<s>
A	O
radar	B-Application
detector	I-Application
is	O
an	O
electronic	O
device	O
used	O
by	O
motorists	O
to	O
detect	O
if	O
their	O
speed	O
is	O
being	O
monitored	O
by	O
police	O
or	O
law	O
enforcement	O
using	O
a	O
radar	O
gun	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
are	O
used	O
so	O
the	O
driver	O
can	O
reduce	O
the	O
car	O
's	O
speed	O
before	O
being	O
ticketed	O
for	O
speeding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
general	O
sense	O
,	O
only	O
emitting	O
technologies	O
,	O
like	O
doppler	B-Algorithm
RADAR	I-Algorithm
,	O
or	O
LIDAR	O
can	O
be	O
detected	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Visual	O
speed	O
estimating	O
techniques	O
,	O
like	O
ANPR	B-Application
or	O
VASCAR	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
detected	O
in	O
daytime	O
,	O
but	O
technically	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
detection	O
at	O
night	O
,	O
when	O
IR	O
spotlight	O
is	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
of	O
today	O
's	O
radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
detect	O
signals	O
across	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
wavelength	O
bands	O
:	O
usually	O
X	B-Algorithm
,	O
K	B-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
Ka	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Europe	O
the	O
Ku	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
is	O
common	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
past	O
success	O
of	O
radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
radio-wave	O
beams	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
narrow-enough	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
detector	O
usually	O
senses	O
stray	O
and	O
scattered	O
radiation	O
,	O
giving	O
the	O
driver	O
time	O
to	O
slow	O
down	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
devices	O
are	O
also	O
often	O
called	O
"	O
radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
"	O
,	O
while	O
not	O
necessary	O
carrying	O
an	O
RF	B-Protocol
sensor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
device	O
law	O
enforcement	O
use	O
to	O
measure	O
the	O
expected	O
speed	O
of	O
a	O
moving	O
vehicle	O
is	O
Doppler	B-Algorithm
radar	I-Algorithm
,	O
which	O
uses	O
the	O
Doppler	O
effect	O
to	O
measure	O
the	O
relative	O
speed	O
of	O
a	O
vehicle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Doppler	B-Algorithm
radar	I-Algorithm
works	O
by	O
beaming	O
a	O
radio	O
wave	O
at	O
a	O
vehicle	O
to	O
then	O
measure	O
the	O
expected	O
change	O
in	O
frequency	O
of	O
the	O
reflected	O
wave	O
(	O
that	O
bounces	O
off	O
the	O
vehicle	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Law	O
enforcement	O
often	O
employs	O
Doppler	B-Algorithm
radar	I-Algorithm
via	O
hand-held	O
radar	O
guns	O
,	O
from	O
vehicles	O
,	O
or	O
from	O
fixed	O
objects	O
such	O
as	O
traffic	O
signals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
use	O
a	O
superheterodyne	O
receiver	O
to	O
detect	O
these	O
electromagnetic	O
emissions	O
from	O
the	O
gun	O
,	O
and	O
raise	O
an	O
alarm	O
to	O
notify	O
the	O
motorist	O
when	O
a	O
transmission	O
is	O
detected	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
False	O
alarms	O
can	O
occur	O
however	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
devices	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
automatic	O
door	O
openers	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
ones	O
at	O
supermarkets	O
and	O
drug	O
stores	O
)	O
,	O
speed	O
signs	O
,	O
blind	O
spot	O
monitoring	O
systems	O
,	O
poorly	O
designed	O
radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
and	O
adaptive	O
cruise	O
control	O
,	O
that	O
operate	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
