<s>
Quartz	B-Operating_System
2D	I-Operating_System
is	O
the	O
native	O
two-dimensional	O
graphics	O
rendering	O
API	B-General_Concept
for	O
macOS	B-Application
and	O
iOS	B-Application
platforms	O
,	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Core	B-Operating_System
Graphics	I-Operating_System
framework	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quartz	B-Operating_System
2D	I-Operating_System
is	O
available	O
to	O
all	O
macOS	B-Application
and	O
iOS	B-Application
application	O
environments	O
and	O
provides	O
resolution-independent	O
and	O
device-independent	O
rendering	O
of	O
bitmap	O
graphics	O
,	O
text	O
,	O
and	O
vectors	O
both	O
on-screen	O
and	O
in	O
preparation	O
for	O
printing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
Quartz	B-Operating_System
2D	I-Operating_System
is	O
one	O
of	O
several	O
Quartz	B-Operating_System
Technologies	O
,	O
the	O
term	O
"	O
Quartz	B-Operating_System
"	O
by	O
itself	O
must	O
be	O
taken	O
in	O
context	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quartz	B-Operating_System
2D	I-Operating_System
expands	O
the	O
drawing	O
functions	O
associated	O
with	O
QuickDraw	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
notable	O
difference	O
is	O
that	O
Quartz	B-Operating_System
2D	I-Operating_System
eliminates	O
output	O
device	O
and	O
resolution	O
specificity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
drawing	O
model	O
utilized	O
by	O
Quartz	B-Operating_System
2D	I-Operating_System
is	O
based	O
on	O
PDF	B-Application
specification	O
1.4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quartz	B-Operating_System
2D	I-Operating_System
uses	O
graphics	O
contexts	O
,	O
environments	O
in	O
which	O
drawing	O
takes	O
place	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
,	O
contexts	O
are	O
the	O
mechanism	O
by	O
which	O
Quartz	B-Operating_System
2D	I-Operating_System
employs	O
resolution	O
-	O
and	O
device-independence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quartz	B-Operating_System
2D	I-Operating_System
is	O
similar	O
to	O
NeXT	O
's	O
Display	O
PostScript	B-Language
in	O
its	O
use	O
of	O
contexts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
first	O
appeared	O
as	O
the	O
2D	O
graphics	O
rendering	O
library	O
called	O
Core	B-Operating_System
Graphics	I-Operating_System
Rendering	O
;	O
along	O
with	O
Core	B-Operating_System
Graphics	I-Operating_System
Services	O
(	O
Compositing	O
)	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
wrapped	O
into	O
the	O
initial	O
incarnation	O
of	O
Quartz	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quartz	B-Operating_System
(	O
and	O
its	O
renderer	O
)	O
were	O
first	O
demonstrated	O
at	O
WWDC	O
in	O
May	O
1999	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Presently	O
,	O
the	O
name	O
Quartz	B-Operating_System
2D	I-Operating_System
more	O
precisely	O
defines	O
the	O
2D	O
rendering	O
capabilities	O
of	O
Core	B-Operating_System
Graphics	I-Operating_System
(	O
Quartz	B-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	O
10.2	O
,	O
marketing	O
attention	O
focused	O
on	O
Quartz	B-Operating_System
Extreme	O
,	O
the	O
composition	O
layer	O
,	O
leaving	O
the	O
term	O
"	O
Quartz	B-Operating_System
"	O
to	O
refer	O
to	O
the	O
Core	B-Operating_System
Graphics	I-Operating_System
framework	O
or	O
just	O
its	O
2D	O
renderer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Presently	O
,	O
Quartz	B-Operating_System
technologies	O
can	O
describe	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
rendering	O
and	O
compositing	O
technologies	O
introduced	O
by	O
macOS	B-Application
(	O
including	O
Core	B-Operating_System
Image	I-Operating_System
for	O
example	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	O
Tiger	O
,	O
QuickDraw	B-Operating_System
rendering	O
outperformed	O
that	O
of	O
Quartz	B-Operating_System
2D	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	O
10.4	O
rectified	O
this	O
,	O
substantially	O
increasing	O
the	O
standard	O
rendering	O
performance	O
of	O
Quartz	B-Operating_System
2D	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tiger	O
also	O
introduced	O
Quartz	B-Operating_System
2D	I-Operating_System
Extreme	O
:	O
optional	O
graphics	O
processor	O
(	O
GPU	O
)	O
acceleration	O
for	O
Quartz	B-Operating_System
2D	I-Operating_System
,	O
although	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
an	O
officially	O
supported	O
feature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quartz	B-Operating_System
2D	I-Operating_System
Extreme	O
is	O
disabled	O
by	O
default	O
in	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	O
10.4	O
because	O
it	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
video	O
redraw	O
issues	O
or	O
kernel	O
panics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	O
Leopard	O
,	O
Quartz	B-Operating_System
2D	I-Operating_System
Extreme	O
was	O
renamed	O
QuartzGL	O
.	O
</s>
