<s>
Quarkus	B-Language
is	O
a	O
Java	B-Language
framework	B-Architecture
tailored	O
for	O
deployment	O
on	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Key	O
technology	O
components	O
surrounding	O
it	O
are	O
OpenJDK	B-Language
HotSpot	I-Language
and	O
GraalVM	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
goal	O
of	O
Quarkus	B-Language
is	O
to	O
make	O
Java	B-Language
a	O
leading	O
platform	O
in	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
and	O
serverless	O
environments	O
while	O
offering	O
developers	O
a	O
unified	O
reactive	O
and	O
imperative	O
programming	O
model	O
to	O
optimally	O
address	O
a	O
wider	O
range	O
of	O
distributed	O
application	O
architectures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quarkus	B-Language
offers	O
quick	O
scale-up	O
and	O
high-density	O
utilization	O
in	O
container	O
orchestration	O
platforms	O
such	O
as	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
its	O
initial	O
debut	O
,	O
Quarkus	B-Language
underwent	O
several	O
enhancements	O
over	O
the	O
next	O
few	O
months	O
,	O
culminating	O
in	O
a	O
1.0	O
release	O
within	O
the	O
open	O
source	O
community	O
in	O
October	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GraalVM	B-Language
is	O
a	O
Java	B-Language
Virtual	O
Machine	O
for	O
compiling	O
and	O
running	O
applications	O
written	O
in	O
different	O
languages	O
to	O
a	O
native	O
machine	O
binary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GraalVM	B-Language
Community	O
Edition	O
has	O
varying	O
support	O
and	O
licensing	O
requirements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mandrel	O
is	O
a	O
downstream	O
distribution	O
of	O
GraalVM	B-Language
CE	O
,	O
supporting	O
the	O
same	O
capabilities	O
to	O
build	O
native	O
executables	O
but	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
open	O
source	O
OpenJDK	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mandrel	O
aims	O
to	O
make	O
GraalVM	B-Language
easy	O
to	O
consume	O
by	O
Quarkus	B-Language
applications	O
by	O
only	O
including	O
GraalVM	B-Language
CE	O
components	O
that	O
Quarkus	B-Language
needs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Red	O
Hat	O
began	O
commercial	O
support	O
for	O
using	O
Mandrel	O
to	O
build	O
native	O
Quarkus	B-Language
applications	O
since	O
the	O
Quarkus	B-Language
1.7	O
release	O
in	O
October	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
the	O
beginning	O
,	O
Quarkus	B-Language
was	O
designed	O
around	O
the	O
container-first	O
and	O
Kubernetes-native	O
philosophy	O
,	O
optimizing	O
for	O
low	O
memory	O
usage	O
and	O
fast	O
startup	O
times	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Quarkus	B-Language
,	O
classes	O
used	O
only	O
at	O
application	O
startup	O
are	O
invoked	O
at	O
build	O
time	O
and	O
not	O
loaded	O
into	O
the	O
runtime	O
JVM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quarkus	B-Language
also	O
avoids	O
reflection	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
possible	O
,	O
instead	O
favoring	O
static	O
class	O
binding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
design	O
principles	O
reduce	O
the	O
size	O
,	O
and	O
ultimately	O
the	O
memory	O
footprint	O
,	O
of	O
the	O
application	O
running	O
on	O
the	O
JVM	O
while	O
also	O
enabling	O
Quarkus	B-Language
to	O
be	O
natively-native	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quarkus	B-Language
 '	O
design	O
accounted	O
for	O
native	O
compilation	O
from	O
the	O
onset	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
optimized	O
for	O
using	O
the	O
native	O
image	O
capability	O
of	O
GraalVM	B-Language
to	O
compile	O
JVM	O
bytecode	O
to	O
a	O
native	O
machine	O
binary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GraalVM	B-Language
aggressively	O
removes	O
any	O
unreachable	O
code	O
found	O
within	O
the	O
application	O
's	O
source	O
code	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
any	O
of	O
its	O
dependencies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Combined	O
with	O
Linux	O
containers	O
and	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
,	O
a	O
Quarkus	B-Language
application	O
runs	O
as	O
a	O
native	O
Linux	O
executable	O
,	O
eliminating	O
the	O