electromagnetic	O
spectrum	O
as	O
radar	O
guns	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
some	O
radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
have	O
added	O
GPS	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
as	O
new	O
frequencies	O
have	O
been	O
introduced	O
,	O
radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
have	O
initially	O
been	O
"	O
blind	O
"	O
to	O
them	O
until	O
their	O
technology	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
updated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lastly	O
,	O
radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
may	O
combine	O
other	O
technologies	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
GPS-based	O
technology	O
with	O
a	O
point	O
of	O
interest	O
database	O
of	O
known	O
speed	O
trapping	O
locations	O
,	O
into	O
a	O
single	O
device	O
to	O
improve	O
their	O
chances	O
of	O
success	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
superheterodyne	O
receiver	O
in	O
radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
has	O
a	O
local	O
oscillator	O
that	O
radiates	O
slightly	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
radar-detector	O
detector	O
,	O
which	O
detects	O
such	O
emissions	O
(	O
usually	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
the	O
radar	O
type	O
being	O
detected	O
,	O
plus	O
about	O
10MHz	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
form	O
of	O
"	O
electronic	O
warfare	O
"	O
cuts	O
both	O
ways	O
-	O
since	O
detector-detectors	O
use	O
a	O
similar	O
superheterodyne	O
receiver	O
,	O
many	O
early	O
"	O
stealth	O
"	O
radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
were	O
equipped	O
with	O
a	O
radar-detector-detector-detector	O
circuit	O
,	O
which	O
shuts	O
down	O
the	O
main	O
radar	O
receiver	O
when	O
the	O
detector-detector	O
'	O
s	O
signal	O
is	O
sensed	O
,	O
thus	O
preventing	O
detection	O
by	O
such	O
equipment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
,	O
BEL-Tronics	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
of	O
Ontario	B-Architecture
,	O
Canada	O
(	O
where	O
radar	B-Application
detector	I-Application
use	O
is	O
prohibited	O
in	O
most	O
provinces	O
)	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
local	O
oscillator	O
frequency	O
of	O
the	O
detector	O
could	O
be	O
altered	O
to	O
be	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
the	O
VG-2	O
Interceptor	O
(	O
probably	O
by	O
using	O
two	O
LO	O
stages	O
such	O
that	O
neither	O
is	O
near	O
the	O
RF	B-Protocol
frequency	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
,	O
practically	O
every	O
radar	B-Application
detector	I-Application
on	O
the	O
market	O
is	O
immune	O
to	O
the	O
VG-2	O
Interceptor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
VG-2	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
in	O
production	O
and	O
radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
immune	O
to	O
the	O
Spectre	O
Elite	O
are	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
,	O
which	O
detect	O
radio	O
transmissions	O
,	O
are	O
unable	O
to	O
detect	O
the	O
infrared	O
light	O
emitted	O
by	O
LIDAR	O
guns	O
,	O
so	O
a	O
different	O
type	O
of	O
device	O
called	O
a	O
LIDAR	O
detector	O
is	O
required	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
LIDAR	O
detection	O
is	O
not	O
nearly	O
as	O
effective	O
as	O
radar	B-Application
detection	I-Application
because	O
the	O
output	O
beam	O
is	O
very	O
focused	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
police	O
officer	O
targeting	O
a	O
car	O
will	O
most	O
likely	O
aim	O
for	O
the	O
center	O
mass	O
or	O
headlight	O
of	O
the	O
vehicle	O
and	O
,	O
because	O
radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
are	O
mounted	O
on	O
the	O
