<s>
Quantum	B-Device
natural	I-Device
language	I-Device
processing	I-Device
(	O
QNLP	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
quantum	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
to	O
natural	B-Language
language	I-Language
processing	I-Language
(	O
NLP	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
computes	O
word	B-General_Concept
embeddings	I-General_Concept
as	O
parameterised	O
quantum	B-Application
circuits	I-Application
that	O
can	O
solve	O
NLP	B-Language
tasks	O
faster	O
than	O
any	O
classical	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
inspired	O
by	O
categorical	O
quantum	O
mechanics	O
and	O
the	O
DisCoCat	B-General_Concept
framework	O
,	O
making	O
use	O
of	O
string	O
diagrams	O
to	O
translate	O
from	O
grammatical	O
structure	O
to	O
quantum	O
processes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
quantum	O
algorithm	O
for	O
natural	B-Language
language	I-Language
processing	I-Language
used	O
the	O
DisCoCat	B-General_Concept
framework	O
and	O
Grover	B-Algorithm
's	I-Algorithm
algorithm	I-Algorithm
to	O
show	O
a	O
quadratic	O
quantum	O
speedup	O
for	O
a	O
text	O
classification	B-General_Concept
task	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
two	O
theoretical	O
results	O
assume	O
fault-tolerant	B-Device
quantum	I-Device
computation	I-Device
and	O
a	O
QRAM	O
,	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
an	O
efficient	O
way	O
to	O
load	O
classical	O
data	O
on	O
a	O
quantum	B-Architecture
computer	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
algorithm	O
of	O
Zeng	O
and	O
Coecke	O
was	O
adapted	O
to	O
the	O
constraints	O
of	O
NISQ	O
computers	O
and	O
implemented	O
on	O
IBM	B-Device
quantum	I-Device
computers	I-Device
to	O
solve	O
binary	O
classification	O
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
of	O
loading	O
classical	O
word	B-General_Concept
vectors	I-General_Concept
onto	O
a	O
quantum	O
memory	O
,	O
the	O
word	B-General_Concept
vectors	I-General_Concept
are	O
computed	O
directly	O
as	O
the	O
parameters	O
of	O
quantum	B-Application
circuits	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
parameters	O
are	O
optimised	O
using	O
methods	O
from	O
quantum	B-Device
machine	I-Device
learning	I-Device
to	O
solve	O
data-driven	O
tasks	O
such	O
as	O
question	B-Algorithm
answering	I-Algorithm
,	O
machine	B-Application
translation	I-Application
and	O
even	O
algorithmic	O
music	O
composition	O
.	O
</s>
