<s>
In	O
computing	O
,	O
Quark	B-Operating_System
is	O
an	O
operating	B-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
used	O
in	O
MorphOS	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
microkernel	B-Operating_System
designed	O
to	O
run	O
fully	O
virtualized	B-General_Concept
computers	O
,	O
called	O
boxes	O
(	O
see	O
sandbox	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
only	O
one	O
box	O
is	O
available	O
,	O
the	O
ABox	O
,	O
that	O
lets	O
users	O
run	O
extant	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
software	O
compiled	B-Language
for	O
Motorola	B-Device
68000	I-Device
series	I-Device
(	O
MC680x0	O
or	O
68k	B-Device
)	O
and	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
central	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
units	I-General_Concept
(	O
CPUs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Quark	B-Operating_System
microkernel	B-Operating_System
is	O
not	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
L4	B-Operating_System
microkernel	I-Operating_System
family	I-Operating_System
,	O
but	O
borrows	O
concepts	O
from	O
it	O
,	O
including	O
:	O
the	O
clan	O
(	O
group	O
of	O
tasks	O
)	O
,	O
ID	O
concept	O
,	O
and	O
recursive	O
address	O
mapping	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quark	B-Operating_System
also	O
has	O
an	O
asynchronous/synchronous	O
message	O
interface	O
similar	O
to	O
Amiga	B-Device
's	O
Exec	B-Operating_System
kernel	B-Operating_System
but	O
adapted	O
to	O
an	O
environment	O
with	O
memory	B-General_Concept
protection	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
Quark	B-Operating_System
features	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
this	O
new	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
hardware	B-Operating_System
abstraction	I-Operating_System
layer	I-Operating_System
is	O
used	O
which	O
provides	O
the	O
needed	O
hardware	O
resource	O
information	O
like	O
scanning	O
all	O
Amiga	B-Device
Zorro	I-Device
II	I-Device
bus	O
boards	O
,	O
Peripheral	B-Protocol
Component	I-Protocol
Interconnect	I-Protocol
(	O
PCI	B-Protocol
)	O
boards	O
,	O
and	O
local	O
hardware	O
resources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Trance	O
JIT	O
is	O
a	O
MorphOS	B-Operating_System
just-in-time	O
(	O
JIT	O
)	O
compiler	B-Language
,	O
or	O
code	O
translator	O
,	O
for	O
running	O
68k	B-Device
applications	O
within	O
the	O
MorphOS	B-Operating_System
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
been	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
MorphOS	B-Operating_System
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
since	O
MorphOS	B-Operating_System
1.4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MorphOS	B-Operating_System
has	O
a	O
fully	O
integrated	O
68k	B-Device
emulator	O
to	O
run	O
many	O
Amiga	B-Device
applications	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
almost	O
exclusively	O
compiled	B-Language
for	O
the	O
68k	B-Device
processor	O
,	O
though	O
MorphOS	B-Operating_System
runs	O
on	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Trance	O
supplements	O
this	O
function	O
by	O
adding	O
JIT	O
compiling	B-Language
,	O
increasing	O
the	O
speed	O
of	O
the	O
emulation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
does	O
not	O
interfere	O
with	O
the	O
full	O
integration	O
of	O
68k	B-Device
and	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
tasks	O
MorphOS	B-Operating_System
provides	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
technically	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
MorphOS	B-Operating_System
can	O
be	O
run	O
without	O
it	O
,	O
Trance	O
is	O
considered	O
a	O
fundamental	O
part	O
of	O
MorphOS	B-Operating_System
and	O
one	O
of	O
its	O
most	O
powerful	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compatibility	O
of	O
Trance	O
is	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
high	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
few	O
to	O
no	O
68k	B-Device
instruction	O
sequences	O
or	O
applications	O
which	O
cause	O
it	O
any	O
problems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
fast	O
,	O
with	O
users	O
noticing	O
few	O
differences	O
between	O
68k	B-Device
programs	O
and	O
native	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Trance	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
Ralph	O
Schmidt	O
and	O
Teemu	O
Suikki	O
,	O
with	O
minor	O
support	O
from	O
other	O
MorphOS	B-Operating_System
team	I-Operating_System
members	O
,	O
Mark	O
Olsen	O
,	O
Sigbjørn	O
Skjæret	O
,	O
and	O
Harry	O
Sintonen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Under	O
the	O
Quark	B-Operating_System
kernel	B-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
native	O
reimplementation	O
of	O
the	O
OS	O
known	O
from	O
the	O
Commodore	O
International	O
A1000	O
,	O
A500( +	O
)	O
,	O
A600	O
,	O
A2000	O
,	O
A1200	O
,	O
A3000(T )	O
,	O
and	O
A4000(T )	O
systems	O
runs	O
as	O
a	O
mix	O
of	O
a	O
virtual	O
emulation	O
and	O
a	O
driver	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
OS	O
driver	B-Application
is	O
called	O
an	O
ABox	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
68k	B-Device
emulation	O
is	O
written	O
in	O
C	B-Language
and	O
uses	O
GNU	B-Application
Compiler	I-Application
Collection	I-Application
(	O
GCC	B-Application
)	O
assembly	B-Language
language	I-Language
macros	O
where	O
needed	O
to	O
speed	O
up	O
some	O
complex	O
instructions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
JIT	O
engine	O
named	O
Trance	O
is	O
also	O
available	O
for	O
MorphOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
to	O
speed	O
up	O
old	O
68k	B-Device
programs	O
beyond	O
the	O
current	O
state	O
of	O
the	O
traditional	O
emulation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PPC	O
native	O
Exec	B-Operating_System
supports	O
the	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
register	O
model	O
which	O
means	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
difference	O
for	O
this	O
Exec	B-Operating_System
if	O
it	O
runs	O
68k	B-Device
or	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPC	B-Architecture
code	O
does	O
not	O
block	O
multitasking	O
inside	O
the	O
OS	O
box	O
like	O
in	O
emulations	O
where	O
the	O
68k	B-Device
code	O
is	O
just	O
emulated	O
in	O
some	O
host	O
system	O
's	O
task	O
(	O
then	O
every	O
access	O
outside	O
this	O
environment	O
would	O
stop	O
the	O
multitasking	O
in	O
the	O
emulated	O
environment	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
applications	O
running	O
under	O
this	O
new	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
ABox	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
68k	B-Device
code	O
runs	O
as	O
subroutines	O
inside	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
68k	B-Device
or	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
applications	O
it	O
's	O
fully	O
transparent	O
if	O
some	O
library	O
,	O
hook	O
,	O
interrupt	B-Application
is	O
still	O
68k	B-Device
or	O
already	O
using	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
code	O
.	O
</s>
