<s>
Quasi-variance	B-General_Concept
(	O
qv	O
)	O
estimates	O
are	O
a	O
statistical	O
approach	O
that	O
is	O
suitable	O
for	O
communicating	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
a	O
categorical	O
explanatory	O
variable	O
within	O
a	O
statistical	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quasi-variances	B-General_Concept
are	O
approximations	O
of	O
variances	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quasi-variances	B-General_Concept
are	O
statistics	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
parameter	O
estimates	O
(	O
coefficients	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
different	O
levels	O
of	O
categorical	O
explanatory	O
variables	O
within	O
statistical	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quasi-variances	B-General_Concept
can	O
be	O
presented	O
alongside	O
parameter	O
estimates	O
to	O
enable	O
readers	O
to	O
assess	O
differences	O
between	O
any	O
combinations	O
of	O
parameter	O
estimates	O
for	O
a	O
categorical	O
explanatory	O
variable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
quasi-variance	B-General_Concept
estimates	O
addresses	O
the	O
reference	O
category	O
problem	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quasi-variances	B-General_Concept
can	O
be	O
calculated	O
in	O
Stata	B-Algorithm
using	O
the	O
QV	O
module	O
and	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
calculated	O
in	O
R	B-Language
using	O
the	O
package	O
.	O
</s>
