Device
chip	B-Application
with	O
a	O
resolution	O
of	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
10	O
October	O
2016	O
–	O
NEC	O
Display	O
Solutions	O
announces	O
that	O
select	O
models	O
of	O
commercial	O
displays	O
to	O
be	O
released	O
in	O
early	O
2017	O
will	O
incorporate	O
a	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3	O
Compute	O
Module	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
14	O
October	O
2016	O
–	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Foundation	O
announces	O
their	O
co-operation	O
with	O
NEC	O
Display	O
Solutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
expect	O
that	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3	O
Compute	O
Module	O
will	O
be	O
available	O
to	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
by	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
28	O
February	O
2017	O
–	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Zero	I-Operating_System
W	O
with	O
WiFi	O
and	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
via	O
chip	B-Application
scale	O
antennas	O
launched	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
17	O
August	O
2017	O
–	O
The	O
Raspbian	B-Application
operating	O
system	O
is	O
upgraded	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
version	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
Debian	O
Stretch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
14	O
March	O
2018	O
–	O
On	O
Pi	O
Day	O
,	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Foundation	O
introduced	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3	O
Model	O
B+	O
with	O
improvements	O
in	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
PI	I-Operating_System
3B	O
computers	O
performance	O
,	O
updated	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Broadcom	O
application	O
processor	O
,	O
better	O
wireless	O
Wi-Fi	O
and	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
performance	O
and	O
addition	O
of	O
the	O
5GHz	O
band	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
15	O
November	O
2018	O
–	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3	O
Model	O
A+	O
launched	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
24	O
June	O
2019	O
–	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
4	O
Model	O
B	O
launched	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Raspbian	B-Application
operating	O
system	O
based	O
on	O
Debian	O
Buster	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
28	O
May	O
2020	O
–	O
An	O
8GB	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
4	O
is	O
announced	O
for	O
$75	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Raspberry	B-Application
Pi	I-Application
OS	I-Application
is	O
split	O
off	O
from	O
Raspbian	B-Application
,	O
and	O
now	O
includes	O
a	O
beta	O
of	O
a	O
64-bit	B-Device
version	O
that	O
allows	O
programs	O
to	O
use	O
more	O
than	O
4GB	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
2	O
November	O
2020	O
–	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
400	O
launched	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
keyboard	O
which	O
incorporates	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
4	O
into	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GPIO	B-Architecture
pins	O
of	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
4	O
are	O
accessible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
21	O
January	O
2021	O
–	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Pico	O
launched	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
microcontroller-class	O
product	O
from	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
RP2040	O
Microcontroller	B-Architecture
developed	O
by	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
30	O
October	O
2021	O
–	O
Raspberry	B-Application
Pi	I-Application
OS	I-Application
(	O
formerly	O
Raspbian	B-Application
)	O
is	O
updated	O
version	O
11	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
Debian	O
Bullseye	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
this	O
release	O
,	O
the	O
default	O
clock	O
speed	O
for	O
revision	O
1.4	O
of	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
4	O
is	O
increased	O
to	O
1.8GHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Foundation	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
5	O
million	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pis	I-Operating_System
were	O
sold	O
by	O
February	O
2015	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
the	O
best-selling	O
British	B-Device
computer	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2021	O
and	O
continuing	O
through	O
2022	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
significant	O
availability	O
issues	O
and	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
products	O
are	O
difficult	O
to	O
obtain	O
.	O
</s>
