<s>
This	O
article	O
presents	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
commands	O
used	O
by	O
DOS	B-Device
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
,	O
especially	O
as	O
used	O
on	O
x86-based	O
IBM	O
PC	O
compatibles	O
(	O
PCs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
DOS	B-Device
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
are	O
not	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
scope	O
of	O
this	O
list	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
DOS	B-Device
,	O
many	O
standard	O
system	B-Application
commands	I-Application
were	O
provided	O
for	O
common	O
tasks	O
such	O
as	O
listing	O
files	O
on	O
a	O
disk	O
or	O
moving	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
commands	O
were	O
built	O
into	O
the	O
command	O
interpreter	B-Application
,	O
others	O
existed	O
as	O
external	O
commands	O
on	O
disk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Over	O
the	O
several	O
generations	O
of	O
DOS	B-Device
,	O
commands	O
were	O
added	O
for	O
the	O
additional	O
functions	O
of	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
current	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
a	O
text-mode	O
command	B-Device
prompt	I-Device
window	O
,	O
cmd.exe	B-Device
,	O
can	O
still	O
be	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
interpreter	B-Application
for	O
DOS	B-Device
runs	O
when	O
no	O
application	O
programs	O
are	O
running	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
an	O
application	O
exits	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
transient	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
command	O
interpreter	B-Application
in	O
memory	O
was	O
overwritten	O
,	O
DOS	B-Device
will	O
reload	O
it	O
from	O
disk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
commands	O
are	O
internal	O
—	O
built	O
into	O
COMMAND.COM	B-Operating_System
;	O
others	O
are	O
external	O
commands	O
stored	O
on	O
disk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
user	O
types	O
a	O
line	O
of	O
text	O
at	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
command	B-Device
prompt	I-Device
,	O
COMMAND.COM	B-Operating_System
will	O
parse	B-Language
the	O
line	O
and	O
attempt	O
to	O
match	O
a	O
command	O
name	O
to	O
a	O
built-in	O
command	O
or	O
to	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
an	O
executable	B-Application
program	I-Application
file	O
or	O
batch	O
file	O
on	O
disk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
no	O
match	O
is	O
found	O
,	O
an	O
error	O
message	O
is	O
printed	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
command	B-Device
prompt	I-Device
is	O
refreshed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
utility	O
programs	O
would	O
be	O
stored	O
on	O
disk	O
and	O
loaded	O
just	O
like	O
regular	O
application	O
programs	O
but	O
were	O
distributed	O
with	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Copies	O
of	O
these	O
utility	O
command	O
programs	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
on	O
an	O
accessible	O
disk	O
,	O
either	O
on	O
the	O
current	O
drive	O
or	O
on	O
the	O
command	O
path	B-Application
set	O
in	O
the	O
command	O
interpreter	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
)	O
,	O
are	O
said	O
to	O
accept	O
a	O
filespec	B-Device
(	O
file	O
specification	O
)	O
parameter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
switches	O
,	O
or	O
other	O
parameter	O
strings	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
supplied	O
on	O
the	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spaces	O
and	O
symbols	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
/	O
"	O
or	O
a	O
"	O
-	O
"	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
allow	O
the	O
command	O
processor	O
to	O
parse	B-Language
the	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
into	O
filenames	O
,	O
file	O
specifications	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
options	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
interpreter	B-Application
preserves	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
whatever	O
parameters	O
are	O
passed	O
to	O
commands	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
command	O
names	O
themselves	O
and	O
file	O
names	O
are	O
case-insensitive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
commands	O
are	O
the	O
same	O
across	O
many	O
DOS	B-Device
systems	O
,	O
but	O
some	O
differ	O
in	O
command	O
syntax	O
or	O
name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
partial	O
list	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
commands	O
for	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
and	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
follows	O
below	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sets	O
the	O
path	B-Application
to	O
be	O
searched	O
for	O
data	O
files	O
or	O
displays	O
the	O
current	O
search	B-Application
path	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
APPEND	O
command	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
PATH	B-Application
command	O
that	O
tells	O
DOS	B-Device
where	O
to	O
search	O
for	O
program	O
files	O
(	O
files	O
with	O
a	O
.COM	O
,	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
3.2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
3	O
through	O
5	O
and	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
releases	O
2	O
through	O
5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
defaults	O
to	O
display	O
the	O
attributes	O
of	O
all	O
files	O
in	O
the	O
current	O
directory	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