windshield	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
beam	O
's	O
aim	O
,	O
they	O
may	O
not	O
alert	O
at	O
all	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
states	O
also	O
have	O
laws	O
against	O
jamming	O
of	O
police	O
radar	O
or	O
LIDAR	O
:	O
California	O
,	O
Colorado	O
,	O
Illinois	O
,	O
Iowa	O
,	O
Minnesota	O
,	O
Oklahoma	O
,	O
South	O
Carolina	O
,	O
Tennessee	O
,	O
Texas	O
,	O
Utah	O
and	O
Virginia	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
or	O
possessing	O
a	O
radar	B-Application
detector	I-Application
or	O
jammer	O
is	O
illegal	O
in	O
certain	O
countries	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
may	O
result	O
in	O
fines	O
,	O
seizure	O
of	O
the	O
device	O
,	O
or	O
both	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
prohibitions	O
generally	O
are	O
introduced	O
under	O
the	O
premise	O
that	O
a	O
driver	O
who	O
uses	O
a	O
radar	B-Application
detector	I-Application
will	O
pose	O
a	O
greater	O
risk	O
of	O
accident	O
than	O
a	O
driver	O
who	O
does	O
not	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
table	O
below	O
provides	O
information	O
about	O
laws	O
regarding	O
radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
in	O
particular	O
nations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Victoria	O
it	O
is	O
an	O
offence	O
to	O
sell	O
,	O
use	O
or	O
possess	O
a	O
radar	B-Application
detector	I-Application
,	O
and	O
police	O
may	O
confiscate	O
such	O
equipment	O
if	O
found	O
in	O
a	O
vehicle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Heavy	O
fines	O
apply	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
AU$200	O
–	O
$1	O
,	O
700	O
,	O
up	O
to	O
nine	O
demerit	O
points	O
,	O
and	O
confiscation	O
of	O
the	O
radar	B-Application
detector	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Effective	O
October	O
12	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
heavy	O
penalties	O
for	O
drivers	O
with	O
radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
apply	O
in	O
WA.K	O
,	O
Ka	O
,	O
Laser	O
Belgium	O
Illegal	O
In	O
July	O
2006	O
,	O
a	O
provisional	O
seizure	O
of	O
a	O
vehicle	O
worth	O
over	O
€	O
75,000	O
and	O
destruction	O
of	O
the	O
radar	B-Application
detector	I-Application
was	O
ordered	O
by	O
the	O
courts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
based	O
radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
are	O
illegal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fine	O
between	O
100	O
&	O
300	O
BAM.BrazilIllegal	O
in	O
all	O
states.BulgariaDetectors	O
legal	O
,	O
jammers	O
illegal.Radar	O
jammers	O
are	O
illegal.X	O
,	O
K	B-Algorithm
(	O
fixed	O
camera+radar	O
)	O
CanadaLegal	O
in	O
British	O
Columbia	O
,	O
Alberta	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
Saskatchewan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Illegal	O
in	O
Newfoundland	O
and	O
Labrador	O
,	O
Nova	O
Scotia	O
,	O
Prince	O
Edward	O
Island	O
,	O
New	O
Brunswick	O
,	O
Quebec	O
,	O
Ontario	B-Architecture
,	O
Manitoba	O
,	O
Yukon	O
,	O
Northwest	O
Territories	O
and	O
Nunavut.Regardless	O
of	O
whether	O
they	O
are	O
used	O
or	O
not	O
,	O
police	O
there	O
may	O
confiscate	O
radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
,	O
operational	O
or	O
not	O
,	O
and	O
impose	O
substantial	O
fines	O
in	O
provinces	O
where	O
radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
are	O
illegal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quebec	O
penalizes	O
$500	O
CAD	O
for	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
radar	B-Application
detector	I-Application
,	O
along	O
with	O
confiscation	O
of	O
the	O
device.bonjourquebec.comK	O
,	O
Ka	O
,	O
LaserChinaDetectors	O
legal	O
,	O
jammers	O
illegal	O
All	O
radar	O
locations	O
in	O
China	O
are	O
reported	O
