<s>
RSpec	B-Application
is	O
a	O
computer	O
domain-specific	B-Language
language	I-Language
(	O
DSL	O
)	O
(	O
particular	O
application	O
domain	O
)	O
testing	B-Application
tool	I-Application
written	O
in	O
the	O
programming	O
language	O
Ruby	B-Language
to	O
test	O
Ruby	B-Language
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
behavior-driven	O
development	O
(	O
BDD	O
)	O
framework	B-Architecture
which	O
is	O
extensively	O
used	O
in	O
production	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
contains	O
its	O
own	O
that	O
is	O
fully	O
integrated	O
into	O
the	O
framework	B-Architecture
based	O
upon	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
simplicity	O
in	O
the	O
RSpec	B-Application
syntax	O
makes	O
it	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
popular	O
testing	B-Application
tools	I-Application
for	O
Ruby	B-Language
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
RSpec	B-Application
tool	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
installing	O
the	O
rspec	B-Application
gem	B-Application
which	O
consists	O
of	O
three	O
other	O
gems	B-Application
,	O
namely	O
rspec-core	O
,	O
rspec-expectation	O
and	O
rspec-mock	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RSpec	B-Application
was	O
started	O
as	O
an	O
experiment	O
by	O
Steven	O
Baker	O
in	O
2005	O
along	O
with	O
his	O
team	O
members	O
Dave	O
Astels	O
,	O
Aslak	O
Hellesøy	O
and	O
David	O
Chelimsky	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chelimsky	O
was	O
responsible	O
for	O
developing	O
the	O
RSpec-Rails	O
which	O
facilitated	O
the	O
integration	O
with	O
Ruby	B-Language
on	O
Rails	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RSpec	B-Application
1.0	O
came	O
out	O
in	O
May	O
2007	O
which	O
contained	O
many	O
prime	O
features	O
of	O
RSpec	B-Application
which	O
are	O
being	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
latest	O
releases	O
too	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
third	O
version	O
of	O
RSpec	B-Application
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
the	O
RSpec	B-Application
3	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
July	O
2014	O
which	O
had	O
many	O
new	O
features	O
like	O
verify	O
doubles	O
,	O
composable	O
matchers	O
and	O
many	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
mentioned	O
above	O
,	O
RSpec	B-Application
provides	O
a	O
domain-specific	B-Language
language	I-Language
to	O
describe	O
the	O
behavior	O
of	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
keywords	O
used	O
in	O
RSpec	B-Application
are	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
ones	O
used	O
in	O
other	O
languages	O
and/or	O
TDD	O
frameworks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
keywords	O
used	O
in	O
Test::Unit	O
are	O
considered	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
mapped	O
to	O
the	O
RSpec	B-Application
keywords	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
syntax	O
of	O
RSpec	B-Application
provides	O
the	O
ease	O
of	O
readability	O
and	O
describes	O
the	O
behavior	O
of	O
the	O
code	O
thereby	O
providing	O
freedom	O
to	O
the	O
programmer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Every	O
testing	O
framework	B-Architecture
works	O
in	O
the	O
following	O
flow	O
-	O
given	O
some	O
context	O
,	O
when	O
some	O
event	O
occurs	O
,	O
what	O
outcome	O
is	O
expected	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
RSpec	B-Application
method	O
which	O
describes	O
the	O
specifications	O
of	O
the	O
sample	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
RSpec	B-Application
,	O
an	O
expectation	O
is	O
a	O
statement	O
expressing	O
the	O
state	O
that	O
something	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
,	O
at	O
a	O
particular	O
point	O
in	O
the	O
execution	O
of	O
a	O
code	O
example	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RSpec	B-Application
uses	O
a	O
simple	O
framework	B-Architecture
and	O
keywords	O
like	O
should( )	O
and	O
should_not( )	O
to	O
express	O
expectations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
expected	O
outcome	O
of	O
a	O
result	O
is	O
say	O
numeric	O
value	O
5	O
,	O
a	O
RSpec	B-Application
expectation	O
that	O
uses	O
the	O
matcher	O
equal	O
for	O
the	O
same	O
would	O
be	O
written	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
RSpec	B-Application
provides	O
a	O
library	O
called	O
RSpec::Mocks	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
create	O
test	O
doubles	O
that	O
facilitate	O
focusing	O
on	O
roles	O
,	O
,	O
but	O
most	O
of	O
all	O
making	O
progress	O
without	O
implemented	O
dependencies	B-Application
thereby	O
providing	O
isolation	O
from	O
coupling	B-Application
and	O
non	O
determinism	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
many	O
tools	O
that	O
support	O
RSpec	B-Application
such	O
as	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
IDEs	B-Application
such	O
as	O
Aptana	B-General_Concept
and	O
RubyMine	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
RSpec	B-Application
also	O
provides	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
utilities	O
and	O
extension	O
points	O
to	O
support	O
extending	O
RSpec	B-Application
to	O
meet	O
domain-specific	O
needs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Capybara	B-Library
etc	O
.	O
</s>