has	O
the	O
capability	O
to	O
process	O
whole	O
folders	O
and	O
subfolders	B-Application
of	O
files	O
and	O
also	O
process	O
all	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
3	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
are	O
commands	O
to	O
backup	B-Protocol
and	O
restore	B-Application
files	O
from	O
an	O
external	O
disk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
appeared	O
in	O
version	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
continued	O
to	O
PC	B-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
5	O
and	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
6	O
(	O
PC	B-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
7	O
had	O
a	O
deversioned	O
check	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
DOS	B-Device
6	O
,	O
these	O
were	O
replaced	O
by	O
commercial	O
programs	O
(	O
CPBACKUP	O
,	O
MSBACKUP	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
allowed	O
files	O
to	O
be	O
restored	O
to	O
different	O
locations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Implementing	O
BASIC	O
in	O
this	O
way	O
was	O
very	O
common	O
in	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
on	O
8	O
-	O
and	O
16-bit	O
machines	O
made	O
in	O
the	O
1980s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
computers	O
had	O
BASIC	O
1.1	O
in	O
ROM	O
,	O
and	O
IBM	O
's	O
versions	O
of	O
BASIC	O
used	O
code	B-General_Concept
in	O
this	O
ROM-BASIC	O
,	O
which	O
allowed	O
for	O
extra	O
memory	O
in	O
the	O
code	B-General_Concept
area	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BASICA	O
last	O
appeared	O
in	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
5.02	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
OS/2	B-Application
(	O
2.0	O
and	O
later	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
version	O
had	O
ROM-BASIC	O
moved	O
into	O
the	O
program	O
code	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
released	O
GW-BASIC	B-Language
for	O
machines	O
with	O
no	O
ROM-BASIC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
OEM	O
releases	O
had	O
basic.com	O
and	O
basica.com	O
as	O
loaders	O
for	O
GW-BASIC.EXE	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BASIC	O
was	O
dropped	O
after	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
4	O
,	O
and	O
PC	B-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
5.02	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OS/2	B-Application
(	O
which	O
uses	O
PC	B-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
5	O
)	O
,	O
has	O
it	O
,	O
while	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
5	O
does	O
not	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
command	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
instruct	O
DOS	B-Device
to	O
check	O
whether	O
the	O
and	O
keys	O
have	O
been	O
pressed	O
before	O
carrying	O
out	O
a	O
program	O
request	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
3.3	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CHDIR	O
(	O
or	O
the	O
alternative	O
name	O
CD	O
)	O
command	O
either	O
displays	O
or	O
changes	O
the	O
current	O
working	O
directory	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
either	O
displays	O
or	O
changes	O
the	O
active	O
code	B-General_Concept
page	O
used	O
to	O
display	O
character	B-Application
glyphs	I-Application
in	O
a	O
console	B-Application
window	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
3.3	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CHKDSK	O
verifies	O
a	O
storage	O
volume	B-Application
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
,	O
disk	B-Application
partition	I-Application
or	O
floppy	B-Device
disk	I-Device
)	O
for	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
integrity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
has	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
fix	O
errors	O
on	O
a	O
volume	B-Application
and	O
recover	O
information	O
from	O
defective	O
disk	B-Application
sectors	I-Application
of	O
a	O
volume	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
1	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Choice	O
was	O
introduced	O
as	O
an	O
external	O
command	O
with	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
6.0	O
;	O
Novell	B-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
7	O
and	O
PC	B-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
7.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Earlier	O
versions	O
of	O
DR-DOS	B-Application
supported	O
this	O
function	O
with	O
the	O
built-in	O
switch	O
command	O
(	O
for	O
numeric	O
choices	O
)	O
or	O
by	O
beginning	O
a	O
command	O
with	O
a	O
question	O
mark	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CLS	O
or	O
CLRSCR	O
command	O
clears	O
the	O
terminal	B-General_Concept
screen	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Start	O
a	O
new	O
instance	O
of	O
the	O
command	O
interpreter	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
1	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
3.3	O
through	O
5	O
and	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
releases	O
1	O
through	O
5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
1	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Defines	O
the	O
terminal	B-General_Concept
device	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
COM1	O
)	O
to	O
use	O
for	O
input	O
and	O
output	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Displays	O
the	O
system	B-Operating_System
date	I-Operating_System
and	O
prompts	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
