<s>
Radar	B-Algorithm
MASINT	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
subdiscipline	O
of	O
measurement	O
and	O
signature	O
intelligence	O
(	O
MASINT	O
)	O
and	O
refers	O
to	O
intelligence	O
gathering	O
activities	O
that	O
bring	O
together	O
disparate	O
elements	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
fit	O
within	O
the	O
definitions	O
of	O
signals	O
intelligence	O
(	O
SIGINT	O
)	O
,	O
imagery	O
intelligence	O
(	O
IMINT	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
human	O
intelligence	O
(	O
HUMINT	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Radar	B-Algorithm
MASINT	I-Algorithm
is	O
complementary	O
to	O
SIGINT	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
the	O
ELINT	O
subdiscipline	O
of	O
SIGINT	O
analyzes	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
radar	O
directed	O
on	O
a	O
target	O
,	O
radar	B-Algorithm
MASINT	I-Algorithm
is	O
concerned	O
with	O
using	O
specialized	O
radar	O
techniques	O
that	O
measure	O
characteristics	O
of	O
targets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specialized	O
MASINT	O
radar	O
techniques	O
include	O
line-of-sight	O
(	O
LOS	O
)	O
,	O
over-the-horizon	O
,	O
synthetic	B-Application
aperture	I-Application
radar	I-Application
(	O
SAR	O
)	O
,	O
inverse	B-Algorithm
synthetic	I-Algorithm
aperture	I-Algorithm
radar	I-Algorithm
(	O
ISAR	O
)	O
and	O
multistatic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Radar	B-Algorithm
MASINT	I-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
active	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
MASINT	O
platform	O
both	O
transmitting	O
and	O
receiving	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Complementary	O
acoustic	O
and	O
electro-optical	O
systems	O
can	O
compensate	O
for	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
omnidirectional	O
coverage	O
by	O
the	O
AN/TPQ	B-Algorithm
-36	I-Algorithm
and	O
AN/TPQ	B-Algorithm
-37	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
LCMR	O
,	O
AN/TPQ	B-Algorithm
-36	I-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
AN/TPQ	B-Algorithm
-37	I-Algorithm
radars	O
are	O
ideally	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
layered	O
detection	O
system	O
,	O
for	O
short	O
,	O
medium	O
,	O
and	O
long	O
range	O
detection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Physically	O
heavier	O
than	O
the	O
LCMR	O
,	O
the	O
AN/TPQ	B-Algorithm
-36	I-Algorithm
Firefinder	I-Algorithm
radar	I-Algorithm
can	O
detect	O
cannon	O
,	O
rockets	O
,	O
and	O
mortars	O
within	O
its	O
range	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
intended	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
third	O
tier	O
against	O
long-range	O
threats	O
,	O
the	O
AN/TPQ	B-Algorithm
-37	I-Algorithm
Firefinder	I-Algorithm
radar	I-Algorithm
basic	O
software	O
filters	O
out	O
all	O
other	O
radar	O
tracks	O
with	O
signatures	O
of	O
lesser-ranged	O
threats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Standard	O
TPQ-36/37	O
radars	O
are	O
semi-manual	O
in	O
their	O
plotting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Portable	O
,	O
and	O
intended	O
for	O
tactical	O
use	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
man-portable	O
surveillance	O
and	O
target	O
acquisition	O
radar	O
(	O
MSTAR	B-Application
)	O
,	O
originally	O
developed	O
for	O
British	O
use	O
in	O
artillery	O
spotting	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
primary	O
users	O
of	O
MSTAR	B-Application
,	O
like	O
its	O
predecessor	O
,	O
were	O
and	O
are	O
artillery	O
observation	O
parties	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
ground	O
reconnaissance	O
and	O
surveillance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MSTAR	B-Application
entered	O
UK	O
service	O
in	O
early	O
1991	O
,	O
slightly	O
accelerated	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
the	O
Gulf	O
War	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MSTAR	B-Application
was	O
developed	O
and	O
produced	O
in	O
UK	O
in	O
the	O
mid	O
1980s	O
by	O
Thorn	O
EMI	O
Electronics	O
(	O
now	O
part	O
of	O
Thales	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
Doppler	O
radar	O
operating	O
in	O
the	O
J	B-Algorithm
Band	I-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
detecting	O
,	O
recognising	O
and	O
tracking	O
helicopters	O
,	O
slow	O
moving	O
fixed-wing	O
aircraft	O
,	O
tracked	O
and	O
wheeled	O
vehicles	O
and	O
troops	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
observing	O
and	O
adjusting	O
the	O
fall	O
of	O
shot	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
synthetic	B-Application
aperture	I-Application
radar	I-Application
(	O
SAR	O
)	O
system	O
,	O
exploits	O
the	O
fast	O
movement	O
of	O
an	O
aircraft	O
or	O
satellite	O
,	O
simulating	O
a	O
large	O
antenna	O
by	O
combining	O
samples	O
over	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flying	O
on	O
the	O
MQ-1	O
Predator	O
,	O
the	O
Northrop	O
Grumman	O
AN/ZPQ	O
-1	O
Tactical	O
Endurance	O
Synthetic	B-Application
Aperture	I-Application
Radar	I-Application
(	O
Tesar	O
)	O
started	O
operations	O
,	O
in	O
March	O
1996	O
,	O
over	O
Bosnia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
ARL-designed	O
UWB	O
SAR	O
systems	O
include	O
the	O
railSAR	B-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
boomSAR	B-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
SIRE	B-Algorithm
radar	I-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
the	O
SAFIRE	B-Algorithm
radar	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
railSAR	B-Algorithm
was	O
among	O
the	O
earliest	O
of	O
the	O
UWB	O
SAR	O
technology	O
at	O
ARL	O
and	O
was	O
constructed	O
as	O
a	O
stationary	O
,	O
rail-guided	O
impulse	O
radar	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
then	O
incorporated	O
into	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
boomSAR	B-Algorithm
in	O
1995	O
,	O
which	O
emulated	O
the	O
functions	O
of	O
an	O
airborne	O
radar	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Afterwards	O
,	O
the	O
UWB	O
SAR	O
technology	O
was	O
eventually	O
transferred	O
onto	O
a	O
vehicle-based	O
platform	O
like	O
with	O
the	O
SIRE	B-Algorithm
radar	I-Algorithm
and	O
the	O
SAFIRE	B-Algorithm
radar	I-Algorithm
for	O
greater	O
access	O
and	O
mobility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Systems	O
that	O
align	O
with	O
the	O
weapon	O
or	O
weapon	O
sight	O
and	O
are	O
pointed	O
at	O
the	O
intended	O
target	O
,	O
and	O
send	O
an	O
identification	B-Device
friend	I-Device
or	I-Device
foe	I-Device
(	O
IFF	O
)	O
signal	O
at	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
1997	O
Defense	O
Department	O
report	O
mentions	O
"	O
Air	O
Force	O
and	O
Navy	O
combat	B-Device
identification	I-Device
efforts	O
focus	O
on	O
non-cooperative	O
target	O
recognition	O
technologies	O
,	O
including	O
inverse	B-Algorithm
synthetic	I-Algorithm
aperture	I-Algorithm
radar	I-Algorithm
imaging	O
,	O
jet	O
engine	O
modulation	O
(	O
JEM	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
unintentional	O
modulation	O
on	O
pulse-based	O
specific	O
emitters	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
graphic	O
shows	O
the	O
terminology	O
in	O
bistatic	B-Algorithm
radar	I-Algorithm
,	O
with	O
a	O
separate	O
receiver	O
and	O
transmitter	O
.	O
</s>
