<s>
A	O
racing	B-Application
wheel	I-Application
is	O
a	O
control	O
device	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
racing	O
games	O
,	O
racing	B-Application
simulators	I-Application
,	O
and	O
driving	B-Application
simulators	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
usually	O
packaged	O
with	O
a	O
large	O
paddle	B-Device
styled	O
as	O
a	O
steering	O
wheel	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
pedals	O
for	O
accelerator	O
,	O
brake	O
,	O
and	O
clutch	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
transmission	O
controls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Racing	B-Application
wheels	I-Application
have	O
been	O
developed	O
for	O
use	O
with	O
arcade	O
games	O
,	O
game	O
consoles	O
,	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
and	O
also	O
for	O
professional	O
driving	B-Application
simulators	I-Application
for	O
race	O
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
earliest	O
racing	B-Application
wheels	I-Application
for	O
the	O
PC	O
mass	O
market	O
was	O
the	O
Thrustmaster	B-Device
Formula	O
T1	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
1994	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
had	O
no	O
force	B-Device
feedback	I-Device
,	O
only	O
some	O
form	O
of	O
spring-based	O
centering	O
resistance	O
proportional	O
to	O
the	O
steering	O
angle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
of	O
the	O
earliest	O
FFB	O
wheels	O
for	O
the	O
consumer	O
PC	O
market	O
were	O
the	O
Microsoft	O
Sidewinder	O
Force	B-Device
Feedback	I-Device
Wheel	I-Device
,	O
released	O
in	O
1997	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Logitech	O
Wingman	O
Formula	O
Force	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Racing	B-Application
wheels	I-Application
started	O
off	O
as	O
simple	O
plastic	O
wheels	O
hooked	O
up	O
to	O
a	O
rotary	O
potentiometer	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
sprung	O
by	O
springs	O
or	O
bungees	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
spring-based	O
wheels	O
had	O
a	O
reactive	O
torque	B-General_Concept
that	O
increased	O
proportionally	O
only	O
to	O
the	O
steering	O
angle	O
,	O
without	O
regard	O
for	O
the	O
simulated	O
vehicle	O
dynamics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eventually	O
manufacturers	O
began	O
to	O
use	O
electric	O
motors	O
in	O
the	O
controllers	O
,	O
in	O
place	O
of	O
springs	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
achieve	O
a	O
level	O
of	O
force	B-Device
feedback	I-Device
(	O
sometimes	O
abbreviated	O
)	O
,	O
first	O
seen	O
in	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Sidewinder	O
wheel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
as	O
driving	B-Application
simulations	I-Application
have	O
evolved	O
,	O
their	O
physics	O
engines	O
have	O
become	O
more	O
elaborate	O
,	O
allowing	O
also	O
for	O
linking	O
the	O
force	B-Device
feedback	I-Device
close	O
to	O
the	O
simulated	O
vehicle	O
dynamics	O
of	O
the	O
in-game	O
physics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
fundamental	O
factor	O
for	O
an	O
adequate	O
subjective	O
steering-feel	O
and	O
perception	O
of	O
drivability	O
from	O
a	O
force	B-Device
feedback	I-Device
wheel	I-Device
,	O
is	O
the	O
transfer	O
function	O
from	O
steering	O
torque	B-General_Concept
to	O
steering	O
angle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
a	O
preliminary	O
comparison	O
of	O
gear-driven	O
and	O
direct-drive	B-Application
wheels	I-Application
in	O
the	O
0	O
–	O
30Hz	O
frequency	O
range	O
,	O
for	O
a	O
study	O
on	O
hard	O
real-time	O
multibody	B-Algorithm
simulation	I-Algorithm
and	O
high-fidelity	O
steering	O
wheel	O
force	B-Device
feedback	I-Device
,	O
concluded	O
that	O
direct-drive	B-Application