enter	O
a	O
new	O
date	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
1	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Not	O
a	O
command	O
:	O
This	O
is	O
a	O
batch	O
file	O
added	O
to	O
DOS	B-Device
6.X	O
Supplemental	O
Disks	O
to	O
help	O
create	O
DoubleSpace	O
boot	O
floppies	B-Device
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
disk	B-General_Concept
compression	I-General_Concept
utility	O
supplied	O
with	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
version	O
6.0	O
(	O
released	O
in	O
1993	O
)	O
and	O
version	O
6.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
has	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
file	O
fragmentation	O
on	O
a	O
disk	O
drive	O
or	O
to	O
defragment	B-Application
a	O
drive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
command	O
is	O
called	O
DEFRAG	B-Application
in	O
MS-DOS/PC	O
DOS	O
and	O
diskopt	O
in	O
DR-DOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
6	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
1	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Deletes	O
a	O
directory	B-Application
along	O
with	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
files	O
and	O
subdirectories	B-Application
that	O
it	O
contains	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
RD	O
(	O
RMDIR	O
)	O
command	O
can	O
not	O
delete	O
a	O
directory	B-Application
if	O
the	O
directory	B-Application
is	O
not	O
empty	O
(	O
except	O
in	O
Windows	O
NT	O
&	O
10	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
DELTREE	O
command	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
delete	O
the	O
whole	O
directory	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
deltree	O
command	O
is	O
included	O
in	O
certain	O
versions	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
and	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
specifically	O
available	O
only	O
in	O
versions	O
of	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
6.0	O
and	O
higher	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
9x	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DIR	O
command	O
displays	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
a	O
directory	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
contents	O
comprise	O
the	O
disk	O
's	O
volume	B-Application
label	O
and	O
serial	O
number	O
;	O
one	O
directory	B-Application
or	O
filename	O
per	O
line	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
filename	O
extension	O
,	O
the	O
file	O
size	O
in	O
bytes	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
date	O
and	O
time	O
the	O
file	O
was	O
last	O
modified	O
;	O
and	O
the	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
files	O
listed	O
,	O
their	O
cumulative	O
size	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
free	O
space	O
(	O
in	O
bytes	O
)	O
remaining	O
on	O
the	O
disk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
few	O
commands	O
that	O
exist	O
from	O
the	O
first	O
versions	O
of	O
DOS	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
can	O
display	O
files	O
in	O
subdirectories	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
resulting	O
directory	B-Application
listing	O
can	O
be	O
sorted	O
by	O
various	O
criteria	O
and	O
filenames	O
can	O
be	O
displayed	O
in	O
a	O
chosen	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
command	O
for	O
comparing	O
the	O
complete	O
contents	O
of	O
a	O
floppy	B-Device
disk	I-Device
to	O
another	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
3.2	O
and	O
later	O
and	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
releases	O
1	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
command	O
for	O
copying	O
the	O
complete	O
contents	O
of	O
a	O
diskette	B-Device
to	O
another	O
diskette	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
command	O
that	O
adds	O
command	B-Application
history	I-Application
,	O
macro	O
functionality	O
,	O
and	O
improved	O
editing	O
features	O
to	O
the	O
command-line	B-Application
interpreter	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
5	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Displays	O
how	O
much	O
memory	O
various	O
DOS	B-Device
components	O
occupy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
disk	B-General_Concept
compression	I-General_Concept
utility	O
supplied	O
with	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
version	O
6.22	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ECHO	O
command	O
prints	O
its	O
own	O
arguments	O
back	O
out	O
to	O
the	O
DOS	B-Device
equivalent	O
of	O
the	O
standard	B-Operating_System
output	I-Operating_System
stream	I-Operating_System
.	I-Operating_System
</s>
<s>
This	O
says	O
to	O
the	O
interpreter	B-Application
that	O
echoing	O
of	O
commands	O
should	O
be	O
off	O
during	O
the	O
whole	O
execution	O
of	O
the	O
batch	O
file	O
,	O
thus	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
"	O
tidier	O
"	O
output	O
(	O
the	O
@	O
symbol	O
declares	O
that	O
this	O
particular	O
command	O
(	O
echo	O
off	O
)	O
should	O
also	O
be	O
executed	O
without	O
echo	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EDIT	O
is	O
a	O
full-screen	O
text	B-Application
editor	I-Application
,	O
included	O
with	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
5	O
and	O
6	O
,	O
OS/2	B-Application
and	O
Windows	O
NT	O
to	O
4.0	O
The	O
corresponding	O
program	O
in	O
Windows	B-Application
95	I-Application
and	O
later	O
,	O
and	O
Windows	O
2000	O
and	O
later	O
is	O
Edit	O
v2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PC	B-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
