<s>
Pulsed	B-Algorithm
radiofrequency	I-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
technique	O
whereby	O
radio	O
frequency	O
(	O
RF	O
)	O
oscillations	B-Algorithm
are	O
gated	O
at	O
a	O
rate	O
of	O
pulses	O
(	O
cycles	O
)	O
per	O
second	O
(	O
one	O
cycle	O
per	O
second	O
is	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
hertz	O
(	O
Hz	O
)	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Radio	O
frequency	O
electromagnetic	O
energy	O
is	O
routinely	O
produced	O
by	O
RF	O
electrical	O
circuits	O
connected	O
to	O
a	O
transducer	B-Algorithm
,	O
usually	O
an	O
antenna	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
several	O
applications	O
of	O
pulse	O
radio	O
frequency	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
radar	B-Application
,	O
times	O
between	O
pulses	O
can	O
be	O
modulated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
best	O
understood	O
and	O
applied	O
use	O
of	O
pulse	O
radio	O
frequency	O
electromagnetic	O
energy	O
is	O
their	O
use	O
in	O
radar	B-Application
(	O
radio	B-Application
detection	I-Application
and	I-Application
ranging	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
uses	O
of	O
radar	B-Application
are	O
diverse	O
and	O
applied	O
to	O
military	O
,	O
civilian	O
and	O
space	O
exploration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Radar	B-Application
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
reflection	O
or	O
scatter	O
of	O
pulsed	B-Algorithm
radiofrequency	I-Algorithm
waves	O
emitted	O
from	O
a	O
transmitter	O
which	O
are	O
then	O
detected	O
by	O
an	O
antenna	O
which	O
then	O
determines	O
the	O
range	O
,	O
speed	O
,	O
and	O
direction	O
of	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Radio	O
frequencies	O
used	O
with	O
radar	B-Application
are	O
from	O
3megahertz	O
(	O
MHz	O
)	O
to	O
300	O
gigahertz	O
(	O
GHz	O
)	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
type	O
and	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pulsed	B-Algorithm
radiofrequency	I-Algorithm
fields	O
are	O
an	O
emerging	O
technology	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
medical	O
field	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
tumors	O
,	O
cardiac	B-Application
arrhythmias	I-Application
,	O
chronic	O
and	O
post-operative	O
pain	O
,	O
bone	O
fracture	O
,	O
and	O
soft	O
tissue	O
wounds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
two	O
general	O
categories	O
of	O
pulsed	B-Algorithm
radiofrequency	I-Algorithm
field	O
therapies	O
based	O
on	O
their	O
mechanism	O
of	O
action	O
:	O
thermal	O
and	O
non-thermal	O
(	O
athermal	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
thermal	O
radiofrequency	O
ablation	O
for	O
tumors	O
and	O
cardiac	B-Application
arrhythmia	I-Application
has	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
over	O
25	O
years	O
,	O
non-thermal	O
pulsed	O
radio	O
frequency	O
is	O
currently	O
being	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
ablation	O
of	O
cardiac	B-Application
arrhythmias	I-Application
and	O
tumors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pulsed	B-Algorithm
radiofrequency	I-Algorithm
therapy	O
technologies	O
are	O
described	O
by	O
the	O
acronyms	O
EMF	O
(	O
electromagnetic	O
field	O
)	O
,	O
PEMF	O
(	O
pulsed	O
electromagnetic	O
fields	O
)	O
,	O
PRF	O
(	O
pulsed	B-Algorithm
radiofrequency	I-Algorithm
fields	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
PRFE(pulsed radiofrequency energy )	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
pulsed	B-Algorithm
radiofrequency	I-Algorithm
has	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
medical	O
treatment	O
purposes	O
for	O
decades	O
,	O
peer	O
reviewed	O
publications	O
assessing	O
the	O
efficacy	O
and	O
physiological	O
mechanism(s )	O
are	O
now	O
starting	O
to	O
appear	O
addressing	O
this	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Natural	O
occurring	O
sources	O
of	O
pulsed	B-Algorithm
radiofrequency	I-Algorithm
exist	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
stars	O
called	O
pulsars	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pulsars	B-Application
were	O
discovered	O
in	O
1967	O
using	O
a	O
radio	O
telescope	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Different	O
sizes	O
of	O
pulsars	B-Application
pulse	O
at	O
different	O
rates	O
.	O
</s>