JVM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Quarkus	B-Language
native	O
executable	O
starts	O
much	O
faster	O
and	O
uses	O
far	O
less	O
memory	O
than	O
a	O
traditional	O
JVM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
productivity	O
problems	O
that	O
face	O
most	O
Java	B-Language
developers	O
is	O
traditional	O
Java	B-Language
development	O
workflow	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quarkus	B-Language
aims	O
to	O
solve	O
this	O
problem	O
with	O
its	O
Live	O
Coding	O
feature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
works	O
for	O
Java	B-Language
file	O
,	O
application	O
config	O
,	O
and	O
static	O
resources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NoteWhen	O
you	O
run	O
mvn	O
compile	O
quarkus:dev	O
Quarkus	B-Language
will	O
launch	O
in	O
development	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quarkus	B-Language
redeploys	O
are	O
much	O
faster	O
than	O
a	O
traditional	O
app	O
server	O
,	O
so	O
for	O
all	O
but	O
the	O
largest	O
applications	O
this	O
should	O
take	O
well	O
under	O
a	O
second	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quarkus	B-Language
provides	O
an	O
interactive	O
developer	O
UI	O
to	O
showcase	O
all	O
added	O
dependencies	O
when	O
a	O
developer	O
accesses	O
the	O
http://localhost:8080/q/dev	O
endpoint	O
after	O
the	O
Quarkus	B-Language
dev	O
mode	O
gets	O
started	O
via	O
mvn	O
quarkus:dev	O
command-line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
still	O
tend	O
not	O
to	O
run	O
production-ready	O
databases	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
PostgreSQL	B-Application
and	O
MariaDB	B-Application
)	O
due	O
to	O
high	O
consumption	O
of	O
the	O
computer	O
's	O
resources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quarkus	B-Language
provides	O
the	O
DevServices	O
built	O
on	O
test	O
containers	O
to	O
solve	O
this	O
problem	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
developer	O
can	O
do	O
test	O
applications	O
if	O
they	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
production	O
database	O
,	O
PostgreSQL	B-Application
rather	O
than	O
H2	O
in-memory	O
datastore	O
in	O
the	O
application.properties	O
file	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
DevServices	O
is	O
enabled	O
Quarkus	B-Language
will	O
attempt	O
to	O
automatically	O
configure	O
and	O
start	O
a	O
database	O
when	O
running	O
in	O
development	O
or	O
test	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quarkus	B-Language
provides	O
a	O
continuous	O
testing	O
feature	O
through	O
the	O
command-line	O
interface	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
DEV	O
UI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quarkus	B-Language
rests	O
on	O
a	O
vast	O
ecosystem	O
of	O
technologies	O
,	O
standards	O
,	O
libraries	O
,	O
and	O
APIs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developers	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
spend	O
lots	O
of	O
time	O
learning	O
an	O
entirely	O
new	O
set	O
of	O
APIs	O
and	O
technologies	O
to	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
benefits	O
Quarkus	B-Language
brings	O
to	O
the	O
JVM	O
or	O
native	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Among	O
the	O
specifications	O
and	O
technologies	O
underlying	O
Quarkus	B-Language
are	O
Contexts	O
&	O
Dependency	B-Library
Injection	I-Library
(	O
CDI	B-Library
)	O
,	O
JAX-RS	B-Language
,	O
Java	B-Language
Persistence	I-Language
API	I-Language
(	O
JPA	O
)	O
,	O
Java	B-Language
Transaction	I-Language
API	I-Language
(	O
JTA	O
)	O
,	O
Apache	B-Language
Camel	I-Language
,	O
and	O
Hibernate	B-Library
,	O
just	O
to	O
name	O
a	O
few	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quarkus	B-Language
is	O
an	O
Ahead-of-Time	B-Application
compilation	I-Application
(	O
AOT	B-Application
)	O
platform	O
,	O
optimizing	O
code	O
for	O
the	O
JVM	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
compiling	O
to	O
native	O
code	O
for	O
improved	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
of	O
the	O
underlying	O
technologies	O
are	O
AOT-enabled	O
,	O
and	O
Quarkus	B-Language
is	O
continually	O
incorporating	O
new	O
AOT-enabled	O
technologies	O
,	O
standards	O
,	O
and	O
libraries	O
.	O
</s>