6	O
and	O
later	O
use	O
the	O
DOS	B-Device
E	B-Application
Editor	O
and	O
DR-DOS	B-Application
used	O
editor	O
up	O
to	O
version	O
7	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DOS	B-Device
line-editor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
absence	O
of	O
a	O
console	O
editor	O
in	O
MS-DOS/PC	O
DOS	O
1	O
–	O
4	O
created	O
an	O
after-market	O
for	O
third-party	O
editors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
DOS	B-Device
5	O
,	O
an	O
extra	O
command	O
"	O
?	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
DOS	B-Device
6	O
was	O
the	O
last	O
version	O
to	O
contain	O
EDLIN	O
;	O
for	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
6	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
on	O
the	O
supplemental	O
disks	O
,	O
while	O
PC	B-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
6	O
had	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
base	O
install	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	O
NT	O
32-bit	O
,	O
and	O
OS/2	B-Application
have	O
Edlin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
EMM386	B-Device
command	O
enables	O
or	O
disables	O
EMM386	B-Device
expanded-memory	O
support	O
on	O
a	O
computer	O
with	O
an	O
80386	B-General_Concept
or	O
higher	O
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
5	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Converts	O
an	O
executable	B-Application
(	O
.exe	O
)	O
file	O
into	O
a	O
binary	O
file	O
with	O
the	O
extension	O
.com	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
memory	O
image	O
of	O
the	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
resident	O
code	B-General_Concept
and	O
data	B-General_Concept
sections	I-General_Concept
combined	O
in	O
the	O
input	O
.exe	O
file	O
must	O
be	O
less	O
than	O
64	O
KB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
file	O
must	O
also	O
have	O
no	O
stack	B-General_Concept
segment	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
1	O
through	O
5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
exit	O
is	O
used	O
at	O
the	O
primary	O
command	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
no	O
effect	O
unless	O
in	O
a	O
DOS	B-Device
window	O
under	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
in	O
which	O
case	O
the	O
window	O
is	O
closed	O
and	O
the	O
user	O
returns	O
to	O
the	O
desktop	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
dates	O
back	O
to	O
1990	O
and	O
was	O
supplied	O
on	O
floppy	B-Device
disc	I-Device
for	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
5	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FAKEMOUS	O
is	O
an	O
IBM	O
PS/2	O
mouse	O
utility	O
used	O
with	O
AccessDOS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
included	O
on	O
the	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
6	O
Supplemental	O
Disk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Provides	O
information	O
for	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
commands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
command	O
that	O
provides	O
accelerated	O
access	O
to	O
frequently-used	O
files	B-Application
and	I-Application
directories	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
3.3	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
–	O
primarily	O
non-IBM	O
releases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FDISK	O
command	O
manipulates	O
hard	B-Application
disk	I-Application
partition	I-Application
tables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
derives	O
from	O
IBM	O
's	O
habit	O
of	O
calling	O
hard	B-Device
drives	I-Device
fixed	B-Device
disks	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
FDISK	O
has	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
display	O
information	O
about	O
,	O
create	O
,	O
and	O
delete	O
DOS	B-Device
partitions	B-Application
or	O
logical	B-Application
DOS	I-Application
drive	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
also	O
install	O
a	O
standard	O
master	B-Device
boot	I-Device
record	I-Device
on	O
the	O
hard	B-Device
drive	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
3.2	O
and	O
later	O
and	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
2.0	O
releases	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FIND	O
command	O
is	O
a	O
filter	B-Application
to	O
find	O
lines	O
in	O
the	O
input	O
data	B-General_Concept
stream	I-General_Concept
that	O
contain	O
or	O
do	O
n't	O
contain	O
a	O
specified	O
string	O
and	O
send	O
these	O
to	O
the	O
output	O
data	B-General_Concept
stream	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
pipe	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
would	O
find	O
all	O
TXT	B-General_Concept
files	I-General_Concept
with	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
above-listed	O
words	O
YES	O
,	O
NO	O
,	O
MAYBE	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FOR	O
loop	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
parse	B-Language
a	O
file	O
or	O
the	O
output	O
of	O
a	O
command	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Deletes	O
the	O
FAT	B-Application
entries	O
and	O
the	O
root	B-Application
directory	I-Application
of	O
the	O
drive/partition	O
,	O
and	O
reformats	O
it	O
for	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
most	O
cases	O
,	O
this	O
should	O
only	O
be	O
used	O
on	O
floppy	B-Device
drives	I-Device
or	O
other	O
removable	B-Device
media	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
1	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
3	O
through	O
5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
