<s>
The	O
R4	B-Device
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Revolution	B-Device
for	I-Device
DS	I-Device
)	O
is	O
a	O
flash	B-Device
cartridge	I-Device
for	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Device
DS	I-Device
handheld	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
allows	O
ROMs	B-General_Concept
and	O
homebrew	B-Application
to	O
be	O
booted	O
on	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Device
DS	I-Device
handheld	O
system	O
from	O
a	O
microSD	B-Device
card	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
run	O
homebrew	B-Application
applications	O
,	O
to	O
store	O
multiple	O
games	O
and	O
MP3	O
music	O
files	O
on	O
a	O
single	O
memory	O
card	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
play	O
games	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
backed	O
up	O
by	O
the	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
R4	B-Device
flashcard	O
's	O
original	O
developer	O
stopped	O
production	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
popularity	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
R4	B-Device
there	O
are	O
many	O
other	O
Nintendo	B-Device
DS	I-Device
flashcards	O
using	O
the	O
R4	B-Device
name	O
despite	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
any	O
connection	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
these	O
cartridges	O
can	O
also	O
store	O
a	O
3DS	B-Operating_System
boot	O
image	O
;	O
a	O
3DS	B-Operating_System
can	O
in	O
turn	O
be	O
made	O
to	O
boot	O
from	O
the	O
cartridge	O
by	O
way	O
of	O
an	O
undocumented	O
button	O
combination	O
recognized	O
by	O
the	O
system	O
's	O
bootloader	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
3DS	B-Operating_System
's	O
secure	O
boot	O
signature	O
validation	O
has	O
been	O
broken	O
,	O
this	O
provides	O
a	O
useful	O
means	O
of	O
installing	O
custom	O
firmware	O
on	O
a	O
3DS	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
R4	B-Device
cards	O
use	O
a	O
microSD	B-Device
( ≤2GB	O
)	O
card	O
for	O
its	O
firmware	O
and	O
games	O
,	O
and	O
does	O
not	O
support	O
SDHC	O
microSD	B-Device
cards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
Revolution	B-Device
for	I-Device
DS	I-Device
card	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
sold	O
,	O
however	O
cards	O
commonly	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
1:1	O
clones	O
can	O
still	O
be	O
purchased	O
online	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
are	O
flashcards	O
that	O
use	O
exactly	O
the	O
same	O
hardware	O
and	O
are	O
,	O
for	O
all	O
intents	O
and	O
purposes	O
,	O
also	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
the	O
original	O
R4	B-Device
revolution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
the	O
popularity	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
R4	B-Device
cartridge	I-Device
and	O
subsequent	O
continued	O
popularity	O
of	O
other	O
cards	O
using	O
the	O
name	O
,	O
Nintendo	B-Device
DS	I-Device
flashcards	O
using	O
R4	B-Device
in	O
their	O
names	O
is	O
still	O
very	O
common	O
despite	O
the	O
original	O
having	O
long	O
since	O
stopped	O
production	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
flashcards	O
,	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
clones	O
,	O
commonly	O
add	O
words	O
to	O
their	O
names	O
to	O
denote	O
their	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
SDHC	O
if	O
it	O
supports	O
SDHC	O
microSD	B-Device
cards	O
,	O
RTS	O
if	O
it	O
has	O
Real	O
Time	O
Save	O
support	O
,	O
and	O
DSi	B-Device
or	O
3DS	B-Operating_System
often	O
paired	O
with	O
changing	O
R4	B-Device
to	O
R4i	O
if	O
it	O
works	O
on	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Device
DSi	I-Device
or	O
3DS	B-Operating_System
consoles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
R4i	O
Gold	O
3DS	B-Operating_System
Plus	O
from	O
r4ids.cn	O
is	O
notable	O
for	O
featuring	O
a	O
switch	O
inside	O
that	O
cartridge	O
that	O
allows	O
easily	O
switching	O
between	O
being	O
a	O
normal	O
NintendoDS	B-Device
flashcard	O
and	O
a	O
mode	O
that	O
allows	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
ntrboot	O
exploit	O
for	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Operating_System
3DS	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
unique	O
feature	O
,	O
combined	O
with	O
its	O
high	O
compatibility	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
RTS	O
,	O
made	O
it	O
formerly	O
a	O
highly	O
recommended	O
card	O
,	O
however	O
its	O
final	O
production	O
run	O
was	O
defective	O
and	O
unable	O
to	O
play	O
Nintendo	B-General_Concept
DS	I-General_Concept
ROMs	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
r4isdhc.com	O
has	O
produced	O
many	O
R4	B-Device
clones	O
,	O
typically	O
going	O
by	O
the	O
names	O
"	O
R4iSDHC	O
Gold	O
"	O
,	O
"	O
R4iSDHC	O
RTS	O