wheels	I-Application
are	O
preferable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sim	B-Application
racing	I-Application
wheels	O
,	O
like	O
real-world	O
racing	O
steering	O
wheels	O
,	O
can	O
have	O
many	O
buttons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
examples	O
are	O
cruise	O
control	O
or	O
pit-lane	O
limiter	O
for	O
the	O
pit	O
lane	O
,	O
button	O
for	O
flashing	O
lights	O
,	O
windscreen	O
wipers	O
,	O
radio	O
communication	O
with	O
the	O
team	O
,	O
adjustments	O
to	O
the	O
racing	O
setup	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
brake	O
balance	O
,	O
brake	O
migration	O
,	O
differential	O
braking	O
(	O
entry	O
,	O
mid+	O
,	O
exit	O
,	O
hi-speed	O
;	O
to	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
torque	B-General_Concept
effectively	O
at	O
different	O
points	O
in	O
a	O
corner	O
)	O
,	O
traction	O
control	O
(	O
amplitude	O
and	O
sensitivity	O
)	O
,	O
anti-roll	O
bar	O
adjustment	O
(	O
front	O
and	O
rear	O
)	O
,	O
engine	O
program	O
(	O
strat	O
mode/	O
engine	O
mode	O
to	O
get	O
extra	O
power	O
or	O
conserve	O
fuel	O
and	O
engine	O
life	O
)	O
,	O
engine	O
braking	O
(	O
the	O
engine	O
's	O
throttle	O
or	O
absence	O
of	O
throttle	O
when	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
input	O
from	O
the	O
gas	O
pedal	O
,	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
Subsections	O
by	O
motor	O
type	O
:	O
no	O
FFB	O
,	O
gear	O
-	O
or	O
belt-driven	O
,	O
and	O
direct-drive	B-Application
wheels	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Paddles	B-Device
Potentiometer	O
Standing	O
Fanatec	O
Speedster	O
2	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
Manufacturer	O
Product	O
Year	O
Max	O
Rotation	O
(	O
Deg	O
)	O
Clutch	O
Brake	O
Sensor	O
Sensor	O
resolution	O
Pedal	O
Type	O
Fanatec	O
Porsche	O
Clubsport	O
Pedals	O
2008Fanatec	O
CSR	O
Elite	O
Pedals	O
–	O
Review	O
,	O
at	O
virtualr.net,	O
January	O
2	O
,	O
2012	O
Load	O
Cell	O
Standing/Hanging	O
Fanatec	O
ClubSport	O
Pedals	O
2009	O
Load	O
Cell	O
10	O
bit	O
Standing	O
Thomas	O
Super	O
Wheel	O
TSW	O
Load	O
Cell	O
Pedals	O
2010Fanatec	O
CSR	O
Elite	O
Pedal	O
Review	O
,	O
Inside	O
Sim	B-Application
Racing	I-Application
,	O
Mar	O
16	O
,	O
2010	O
Load	O
Cell	O
Standing	O
Fanatec	O
CSR	O
Elite	O
Pedals	O
2011Fanatec	O
CSR	O
Elite	O
Pedal	O
Review	O
,	O
Nov	O
22	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
Inside	O
Sim	B-Application
Racing	I-Application
Load	O
Cell	O
10	O
bit	O
Standing/Hanging	O
Fanatec	O
Clubsport	O
Pedal	O
V2	O
2013Fanatec	O
Clubsport	O
Pedal	O
V2	O
Review	O
by	O
Inside	O
Sim	B-Application
Racing	I-Application
,	O
Apr	O
18	O
,	O
2013	O
Load	O
Cell	O
Standing	O
Derek	O
Speare	O
Designs	O
(	O
DSD	O
)	O
Wilwood	O
Load	O
Cell	O
Pedals	O
2014DSD	O
Wilwood	O
Load	O
Cell	O
Pedal	O
Set	O
–	O
First	O
Look	O
by	O
Inside	O
Sim	B-Application
Racing	I-Application
,	O
Jun	O
15	O
,	O
2014	O
Load	O
Cell	O
Standing	O
Fanatec	O
Clubsport	O
Pedal	O
V3	O
2015Fanatec	O
ClubSport	O
Pedals	O
V3	O
Review	O
,	O
Inside	O
Sim	B-Application
Racing	I-Application
,	O
Dec	O
30	O
,	O
2015	O
Load	O
Cell	O
12	O
bit	O
Standing	O
Fanatec	O
CSL	O
Elite	O
Pedals	O
2016Fanatec	O
CSL	O
Elite	O
Wheel	O
Base	O
and	O
Pedals	O
First	O
Look	O
,	O
Aug	O
28	O
,	O
2016	O
Optional	O
Load	O
Cell	O
upgrade	O
Standing	O
Frex	O
Sim2Pedal	O
Hydraulic	O
w/	O
Load	O
Cell	O
(	O
HydroBrake	O
)	O
Frex	O
Sim3Pedal	O
Hydraulic	O
w/	O
Load	O
Cell	O
(	O
HydroBrake	O
)	O
A1	O
A1	O
Pro	O
Pedals	O
Load	O
Cell	O
CST	O
(	O
Cannon	O
Simulation	O
Technologies	O
)	O
Pedals	O
"	O
Pressure	O
Sensing	O
"	O
Hanging	O
REVZALOT	O
P36	O
Pedals	O
Load	O
Cell	O
Standing	O
Thrustmaster	B-Device
T-LCM	O
2020Thrustmaster	O
T-LCM	O
Pedal	O
Review	O
–	O
Thrustmaster	B-Device
's	O
FIRST	O
Load	O
Cell	O
Pedals	O
!,	O
</s>