3.2	O
and	O
later	O
and	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
releases	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gives	O
help	O
about	O
DOS	B-Device
commands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
5	O
thru	O
Windows	O
XP	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Full-screen	O
command	O
help	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
6	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
evaluates	O
the	O
specified	O
condition	O
,	O
and	O
only	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
true	O
,	O
then	O
it	O
executes	O
the	O
remainder	O
of	O
the	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Otherwise	O
,	O
it	O
skips	O
the	O
remainder	O
of	O
the	O
line	O
and	O
continues	O
with	O
next	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
;	O
filelink	O
in	O
DR-DOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Network	O
PCs	O
using	O
a	O
null	O
modem	O
cable	O
or	O
LapLink	B-Protocol
cable	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
DR-DOS	B-Application
'	O
filelink	O
is	O
executed	O
on	O
both	O
the	O
client	O
and	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
in	O
PC	B-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
5.02	O
,	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
6.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
JOIN	O
command	O
attaches	O
a	O
drive	O
letter	O
to	O
a	O
specified	O
directory	B-Application
on	O
another	O
drive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
3	O
through	O
5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
3.3	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
DOS	B-Device
3.0	O
through	O
3.21	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
instead	O
per-country	O
commands	O
,	O
namely	O
KEYBFR	O
,	O
KEYBGR	O
,	O
KEYBIT	O
,	O
KEYBSP	O
and	O
KEYBUK	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Changes	O
the	O
label	O
on	O
a	O
logical	B-Application
drive	I-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
hard	B-Application
disk	I-Application
partition	I-Application
or	O
a	O
floppy	B-Device
disk	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
3.1	O
and	O
later	O
and	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
releases	O
3	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
5	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
included	O
only	O
in	O
MS-DOS/PC	O
DOS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DR-DOS	B-Application
used	O
memmax	O
,	O
which	O
opened	O
or	O
closed	O
lower	O
,	O
upper	O
,	O
and	O
video	O
memory	O
access	O
,	O
to	O
block	O
the	O
lower	O
64K	O
of	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
command	O
that	O
loads	O
a	O
program	O
into	O
the	O
upper	B-Device
memory	I-Device
area	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
5	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
called	O
hiload	O
in	O
DR-DOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Makes	O
a	O
new	O
directory	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
parent	O
of	O
the	O
directory	B-Application
specified	O
will	O
be	O
created	O
if	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
already	O
exist	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
4	O
and	O
later	O
and	O
DR	B-Application
DOS	I-Application
releases	O
5.0	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
earlier	O
DOS	B-Device
versions	O
the	O
memory	O
usage	O
could	O
be	O
shown	O
by	O
running	O
CHKDSK	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
DR	B-Application
DOS	I-Application
the	O
parameter	O
/A	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
only	O
show	O
the	O
memory	O
usage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
version	O
6	O
,	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
included	O
the	O
external	O
program	O
MemMaker	O
which	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
free	O
system	O
memory	O
(	O
especially	O
Conventional	B-Device
memory	I-Device
)	O
by	O
automatically	O
reconfiguring	O
the	O
AUTOEXEC.BAT	O
and	O
CONFIG.SYS	B-Device
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
usually	O
done	O
by	O
moving	O
TSR	O
programs	O
and	O
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
to	O
the	O
upper	B-Device
memory	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
the	O
first	O
restart	O
the	O
user	O
was	O
asked	O
whether	O
to	O
enable	O
EMS	B-Device
Memory	I-Device
,	O
since	O
use	O
of	O
expanded	B-Device
memory	I-Device
required	O
a	O
reserved	O
64KiB	O
region	O
in	O
upper	B-Device
memory	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
MemMaker	O
would	O
then	O
calculate	O
the	O
optimal	O
Driver	O
and	O
TSR	O
placement	O
in	O
upper	B-Device
memory	I-Device
and	O
modify	O
the	O
AUTOEXEC.BAT	O
and	O
CONFIG.SYS	B-Device
accordingly	O
,	O
and	O
reboot	O
the	O
second	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MEMMAKER.EXE	O
and	O
SIZER.EXE	O
were	O
developed	O
for	O
Microsoft	O
by	O
Helix	O
Software	O
Company	O
and	O
were	O
eliminated	O
starting	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
7	I-Application
(	O
Windows	B-Application
95	I-Application
)	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
they	O
could	O
be	O
obtained	O
from	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
FTP	O
server	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
OLDDOS.EXE	O
package	O
,	O
alongside	O
other	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PC	B-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