and	O
published	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
average	O
net	O
income	O
of	O
€2200	O
/month	O
,	O
the	O
fine	O
would	O
be	O
around	O
€640	O
plus	O
possible	O
speeding	O
ticket.KaFranceDetectors	O
and	O
jammers	O
are	O
illegal	O
to	O
own	O
,	O
use	O
or	O
sell.Regardless	O
of	O
whether	O
they	O
are	O
used	O
or	O
not	O
,	O
police	O
there	O
may	O
confiscate	O
radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
,	O
operational	O
or	O
not	O
,	O
and	O
impose	O
substantial	O
fines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
devices	O
which	O
locate	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
must	O
be	O
signaled	O
as	O
"	O
Danger	O
zones	O
"	O
which	O
are	O
precisely	O
300	O
meters	O
long	O
in	O
towns	O
,	O
2	O
km	O
out	O
of	O
towns	O
and	O
4	O
km	O
on	O
highways	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Use	O
of	O
illegal	O
radar	B-Application
detector	I-Application
is	O
prosecuted	O
€1500	O
fine	O
&	O
6	O
points	O
on	O
driver	O
's	O
license.K	O
24.125	O
GHz	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
Jammers	O
still	O
illegal.Some	O
cellular	O
providers	O
such	O
as	O
Pelephone	O
actually	O
provide	O
radar	O
detecting	O
as	O
a	O
service	O
powered	O
by	O
GPS.pelephone.co.ilKa	O
,	O
LaserItalyIllegalFine	O
up	O
to	O
€3312	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
confiscation	O
of	O
the	O
device.JapanLegalJordanIllegalRegardless	O
of	O
whether	O
they	O
are	O
used	O
or	O
not	O
,	O
police	O
there	O
may	O
confiscate	O
radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
,	O
operational	O
or	O
not.Laser	O
(	O
possibly	O
others	O
)	O
KazakhstanLegalX	O
,	O
K	B-Algorithm
,	O
Ka	O
,	O
X	B-Algorithm
POP	O
,	O
Ka	O
POP	O
,	O
LaserLatviaLegal	O
to	O
own	O
,	O
illegal	O
to	O
use	O
in	O
a	O
vehicle57	O
EUR	O
fine	O
and	O
the	O
detector	O
will	O
be	O
confiscated.K	O
,	O
POP	O
Ka	O
,	O
LaserLithuaniaDetectors	O
:	O
legal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jammers	O
:	O
legal	O
to	O
own	O
,	O
illegal	O
to	O
use.X	O
,	O
POP	O
K	B-Algorithm
,	O
LaserMalaysiaIllegal	O
to	O
possess	O
,	O
purchase	O
,	O
sell	O
or	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NetherlandsIllegal€420	O
fine	O
and	O
seizure	O
of	O
the	O
device	O
(	O
since	O
2004	O
)	O
New	O
ZealandLegalKa	O
and	O
Laser	O
used	O
also	O
fixed	O
speed	B-General_Concept
camera	I-General_Concept
and	O
speed	B-General_Concept
camera	I-General_Concept
vans	O
(	O
Low	O
Powered	O
K	B-Algorithm
Band	I-Algorithm
)	O
North	O
KoreaIllegalConfiscated	O
in	O
border	O
controls	O
along	O
South	O
Korea	O
and	O
China	O
borders	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
airports.NorwayIllegal	O
to	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Legal	O
to	O
own	O
,	O
sell	O
,	O
and	O
buy	O
)	O
8000-10000	O
krone	O
fine	O
and	O
seizure	O
of	O
the	O
device.PakistanLegalPhilippinesLegalPolandLegal	O
to	O
own	O
,	O
illegal	O
to	O
use	O
in	O
a	O
moving	O
vehicleJammers	O
illegalX	O
,	O
K	B-Algorithm
,	O
Pulse	O
K	B-Algorithm
,	O
Ka	O
Narrow	O
,	O
LaserPortugalIllegal	O
to	O
own	O
and/or	O
use	O
in	O
a	O
vehicleLaw	O
enforcement	O
authorities	O
can	O
confiscate	O
radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
and	O
apply	O
a	O
fine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Portuguese	O
Tax	O
and	O
Customs	O
Authority	O
can	O
seize	O
any	O
imported	O
radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Radar	O
jammers	O
are	O
also	O
illegal.RomaniaLegal	O
since	O
2006Radar	O
jammers	O
still	O
illegal.Instant-On	O
K	B-Algorithm
,	O
LaserRussiaDetectors	O
legal	O
,	O
jammers	O
illegal.The	O
national	O
system	O
for	O
measuring	O
the	O
speed	O
of	O
vehicles	O
and	O
cars	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
