<s>
REDMAP	B-Application
(	O
short	O
for	O
Redistricting	B-Application
Majority	I-Application
Project	I-Application
)	O
is	O
a	O
project	O
of	O
the	O
Republican	O
State	O
Leadership	O
Committee	O
of	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
to	O
increase	O
Republican	O
control	O
of	O
congressional	O
seats	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
state	O
legislatures	O
,	O
largely	O
through	O
determination	O
of	O
electoral	O
district	O
boundaries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
has	O
made	O
effective	O
use	O
of	O
partisan	O
gerrymandering	O
,	O
by	O
relying	O
on	O
previously	O
unavailable	O
mapping	O
software	O
such	O
as	O
Maptitude	B-Application
to	O
improve	O
the	O
precision	O
with	O
which	O
district	O
lines	O
are	O
strategically	O
drawn	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
strategy	O
was	O
focused	O
on	O
swing	O
blue	O
states	O
like	O
Pennsylvania	O
,	O
Ohio	O
,	O
Michigan	B-Device
,	O
North	O
Carolina	O
,	O
and	O
Wisconsin	O
where	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
Democratic	O
majority	O
but	O
which	O
they	O
could	O
swing	O
towards	O
Republican	O
with	O
appropriate	O
redistricting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Democrats	O
were	O
unpopular	O
with	O
voters	O
at	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
allowing	O
Republicans	O
to	O
implement	O
a	O
political	O
effort	O
called	O
REDMAP	B-Application
that	O
enabled	O
them	O
to	O
redraw	O
favorable	O
maps	O
with	O
the	O
2010	O
Census	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
REDMAP	B-Application
targeted	O
107	O
local	O
state	O
legislative	O
races	O
in	O
16	O
states	O
,	O
including	O
swing	O
states	O
like	O
Wisconsin	O
,	O
Michigan	B-Device
,	O
Ohio	O
,	O
Pennsylvania	O
,	O
and	O
Florida	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
intention	O
of	O
flipping	O
Democratic-majority	O
state	O
legislatures	O
and	O
Democrat-held	O
state	O
governorships	O
for	O
the	O
express	O
purpose	O
of	O
controlling	O
redistricting	O
,	O
REDMAP	B-Application
funded	O
negative	O
ads	O
in	O
lower-profile	O
state	O
legislative	O
races	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
then	O
used	O
sophisticated	O
software	O
such	O
as	O
Maptitude	B-Application
for	I-Application
Redistricting	I-Application
,	O
the	O
software	O
used	O
by	O
most	O
entities	O
,	O
independent	O
commissions	O
,	O
and	O
political	O
parties	O
involved	O
in	O
redistricting	O
,	O
to	O
devise	O
districts	O
favorable	O
to	O
the	O
Republican	O
party	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
by	O
clustering	O
Democratic	O
voters	O
into	O
a	O
handful	O
of	O
districts	O
and	O
ensuring	O
the	O
rest	O
were	O
drawn	O
to	O
include	O
Republican	O
majorities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
effects	O
of	O
REDMAP	B-Application
first	O
came	O
about	O
in	O
the	O
2012	O
United	O
States	O
House	O
of	O
Representatives	O
elections	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
Republicans	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
secure	O
several	O
districts	O
and	O
retain	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
House	O
of	O
Representatives	O
by	O
a	O
33-seat	O
margin	O
despite	O
Democratic	O
candidates	O
collectively	O
receiving	O
over	O
1	O
million	O
more	O
votes	O
than	O
Republican	O
candidates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
REDMAP	B-Application
has	O
been	O
criticized	O
for	O
its	O
efforts	O
to	O
gerrymander	O
districts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
REDMAP	B-Application
has	O
also	O
been	O
criticized	O
for	O
targeting	O
people	O
of	O
color	O
,	O
particularly	O
African	O
Americans	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
David	O
Daley	O
,	O
author	O
of	O
the	O
2016	O
book	O
Ratf**ked	O
:	O
Why	O
Your	O
Vote	O
Does	O
n't	O
Count	O
,	O
stated	O
that	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
REDMAP	B-Application
constituted	O
a	O
"	O
wholesale	O
political	O
resegregation	O
along	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
Mason-Dixon	O
line	O
"	O
and	O
that	O
redistricting	O
by	O
Republican	O
legislatures	O
redrew	O
maps	O
to	O
"	O
pack	O
as	O
many	O
Black	O
and	O
Democratic	O
voters	O
into	O
as	O
few	O
districts	O
as	O
possible	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
