<s>
ROSA	B-Operating_System
Linux	I-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
Linux	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
distribution	B-Application
,	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
Russian	O
company	O
'	O
LLC	O
NTC	O
IT	O
ROSA	B-Operating_System
 '	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
three	O
different	O
editions	O
:	O
ROSA	B-Operating_System
Desktop	O
Fresh	O
,	O
ROSA	B-Operating_System
Enterprise	O
Desktop	O
,	O
and	O
ROSA	B-Operating_System
Enterprise	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Server	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
latter	O
two	O
aiming	O
at	O
commercial	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
desktop	B-Device
computer	I-Device
editions	O
come	O
bundled	O
with	O
closed-source	B-Application
software	I-Application
such	O
as	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
,	O
multimedia	B-General_Concept
codecs	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
Steam	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
ROSA	B-Operating_System
Desktop	O
Fresh	O
R12.3	O
,	O
the	O
latest	O
desktop	O
release	O
as	O
of	O
31	O
October	O
2022	O
,	O
is	O
available	O
with	O
four	O
different	O
desktop	O
environments	O
:	O
KDE	B-Language
Plasma	I-Language
5	I-Language
,	O
GNOME	B-Application
,	O
LXQt	B-Language
and	O
Xfce	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
contains	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
software	I-Application
developed	O
in-house	O
by	O
ROSA	B-Operating_System
,	O
such	O
as	O
ROSA	B-Operating_System
Image	O
Writer	O
or	O
ROSA	B-Operating_System
Media	O
Player	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ROSA	B-Operating_System
Linux	I-Operating_System
has	O
been	O
certified	O
by	O
the	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Defence	O
of	O
Russia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ROSA	B-Operating_System
originated	O
as	O
a	O
fork	O
of	O
now	O
defunct	O
French	O
distribution	B-Application
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
and	O
has	O
since	O
then	O
been	O
developed	O
independently	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ROSA	B-Operating_System
company	O
was	O
founded	O
in	O
early	O
2010	O
and	O
released	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
its	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
in	O
December	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
initially	O
targeted	O
enterprise	O
users	O
only	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
late	O
2012	O
,	O
ROSA	B-Operating_System
started	O
its	O
end-user	O
oriented	O
distribution	B-Application
,	O
Desktop	O
Fresh	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
its	O
bankruptcy	O
,	O
Mandriva	O
developed	O
its	O
last	O
releases	O
jointly	O
with	O
ROSA	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mandriva	O
2011	O
was	O
also	O
based	O
on	O
ROSA	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
MagOS	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
,	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
ROSA	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
its	O
main	O
popularity	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
Russian	O
language	O
market	O
,	O
ROSA	B-Operating_System
Desktop	O
also	O
received	O
favorable	O
reviews	O
by	O
several	O
non-Russian	O
online	O
publications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
German	O
technology	O
website	O
Golem.de	O
praised	O
ROSA	B-Operating_System
for	O
its	O
stability	O
and	O
hardware	O
support	O
,	O
while	O
LinuxInsider.com	O
called	O
ROSA	B-Operating_System
"	O
a	O
real	O
Powerhouse	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LinuxBSDos.com	O
reviewed	O
ROSA	B-Operating_System
Desktop	O
Fresh	O
R2	O
with	O
GNOME	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
LinuxBSDos.com	O
also	O
reviewed	O
same	O
version	O
with	O
KDE	B-Application
,	O
and	O
have	O
the	O
review	O
about	O
earlier	O
version	O
Fresh	O
and	O
Marathon	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2012	O
,	O
Dedoimedo	O
wrote	O
review	O
about	O
ROSA	B-Operating_System
Marathon	O
2012	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Dedoimedo	O
also	O
wrote	O
review	O
about	O
ROSA	B-Operating_System
Desktop	O
Fresh	O
R7	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jesse	O
Smith	O
reviewed	O
ROSA	B-Operating_System
Desktop	O
Fresh	O
2012	O
R1	O
for	O
DistroWatch	O
Weekly	O
:	O
</s>
