<s>
Quality	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
is	O
the	O
discipline	O
of	O
engineering	O
concerned	O
with	O
the	O
principles	O
and	O
practice	O
of	O
product	O
and	O
service	O
quality	O
assurance	O
and	O
control	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quality	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
is	O
the	O
discipline	O
of	O
engineering	O
that	O
creates	O
and	O
implements	O
strategies	O
for	O
quality	O
assurance	O
in	O
product	O
development	O
and	O
production	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
software	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quality	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
body	O
of	O
knowledge	O
includes	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
such	O
contexts	O
,	O
quality	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
facilitates	O
the	O
necessary	O
all-embracing	O
consideration	O
of	O
quality	O
attributes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quality	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
integrates	O
methods	O
and	O
tools	O
from	O
enterprise	O
architecture-management	O
,	O
Software	O
product	O
management	O
,	O
IT	O
service	O
management	O
,	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
and	O
systems	O
engineering	O
,	O
and	O
from	O
software	B-Application
quality	I-Application
management	I-Application
and	O
information	B-Application
security	I-Application
management	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
means	O
that	O
quality	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
goes	O
beyond	O
the	O
classic	O
disciplines	O
of	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
,	O
information	B-Application
security	I-Application
management	I-Application
or	O
software	O
product	O
management	O
since	O
it	O
integrates	O
management	O
issues	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
business	O
and	O
IT	O
strategy	O
,	O
risk	O
management	O
,	O
business	O
process	O
views	O
,	O
knowledge	O
and	O
information	O
management	O
,	O
operative	O
performance	O
management	O
)	O
,	O
design	O
considerations	O
(	O
including	O
the	O
software	O
development	O
process	O
,	O
requirements	O
analysis	O
,	O
software	O
testing	O
)	O
and	O
operative	O
considerations	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
configuration	O
,	O
monitoring	O
,	O
IT	O
service	O
management	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
fields	O
where	O
it	O
is	O
used	O
,	O
quality	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
is	O
closely	O
linked	O
to	O
compliance	O
with	O
legal	O
and	O
business	O
requirements	O
,	O
contractual	O
obligations	O
and	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
quality	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
,	O
quality	O
objectives	O
are	O
implemented	O
in	O
a	O
collaborative	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
quality	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
they	O
often	O
address	O
the	O
quality	O
attributes	O
of	O
availability	O
,	O
security	O
,	O
safety	O
,	O
reliability	O
and	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
quality	O
models	O
like	O
ISO/IEC	O
25000	O
and	O
methods	O
like	O
the	O
Goal	B-Application
Question	I-Application
Metric	I-Application
approach	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
attribute	O
metrics	O
to	O
quality	O
objectives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
key	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
quality	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
process	O
and	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
prerequisite	O
for	O
its	O
continuous	O
monitoring	O
and	O
control	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
end-to-end	O
quality	O
management	O
approach	O
to	O
quality	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
requires	O
numerous	O
actors	O
with	O
different	O
responsibilities	O
and	O
tasks	O
,	O
different	O
expertise	O
and	O
involvement	O
in	O
the	O
organisation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Different	O
roles	O
involved	O
in	O
quality	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
:	O
</s>
<s>
Therefore	O
,	O
appropriate	O
measures	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
taken	O
to	O
coordinate	O
the	O
heterogeneous	O
tasks	O
of	O
the	O
various	O
roles	O
in	O
quality	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
and	O
to	O
consolidate	O
and	O
synchronize	O
the	O
data	O
and	O
information	O
necessary	O
in	O
fulfilling	O
the	O
tasks	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
make	O
them	O
available	O
to	O
each	O
actor	O
in	O
an	O
appropriate	O
form	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Knowledge	O
management	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
part	O
in	O
quality	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
quality	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
knowledge	O
base	O
comprises	O
manifold	O
structured	O
and	O
unstructured	B-Application
data	I-Application
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
code	O
repositories	O
via	O
requirements	O
specifications	O
,	O
standards	O
,	O
test	O
reports	O
,	O
enterprise	O
architecture	O
models	O
to	O
system	O
configurations	O
and	O
runtime	O
logs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
data	O
of	O
the	O
quality	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
knowledge	O
base	O
are	O
generated	O
,	O
processed	O
and	O
made	O
available	O
both	O
manually	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
tool-based	O
in	O
a	O
geographically	O
,	O
organisationally	O
and	O
technically	O
distributed	O
context	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
results	O
in	O
the	O
following	O
requirements	O
for	O
a	O
quality	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
knowledge	O
base	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
RACI	O
concept	O
is	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
an	O
appropriate	O
model	O
for	O
assigning	O
actors	O
to	O
information	O
in	O
a	O
quality	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
knowledge	O
base	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contexts	O
,	O
where	O
actors	O
from	O
different	O
organisations	O
or	O
levels	O
interact	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
the	O
quality	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
knowledge	O
base	O
has	O
to	O
provide	O
mechanisms	O
for	O
ensuring	O
confidentiality	O
and	O
integrity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quality	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
knowledge	O
bases	O
offer	O
a	O
whole	O
range	O
of	O
possibilities	O
for	O
analysis	O
and	O
finding	O
information	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
support	O
quality	O
control	O
tasks	O
of	O
actors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
quality	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
process	O
comprises	O
all	O
tasks	O
carried	O
out	O
manually	O
and	O
in	O
a	O
(	O
semi	O
-	O
)	O
automated	O
way	O
to	O
identify	O
,	O
fulfil	O
and	O
measure	O
any	O
quality	O
features	O
in	O
a	O
chosen	O
context	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
quality	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
process	O
has	O
to	O
integrate	O
any	O
existing	O
sub-processes	O
that	O
may	O
comprise	O
highly	O
structured	O
processes	O
such	O
as	O
IT	O
service	O
management	O
and	O
processes	O
with	O
limited	O
structure	O
such	O
as	O
agile	O
software	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
objective	O
of	O
an	O
efficient	O
quality	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
process	O
is	O
the	O
coordination	O
of	O
automated	O
and	O
manual	O
quality	O
assurance	O
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
quality	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
process	O
(	O
or	O
its	O
sub-processes	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
supported	O
by	O
tools	O
such	O
as	O
ticketing	O
systems	O
or	O
security	O
management	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
