<s>
RAMIS	B-Language
(	O
"	O
Random	O
Access	O
Management	O
Information	O
System	O
"	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
fourth-generation	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
(	O
4GL	B-Language
)	O
capable	O
of	O
creating	O
and	O
maintaining	O
databases	O
consisting	O
of	O
named	O
files	O
containing	O
both	O
numeric	O
and	O
alphabetic	O
fields	O
and	O
subsequently	O
producing	O
detailed	O
simple	O
or	O
complex	O
reports	O
using	O
a	O
very	O
simple	O
English	O
like	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
end	O
users	O
could	O
be	O
trained	O
to	O
use	O
RAMIS	B-Language
in	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
days	O
and	O
so	O
large	O
companies	O
would	O
often	O
have	O
several	O
hundred	O
such	O
users	O
scattered	O
throughout	O
the	O
company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RAMIS	B-Language
was	O
initially	O
developed	O
in	O
the	O
mid	O
1960s	O
by	O
the	O
company	O
Mathematica	O
on	O
a	O
consulting	O
contract	O
for	O
a	O
marketing	O
study	O
by	O
a	O
team	O
headed	O
by	O
Gerald	O
Cohen	O
and	O
subsequently	O
further	O
developed	O
and	O
marketed	O
as	O
a	O
general	O
purpose	O
data	O
management	O
and	O
analysis	O
tool	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shortly	O
thereafter	O
his	O
new	O
company	O
released	O
a	O
new	O
product	O
called	O
FOCUS	O
which	O
was	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
RAMIS	B-Language
:	O
"	O
the	O
same	O
bugs	O
and	O
the	O
same	O
misspelled	O
error	O
messages.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
National	O
CSS	O
(	O
NCSS	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
Time-sharing	B-General_Concept
vendor	O
,	O
licensed	O
rights	O
to	O
make	O
RAMIS	B-Language
available	O
on	O
its	O
VP/CSS	B-Application
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
this	O
time	O
RAMIS	B-Language
had	O
double	O
digits	O
of	O
client	O
companies	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
US	O
and	O
a	O
European	O
division	O
headquartered	O
in	O
London	O
and	O
so	O
Mathematica	O
decided	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
new	O
division	O
called	O
Mathematica	O
Products	O
Group	O
and	O
rename	O
the	O
product	O
RAMIS	B-Language
II	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
decided	O
to	O
recall	O
Frank	O
Fish	O
-	O
originally	O
a	O
Mathematica	O
consultant	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
assigned	O
to	O
lead	O
a	O
European	O
consulting	O
team	O
and	O
had	O
subsequently	O
formed	O
the	O
European	O
RAMIS	B-Language
group	O
-	O
to	O
head	O
up	O
the	O
RAMIS	B-Language
II	O
design	O
team	O
and	O
International	O
Sales	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sales	O
of	O
both	O
RAMIS	B-Language
II	O
and	O
FOCUS	O
continued	O
to	O
grow	O
through	O
the	O
1980s	O
throughout	O
the	O
western	O
world	O
with	O
RAMIS	B-Language
II	O
generally	O
outselling	O
FOCUS	O
on	O
mainframes	O
though	O
no	O
detailed	O
figures	O
are	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RAMIS	B-Language
II	O
was	O
eventually	O
installed	O
in	O
some	O
40	O
countries	O
worldwide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mathematica	O
itself	O
eventually	O
grew	O
to	O
more	O
than	O
500	O
staff	O
with	O
roughly	O
200	O
involved	O
with	O
RAMIS	B-Language
II	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RAMIS	B-Language
II	O
continued	O
to	O
grow	O
for	O
another	O
4	O
years	O
until	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
top	O
people	O
in	O
RAMIS	B-Language
II	O
design	O
and	O
sales	O
quit	O
in	O
reaction	O
to	O
policy	O
changes	O
imposed	O
by	O
Lockheed	O
Martin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Roughly	O
2	O
years	O
later	O
Lockheed	O
Martin	O
sold	O
the	O
RAMIS	B-Language
II	O
group	O
to	O
another	O
software	O
firm	O
whose	O
background	O
and	O
culture	O
was	O
so	O
different	O
from	O
Mathematica	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
unable	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
success	O
of	O
the	O
product	O
and	O
they	O
in	O
turn	O
sold	O
the	O
product	O
to	O
another	O
company	O
for	O
its	O
maintenance	O
revenue	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
allows	O
you	O
to	O
use	O
English-like	O
commands	O
to	O
prepare	O
reports	O
and	O
graphs	O
from	O
your	O
RAMIS	B-Language
files.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
a	O
fourth-generation	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
capable	O
of	O
generating	O
reports	O
using	O
simple	O
language	O
and	O
many	O
fewer	O
lines	O
of	O
code	O
than	O
previous	O
third-generation	O
programing	O
languages	O
such	O
as	O
COBOL.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
the	O
initial	O
timesharing/mainframe	O
product	O
was	O
positively	O
accepted	O
,	O
the	O
initial	O
PC	O
version	O
did	O
n't	O
get	O
the	O
same	O
reception	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Ramis	B-Language
is	O
a	O
compromise	O
4GL	B-Language
relational	O
database	O
management	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
In	O
Short	O
:	O
Ramis	B-Language
is	O
an	O
easy-to-use	O
,	O
pop-up	O
menu	O
database	O
query	O
and	O
reporting	O
tool	O
for	O
end	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