National	O
ranges	O
work	O
radars	O
in	O
X	B-Algorithm
and	O
Ku.Instant-On	O
(	O
Pulse	O
)	O
X(10,2-10,65 GHz )	O
,	O
Ku(13,56-13,62 GHz )	O
POP	O
K	B-Algorithm
,	O
Laser	O
(	O
0	O
,	O
8-1	O
,	O
1	O
mkm	O
)	O
Saudi	O
ArabiaIllegalSerbiaIllegal	O
to	O
purchase	O
,	O
use	O
,	O
possess	O
,	O
sell	O
or	O
advertiseIllegal	O
to	O
use	O
or	O
have	O
in	O
possession	O
in	O
a	O
vehicle	O
in	O
traffic	O
,	O
to	O
sell	O
or	O
advertise	O
:	O
an	O
apparatus	O
or	O
any	O
other	O
means	O
of	O
detecting	O
or	O
interfering	O
with	O
operation	O
of	O
vehicle	O
speed	O
measuring	O
devices	O
,	O
or	O
any	O
other	O
apparatus	O
used	O
for	O
discovering	O
and	O
reporting	O
traffic	O
violationsSingaporeIllegal	O
to	O
possess	O
,	O
purchase	O
,	O
sell	O
or	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Heavy	O
fines	O
apply.Radar	O
detectors	O
are	O
also	O
prohibited	O
items	O
under	O
customs	O
laws.SlovakiaLegal	O
to	O
own	O
,	O
illegal	O
to	O
use	O
in	O
a	O
vehicleIn	O
case	O
of	O
proven	O
use	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
fine	O
of	O
€	O
150.Ka	O
,	O
K	B-Algorithm
,	O
LaserSloveniaLegalLaser	O
jammers	O
illegal	O
(	O
fine	O
up	O
to	O
€500	O
and	O
confiscation	O
of	O
the	O
device	O
)	O
.South	O
AfricaIllegal	O
to	O
use	O
in	O
a	O
moving	O
vehicleImporting	O
a	O
unit	O
is	O
permitted	O
under	O
South	O
African	O
customs	O
regulations.South	O
KoreaLegalSpainRadar	O
Detectors	O
illegal	O
,	O
jammers	O
illegal.Radar	O
and	O
Laser	O
jammers	O
fine	O
up	O
to	O
€6000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
fine	O
up	O
to	O
3	O
points	O
from	O
the	O
driving	O
license	O
and	O
€	O
200.Ka	O
narrow	O
,	O
laser	O
,	O
AutoveloxSwitzerlandDetectors	O
and	O
jammers	O
are	O
illegal	O
to	O
own	O
,	O
use	O
or	O
sell.660SFr	O
fine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
will	O
be	O
confiscated	O
and	O
destroyed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
any	O
GPS-based	O
device	O
to	O
locate	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
is	O
also	O
illegal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
K-Band	B-Algorithm
24.125	O
GHz	O
,	O
Ka-Band	O
34.36	O
GHz	O
,	O
LaserTaiwanLegalEffective	O
1	O
July	O
1987	O
,	O
radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
used	O
in	O
motor	O
vehicles	O
risked	O
being	O
administratively	O
fined	O
1200	O
to	O
2400	O
new	O
Taiwan	O
dollars	O
and	O
confiscated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Effective	O
1	O
July	O
2006	O
,	O
radar	B-Application
detectors	I-Application
would	O
no	O
longer	O
be	O
banned	O
in	O
motor	O
vehicles.X	O
,	O
K	B-Algorithm
,	O
Ku	O
,	O
Laser	O
(	O
Possibly	O
others	O
)	O
TurkeyIllegalRadar	O
jammers	O
are	O
illegalUAEIllegalUnited	O
KingdomLegal	O
,	O
although	O
prior	O
to	O
1998	O
the	O
Police	O
would	O
attempt	O
prosecutions	O
under	O
the	O
Wireless	O
and	O
Telegraphy	O
act	O
1949	O
,	O
laser	O
jammers	O
are	O
still	O
a	O
grey	O
area	O
in	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
them.google.co.ukUnited	O
StatesLaw	O
varies	O
from	O
state	O
to	O
state	O
,	O
but	O
detectors	O
are	O
generally	O
legal	O
in	O
private	O
vehicles	O
under	O
the	O
Communications	O
Act	O
of	O
1934	O
and	O
illegal	O
in	O
commercial	O
vehicles	O
by	O
DOT	O
regulation	O
(	O
49	O
CFR	O
392.71	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Speed	B-General_Concept
camera	I-General_Concept
detectors	O
in	O
cars	O
are	O
not	O
banned	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eleven	O
states	O
specifically	O
ban	O
laser	O
jammers	O
:	O
California	O
,	O
Colorado	O
,	O
Illinois	O
,	O
Iowa	O
,	O
Minnesota	O
,	O
Oklahoma	O
,	O
South	O
Carolina	O
,	O
Tennessee	O
,	O
Texas	O
,	O
Utah	O
,	O
and	O
Virginia	B-Application
.	O
</s>
