<s>
ranger	B-Device
is	O
a	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
file	B-Application
manager	I-Application
with	O
text-based	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
for	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
developed	O
by	O
Roman	O
Zimbelmann	O
and	O
licensed	O
under	O
the	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
conjunction	O
with	O
extensions	O
including	O
the	O
rifle	O
file	O
opener	O
and	O
scope.sh,	O
ranger	B-Device
can	O
be	O
scripted	O
to	O
open	O
files	O
with	O
pre-defined	O
programs	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
display	O
a	O
preview	O
of	O
the	O
selected	O
file	O
by	O
calling	O
external	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ranger	B-Device
is	O
written	O
in	O
Python	B-Language
and	O
the	O
text-based	B-Application
interface	I-Application
uses	O
ncurses	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
ranger	B-Device
borrows	O
its	O
keybindings	O
from	O
vi	B-Application
where	O
possible	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
accepts	O
mouse	O
buttons	O
and	O
shares	O
a	O
few	O
keybindings	O
with	O
GNU	B-Application
Readline	I-Application
and	O
Midnight	B-Protocol
Commander	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
its	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
Miller	O
columns	O
layout	O
,	O
ranger	B-Device
has	O
been	O
compared	O
to	O
Finder	B-Application
,	O
the	O
default	O
file	B-Application
manager	I-Application
used	O
on	O
the	O
classic	B-Application
Mac	I-Application
OS	I-Application
and	O
macOS	B-Application
operating	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
suggested	O
as	O
a	O
viable	O
alternative	O
to	O
users	O
accustomed	O
to	O
Directory	B-Application
Opus	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
ranger	B-Device
shares	O
similarities	O
with	O
other	O
text-based	B-Application
file	B-Application
managers	I-Application
including	O
Midnight	B-Protocol
Commander	I-Protocol
,	O
from	O
which	O
it	O
borrowed	O
its	O
function	B-Application
key	I-Application
keyboard	O
shortcuts	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
,	O
which	O
also	O
borrows	O
features	O
from	O
vi	B-Application
and	O
Mutt	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
most	O
core	B-Application
utilities	I-Application
related	O
to	O
file	O
management	O
(	O
cd	O
,	O
ls	O
,	O
rm	O
,	O
mv	O
,	O
ln	O
,	O
touch	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
are	O
available	O
from	O
within	O
ranger	B-Device
's	O
distinct	O
command	O
language	O
layer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
File	O
browser	O
with	O
a	O
similar	O
text	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
include	O
rover	O
and	O
nnn	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
2012	O
survey	O
among	O
Arch	O
Linux	B-Application
users	O
found	O
that	O
ranger	B-Device
was	O
the	O
most	O
used	O
text-based	B-Application
file	B-Application
manager	I-Application
among	O
respondents	O
,	O
surpassing	O
Midnight	B-Protocol
Commander	I-Protocol
,	O
the	O
second	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
text-based	B-Application
file	B-Application
manager	I-Application
,	O
by	O
a	O
factor	O
of	O
two	O
and	O
a	O
half	O
(	O
20%	O
to	O
8%	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ranger	B-Device
also	O
received	O
0.9	O
%	O
of	O
votes	O
in	O
the	O
"	O
Best	O
File	B-Application
Manager	I-Application
"	O
category	O
in	O
a	O
2013	O
survey	O
by	O
Linux	B-Application
Journal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LinuxLinks	O
named	O
it	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
10	O
Best	O
Orthodox	O
Free	O
Linux	B-Application
File	B-Application
Managers	I-Application
"	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
of	O
its	O
"	O
5	O
Top	O
Console	O
Linux	B-Application
File	B-Application
Managers	I-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
often	O
cited	O
in	O
magazine	O
articles	O
and	O
software	O
blogs	O
for	O
power	B-General_Concept
users	I-General_Concept
as	O
an	O
illustration	O
of	O
the	O
power	O
and	O
versatility	O
of	O
the	O
command	O
line	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