uses	O
another	O
program	O
called	O
RamBoost	O
to	O
optimize	O
memory	O
,	O
working	O
either	O
with	O
PC	B-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
's	O
HIMEM/EMM386	O
or	O
a	O
third-party	O
memory	O
manager	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
version	O
5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Changes	O
graphics	O
modes	O
,	O
adjusts	O
keyboard	O
settings	O
,	O
prepares	O
code	B-General_Concept
pages	O
,	O
and	O
sets	O
up	O
port	O
redirection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
3.2	O
and	O
later	O
and	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
releases	O
1	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
filter	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moves	O
files	O
or	O
renames	O
directories	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
6	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DR-DOS	B-Application
used	O
a	O
separate	O
command	O
for	O
renaming	O
directories	B-Application
,	O
rendir	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
6	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MSBACKUP	O
command	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
backup	B-Protocol
or	O
restore	B-Application
one	O
or	O
more	O
files	O
from	O
one	O
disk	O
to	O
another	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
New	O
York	O
Times	O
said	O
that	O
MSBACKUP	O
"	O
is	O
much	O
better	O
and	O
faster	O
than	O
the	O
old	O
BACKUP	B-Protocol
command	O
used	O
in	O
earlier	O
versions	O
of	O
DOS	B-Device
,	O
but	O
it	O
does	O
lack	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
advanced	O
features	O
found	O
in	O
backup	B-Protocol
software	O
packages	O
that	O
are	O
sold	O
separately	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
another	O
offering	O
,	O
named	O
MWBACKUP	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
GUI-oriented	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MSBACKUP	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
6	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MSCDEX	O
is	O
a	O
driver	O
executable	B-Application
which	O
allows	O
DOS	B-Device
programs	O
to	O
recognize	O
,	O
read	O
,	O
and	O
control	O
CD-ROMs	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
6	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MSD	O
was	O
new	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
6	O
;	O
the	O
PC	B-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
version	O
of	O
this	O
command	O
is	O
QCONFIG	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
later	O
versions	O
of	O
DR-DOS	B-Application
6	O
,	O
NLSFUNC	O
relocated	O
itself	O
into	O
the	O
HiMem	O
area	O
,	O
thereby	O
freeing	O
a	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
nearly	O
invaluable	O
lower	O
640KiB	O
that	O
constituted	O
the	O
”	O
conventional	O
”	O
memory	O
available	O
to	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
3.3	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Displays	O
or	O
sets	O
a	O
search	B-Application
path	I-Application
for	O
executable	B-Application
files	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
1	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
not	O
included	O
in	O
many	O
DOS	B-Device
versions	O
;	O
typically	O
ones	O
with	O
network	O
stacks	O
will	O
have	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
diagnostic	O
tool	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
6	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PRINT	O
command	O
adds	O
or	O
removes	O
files	O
in	O
the	O
print	B-General_Concept
queue	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
command	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
version	O
2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
default	O
prompt	O
is	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
)	O
,	O
which	O
displays	O
the	O
drive	O
and	O
current	O
path	B-Application
as	O
the	O
prompt	O
,	O
but	O
can	O
be	O
changed	O
to	O
anything	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
displays	O
the	O
current	O
system	B-Operating_System
date	I-Operating_System
as	O
the	O
prompt	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Type	O
in	O
the	O
cmd	B-Device
screen	O
for	O
help	O
on	O
this	O
function	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
and	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
releases	O
2.1	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
utility	O
inspired	O
by	O
the	O
UNIX/XENIX	O
ps	B-Application
command	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
provides	O
a	O
full-screen	O
mode	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
top	B-Device
utility	O
on	O
UNIX	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
integrated	B-Application
development	I-Application
environment	I-Application
and	O
BASIC	O
interpreter	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
5	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Remove	O
a	O
directory	B-Application
(	O
delete	O
a	O
directory	B-Application
)	O
;	O
by	O
default	O
the	O
directories	B-Application
must	O
be	O
empty	O
of	O
files	O
for	O
the	O
command	O
to	O
succeed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
deltree	O
command	O
in	O
some	O
versions	O
of	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
and	O
all	O
versions	O
of	O
Windows	O
9x	O
removes	O
non-empty	O
directories	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
primitive	O
filesystem	B-Application
error	O
recovery	O
utility	O
included	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
