<s>
Raman	B-Algorithm
spectroelectrochemistry	I-Algorithm
(	O
Raman-SEC	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
technique	O
that	O
studies	O
the	O
inelastic	O
scattering	O
or	O
Raman	B-Architecture
scattering	I-Architecture
of	O
monochromatic	O
light	O
related	O
to	O
chemical	O
compounds	O
involved	O
in	O
an	O
electrode	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Raman	B-Algorithm
spectroelectrochemistry	I-Algorithm
provides	O
specific	O
information	O
about	O
structural	O
changes	O
,	O
composition	O
and	O
orientation	O
of	O
the	O
molecules	O
on	O
the	O
electrode	O
surface	O
involved	O
in	O
an	O
electrochemical	O
reaction	O
,	O
being	O
the	O
Raman	O
spectra	O
registered	O
a	O
real	O
fingerprint	O
of	O
the	O
compounds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
a	O
monochromatic	O
light	O
beam	O
samples	O
the	O
electrode/solution	O
interface	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
photons	B-Application
are	O
scattered	O
elastically	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
energy	O
than	O
the	O
incident	O
light	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
a	O
small	O
fraction	O
is	O
scattered	O
inelastically	O
,	O
being	O
the	O
energy	O
of	O
the	O
laser	O
photons	B-Application
shifted	O
up	O
or	O
down	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
scattering	O
is	O
elastic	O
,	O
the	O
phenomenon	O
is	O
denoted	O
as	O
Rayleigh	O
scattering	O
,	O
while	O
when	O
it	O
is	O
inelastic	O
it	O
is	O
called	O
Raman	B-Architecture
scattering	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Raman	O
spectroscopy	O
combined	O
with	O
electrochemical	O
techniques	O
,	O
makes	O
Raman	B-Algorithm
spectroelectrochemistry	I-Algorithm
a	O
powerful	O
technique	O
in	O
the	O
identification	O
,	O
characterization	O
and	O
quantification	O
of	O
molecules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
advantage	O
of	O
Raman	B-Algorithm
spectroelectrochemistry	I-Algorithm
is	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
limited	O
to	O
the	O
selected	O
solvent	O
,	O
and	O
aqueous	O
and	O
organic	O
solutions	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
researchers	O
,	O
a	O
few	O
experimental	O
considerations	O
related	O
to	O
Raman	B-Algorithm
spectroelectrochemistry	I-Algorithm
include	O
electrode	O
preparation	O
,	O
cell	O
design	O
,	O
laser	O
parameters	O
,	O
electrochemical	O
sequence	O
and	O
data	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Surface-Enhanced	O
Raman	B-Architecture
Scattering	I-Architecture
(	O
SERS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
technique	O
capable	O
of	O
increasing	O
Raman	O
signal	O
intensity	O
up	O
to	O
1011	O
times	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Surface-oxidation	O
enhanced	O
Raman	B-Architecture
scattering	I-Architecture
(	O
SOERS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
process	O
similar	O
to	O
SERS	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
the	O
Raman	O
signal	O
to	O
be	O
enhanced	O
when	O
a	O
silver	O
electrode	O
is	O
oxidized	O
in	O
a	O
particular	O
electrolyte	O
composition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tip-enhanced	O
Raman	B-Architecture
scattering	I-Architecture
(	O
TERS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
technique	O
that	O
provides	O
molecular	O
information	O
at	O
nanoscale	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Raman	B-Architecture
scattering	I-Architecture
provides	O
spectra	O
with	O
very	O
weak	O
Raman	O
bands	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
a	O
very	O
well	O
aligned	O
optical	O
configuration	O
is	O
required	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Laser	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
electrode	O
surface	O
and	O
an	O
efficient	O
collection	O
of	O
the	O
scattered	O
photons	B-Application
is	O
mandatory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
of	O
the	O
instruments	O
used	O
for	O
Raman-SEC	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
a	O
spectrometer	O
,	O
a	O
potentiostat	O
and	O
a	O
confocal	O
microscope	O
,	O
since	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
focus	O
and	O
collect	O
the	O
scattered	O
photons	B-Application
in	O
a	O
highly	O
efficient	O
way	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
experimental	O
setup	O
to	O
perform	O
Raman	B-Algorithm
spectroelectrochemistry	I-Algorithm
consists	O
of	O
a	O
light	O
source	O
,	O
a	O
spectrometer	O
,	O
a	O
potentiostat	O
,	O
a	O
spectroelectrochemical	O
cell	O
,	O
a	O
three-electrode	O
system	O
,	O
radiation	O
beam	O
conducting	O
devices	O
,	O
data	O
collection	O
and	O
analysis	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Devices	O
for	O
conducting	O
the	O
radiation	O
beam	O
:	O
lenses	O
,	O
mirrors	O
and/or	O
optical	B-Architecture
fibres	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Materials	O
:	O
Raman-SEC	O
is	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
new	O
materials	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
graphene	O
,	O
carbon	O
nanotubes	O
or	O
conductive	O
polymers	B-Language
,	O
among	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