Lite	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
"	O
R4iSDHC	O
Dual-Core	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cards	O
branded	O
r4isdhc.com	O
are	O
also	O
labelled	O
with	O
a	O
specific	O
year	O
and	O
use	O
a	O
time	B-General_Concept
bomb	I-General_Concept
where	O
the	O
card	O
refuses	O
to	O
load	O
Nintendo	B-General_Concept
DS	I-General_Concept
ROMs	I-General_Concept
after	O
a	O
certain	O
date	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
time	B-General_Concept
bomb	I-General_Concept
is	O
only	O
enforced	O
by	O
software	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
bypassed	O
easily	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Ace3DS+	O
is	O
infamous	O
for	O
being	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
cloned	O
carts	O
with	O
most	O
modern	O
clone	O
R4	B-Device
cards	O
running	O
Ace3DS+	O
based	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
infamous	O
carts	O
to	O
run	O
Ace3DS+	O
based	O
codes	O
are	O
the	O
carts	O
that	O
include	O
often	O
pirated	O
games	O
which	O
are	O
currently	O
being	O
sold	O
on	O
online	O
shops	O
like	O
eBay	B-Application
and	O
Amazon	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
R4	B-Device
flash	B-Device
cartridges	I-Device
are	O
banned	O
in	O
some	O
countries	O
due	O
to	O
copyright	O
infringement	O
lawsuits	O
from	O
Nintendo	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
2007	O
,	O
Nintendo	O
began	O
a	O
legal	O
crackdown	O
with	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
raids	O
against	O
R4	B-Device
merchants	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
Playables	O
Limited	O
,	O
importers	O
of	O
R4	B-Device
flashcards	O
,	O
was	O
ruled	O
against	O
by	O
the	O
London	O
High	O
Court	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ruling	O
outlawed	O
any	O
sales	O
,	O
importation	O
,	O
or	O
advertising	O
of	O
the	O
R4	B-Device
flashcards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
defence	O
of	O
Playables	O
Limited	O
claimed	O
that	O
the	O
R4	B-Device
flashcards	O
were	O
legal	O
because	O
it	O
uses	O
a	O
homebrew	B-Application
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
100,000	O
copying	O
devices	O
including	O
R4s	B-Device
were	O
seized	O
in	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2011	O
,	O
the	O
R4	B-Device
cards	O
were	O
banned	O
in	O
France	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
Nintendo	O
's	O
original	O
lawsuit	O
was	O
dismissed	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
that	O
the	O
devices	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
make	O
homebrews	B-Application
and	O
develop	O
software	O
in	O
2009	O
,	O
the	O
2011	O
ruling	O
reversed	O
this	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Paris	O
court	O
of	O
appeals	O
ruled	O
against	O
five	O
R4	B-Device
sellers	O
and	O
distributors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2009	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
Japan	O
outlawed	O
the	O
sales	O
of	O
the	O
R4	B-Device
flashcard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2012	O
,	O
the	O
Japanese	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Economy	O
,	O
Trade	O
,	O
and	O
Industry	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
importing	O
of	O
R4	B-Device
cards	O
,	O
and	O
similar	O
devices	O
,	O
is	O
now	O
punishable	O
by	O
law	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
,	O
Nintendo	O
won	O
a	O
court	O
case	O
against	O
two	O
R4	B-Device
card	O
distributors	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Tokyo	O
district	O
court	O
ruled	O
that	O
the	O
sellers	O
of	O
the	O
R4	B-Device
cards	O
owed	O
Nintendo	O
and	O
49	O
other	O
video	O
game	O
developers	O
¥	O
95,625,000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
seller	O
and	O
distributor	O
of	O
the	O
R4	B-Device
flashcards	O
was	O
fined	O
over	O
€1	O
million	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Curiously	O
,	O
in	O
another	O
trial	O
held	O
in	O
2016	O
Court	O
of	O
Catania	O
declared	O
flashcards	O
legal	O
since	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
exchanged	O
for	O
microSD-to-DScart	O
adapters	O
,	O
citing	O
the	O
fact	O
the	O
R4	B-Device
is	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
run	O
any	O
copyrighted	O
code	O
without	O
a	O
kernel	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
not	O
sold	O
with	O
the	O
flashcard	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
hardware-embedded	O
protection	O
breaking	O
functionalities	O
were	O
considerate	O
legitimate	O
to	O
run	O
unsigned	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
countries	O
that	O
have	O
banned	O
the	O
R4	B-Device
flashcards	O
include	O
Australia	O
,	O
Belgium	O
,	O
the	O
Netherlands	O
,	O
and	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O
</s>