/	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
2	O
through	O
5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Remark	O
(	O
comment	O
)	O
command	O
,	O
normally	O
used	O
within	O
a	O
batch	O
file	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
DR-DOS	B-Application
,	O
PC/MS	O
-DOS	O
6	O
and	O
above	O
,	O
in	O
CONFIG.SYS	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
the	O
move	O
command	O
,	O
this	O
command	O
cannot	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
rename	O
subdirectories	B-Application
,	O
or	O
rename	O
files	O
across	O
drives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
1	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
command	O
that	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
replace	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
existing	O
computer	B-Operating_System
files	I-Operating_System
or	O
add	O
new	O
files	O
to	O
a	O
target	O
directory	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
3.2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scandisk	O
was	O
a	O
replacement	O
for	O
the	O
chkdsk	O
utility	O
,	O
starting	O
with	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
version	O
6.2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
provided	O
mouse	O
point-and-click	O
TUI	B-Application
,	O
allowing	O
for	O
interactive	O
session	O
to	O
complement	O
command-line	B-Application
batch	O
run	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
chkdsk	O
had	O
surface	O
scan	O
and	O
bad	O
cluster	O
detection	O
functionality	O
included	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
used	O
again	O
on	O
Windows	O
NT-based	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
initially	O
only	O
available	O
with	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
version	O
included	O
with	O
PC	B-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
3.0	O
and	O
3.1	O
is	O
hard-coded	O
to	O
transfer	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
from	O
A	O
:	O
to	O
B	O
:	O
,	O
while	O
from	O
PC	B-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
3.2	O
onward	O
you	O
can	O
specify	O
the	O
source	O
and	O
destination	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
install	O
DOS	B-Device
to	O
the	O
harddisk	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
version	O
included	O
with	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
4	O
and	O
PC	B-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
4	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
a	O
simple	O
command-line	B-Application
utility	O
,	O
but	O
a	O
full-fledged	O
installer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
3.3	O
and	O
4	O
and	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
releases	O
3	O
through	O
4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
command	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
included	O
in	O
DOS	B-Device
Version	O
5	O
and	O
later	O
,	O
where	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
replaced	O
by	O
SETUP	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
cmd.exe	B-Device
in	O
Windows	O
NT	O
2000	O
,	O
4DOS	O
,	O
4OS2	O
,	O
4NT	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
third-party	O
solutions	O
allow	O
direct	O
entry	O
of	O
environment	O
variables	O
from	O
the	O
command	B-Device
prompt	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
5	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
later	O
,	O
it	O
runs	O
the	O
computer	O
setup	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Windows	B-Application
95	I-Application
setup	O
and	O
Windows	O
98	O
setup	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SetVer	O
is	O
a	O
TSR	O
program	O
designed	O
to	O
return	O
a	O
different	O
value	O
to	O
the	O
version	O
of	O
DOS	B-Device
that	O
is	O
running	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
programs	O
that	O
look	O
for	O
a	O
specific	O
version	O
of	O
DOS	B-Device
to	O
run	O
under	O
a	O
different	O
DOS	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
5	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
3	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
replaces	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
replacement	O
parameters	O
with	O
the	O
subsequent	O
one	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
external	O
command	O
SIZER.EXE	O
is	O
not	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
started	O
directly	O
from	O
the	O
command	B-Device
prompt	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
6	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
filter	B-Application
to	O
sort	B-Application
lines	O
in	O
the	O
input	O
data	B-General_Concept
stream	I-General_Concept
and	O
send	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
output	O
data	B-General_Concept
stream	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similar	O
to	O
the	O
Unix	O
command	O
sort	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
sort	B-Application
is	O
always	O
case	O
insensitive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
utility	O
to	O
map	O
a	O
subdirectory	B-Application
to	O
a	O
drive	O
letter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
3.1	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
utility	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
volume	B-Application
bootable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sys	O
rewrites	O
the	O
Volume	B-Application
Boot	O
Code	B-General_Concept
(	O
the	O
first	O
sector	O
of	O
the	O
partition	B-Application
that	O
SYS	O
is	O
acting	O
on	O
)	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
code	B-General_Concept
,	O
when	O
executed	O
,	O
will	O
look	O
for	O
IO.SYS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SYS	O
also	O
copies	O
the	O
core	O
DOS	B-Device
system	O
files	O
,	O
IO.SYS	O
,	O
MSDOS.SYS	O
,	O
and	O
COMMAND.COM	B-Operating_System
,	O
to	O
the	O
volume	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
SYS	O
does	O
not	O
rewrite	O
the	O
Master	B-Device
Boot	I-Device
Record	I-Device
,	O
contrary	O
to	O
widely	O
held	O
belief	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
1	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Display	O
the	O
system	B-Operating_System
time	I-Operating_System
and	O
waits	O
for	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
enter	O
a	O
new	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
1	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Enables	O
a	O
user	O
to	O
change	O
the	O
title	O
of	O
their	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
window	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
an	O
external	O
command	O
,	O
graphically	O
displays	O
the	O
path	B-Application
of	O
each	O
directory	B-Application
and	O
sub-directories	O
on	O
the	O
specified	O
drive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
3.2	O
and	O
later	O
and	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
releases	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internal	O
command	O
that	O
expands	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
a	O
file	O
,	O
directory	B-Application
,	O
or	O
drive	O
,	O
and	O
display	O
its	O
absolute	O
pathname	B-Application
as	O
the	O
result	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
will	O
expand	O
relative	O
pathnames	B-Application
,	O
SUBST	O
drives	O
,	O
and	O
JOIN	O
directories	B-Application
,	O
to	O
find	O
the	O
actual	O
directory	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
argument	O
does	O
not	O
need	O
to	O
refer	O
to	O
an	O
existing	O
file	O
or	O
directory	B-Application
:	O
TRUENAME	O
will	O
output	O
the	O
absolute	O
pathname	B-Application
as	O
if	O
it	O
did	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
TRUENAME	O
does	O
not	O
search	O
in	O
the	O
PATH	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
in	O
DOS	B-Device
5	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
current	O
directory	B-Application
is	O
C:\TEMP,	O
then	O
TRUENAME	O
command.com	B-Operating_System
will	O
display	O
C:\TEMP\COMMAND.COM	O
(	O
which	O
does	O
not	O
exist	O
)	O
,	O
not	O
C:\DOS\COMMAND.COM	O
(	O
which	O
does	O
and	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
PATH	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
command	O
displays	O
the	O
UNC	O
pathnames	B-Application
of	O
mapped	O
network	O
or	O
local	O
CD	O
drives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
command	O
is	O
an	O
undocumented	O
DOS	B-Device
command	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
version	O
5.00	O
and	O
later	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
DOS	B-Device
7	O
and	O
8	O
in	O
Windows	O
95/98/ME	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
NT	O
command	O
processors	O
do	O
not	O
support	O
this	O
command	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
versions	O
of	O
command.com	B-Operating_System
for	O
NT	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
more	O
command	O
is	O
frequently	O
used	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
this	O
command	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
1	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Restores	B-Application
file	O
previously	O
deleted	O
with	O
del	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
default	O
all	O
recoverable	O
files	O
in	O
the	O
working	O
directory	B-Application
are	O
restored	O
;	O
options	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
change	O
this	O
behavior	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
mirror	O
TSR	O
program	O
is	O
used	O
,	O
then	O
deletion	O
tracking	O
files	O
are	O
created	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
undelete	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
5	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MS-DOS	B-Application
version	O
5	O
introduced	O
the	O
quick	O
format	O
option	O
(	O
Format	O
/Q	O
)	O
which	O
removes	O
the	O
disk	O
's	O
file	O
table	O
without	O
deleting	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
internal	O
DOS	B-Device
command	O
,	O
that	O
reports	O
the	O
DOS	B-Device
version	O
presently	O
running	O
,	O
and	O
since	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
5	O
,	O
whether	O
DOS	B-Device
is	O
loaded	O
high	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
internal	O
command	O
that	O
displays	O
the	O
disk	B-Application
volume	I-Application
label	O
and	O
serial	O
number	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
6	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Copy	O
entire	O
directory	B-Application
trees	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Xcopy	O
is	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
copy	O
command	O
that	O
can	O
move	O
files	B-Application
and	I-Application
directories	I-Application
from	O
one	O
location	O
to	O
another	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XCOPY	O
usage	O
and	O
attributes	O
can	O
be	O
obtained	O
by	O
typing	O
in	O
the	O
DOS	B-Device
Command	B-Application
line	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
3.2	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
