<s>
Psi-theory	B-Architecture
,	O
developed	O
by	O
Dietrich	O
Dörner	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Bamberg	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
systemic	O
psychological	O
theory	O
covering	O
human	O
action	O
regulation	O
,	O
intention	O
selection	O
and	O
emotion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Next	O
to	O
the	O
motivational	O
and	O
emotional	O
system	O
,	O
Psi-theory	B-Architecture
suggests	O
a	O
neuro-symbolic	O
model	O
of	O
representation	O
,	O
which	O
encodes	O
semantic	O
relationships	O
in	O
a	O
hierarchical	O
spreading	B-Algorithm
activation	I-Algorithm
network	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concepts	O
of	O
Psi-theory	B-Architecture
may	O
be	O
reduced	O
to	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
basic	O
assumptions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Psi-theory	B-Architecture
describes	O
a	O
cognitive	O
system	O
as	O
a	O
structure	O
consisting	O
of	O
relationships	O
and	O
dependencies	O
that	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
maintain	O
a	O
homeostatic	O
balance	O
in	O
the	O
face	O
of	O
a	O
dynamic	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Psi-theory	B-Architecture
suggests	O
hierarchical	O
networks	O
of	O
nodes	O
as	O
a	O
universal	O
mode	O
of	O
representation	O
for	O
declarative	O
,	O
procedural	O
and	O
tacit	O
knowledge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
working	O
memory	O
also	O
contains	O
a	O
hypothetical	O
world	O
model	O
that	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
comparisons	O
during	O
recognition	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
planning	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
modulators	O
control	O
behavioral	O
tendencies	O
(	O
action	O
readiness	O
via	O
general	O
activation	O
or	O
arousal	O
)	O
,	O
stability	O
of	O
active	O
behaviors/chosen	O
goals	O
(	O
selection	O
threshold	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
orientation	O
behavior	O
(	O
sampling	O
rate	O
or	O
securing	O
threshold	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
width	O
and	O
depth	O
of	O
activation	O
spreading	O
in	O
perceptual	O
processing	O
,	O
memory	O
retrieval	O
and	O
planning	B-Application
(	O
activation	O
and	O
resolution	O
level	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
Psi-theory	B-Architecture
,	O
emotions	O
are	O
interpreted	O
as	O
a	O
configurational	O
setting	O
of	O
the	O
cognitive	O
modulators	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
pleasure/distress	O
dimension	O
and	O
the	O
assessment	O
of	O
the	O
cognitive	O
urges	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tacit	O
knowledge	O
(	O
especially	O
sensory-motor	O
capabilities	O
)	O
may	O
be	O
acquired	O
by	O
neural	B-Architecture
learning	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
planning	B-Application
fails	O
,	O
the	O
system	O
resorts	O
to	O
exploration	O
(	O
or	O
switches	O
to	O
another	O
motive	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Cognition	O
is	O
not	O
interpreted	O
an	O
extension	O
of	O
language	O
by	O
the	O
Psi-theory	B-Architecture
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Evaluating	O
the	O
Psi-theory	B-Architecture
in	O
an	O
experimental	O
paradigm	O
is	O
difficult	O
,	O
not	O
least	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
many	O
free	O
variables	O
it	O
posits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
predictions	O
and	O
propositions	O
of	O
the	O
Psi-theory	B-Architecture
are	O
mostly	O
qualitative	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Psi-theory	B-Architecture
can	O
also	O
be	O
interpreted	O
as	O
a	O
specification	O
for	O
a	O
cognitive	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
MicroPsi	O
is	O
a	O
cognitive	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
built	O
by	O
Joscha	O
Bach	O
at	O
the	O
Humboldt	O
University	O
of	O
Berlin	O
and	O
the	O
Institute	O
of	O
Cognitive	O
Science	O
of	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Osnabrück	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MicroPsi	O
extends	O
the	O
representations	O
of	O
the	O
Psi-theory	B-Architecture
with	O
taxonomies	O
,	O
inheritance	B-Language
and	O
linguistic	O
labeling	O
;	O
MicroPsi	O
's	O
spreading	B-Algorithm
activation	I-Algorithm
networks	O
allow	O
for	O
neural	B-Architecture
learning	I-Architecture
,	O
planning	B-Application
and	O
associative	O
retrieval	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MicroPsi	O
's	O
first	O
generation	O
(	O
2003	O
–	O
2009	O
)	O
is	O
implemented	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
and	O
includes	O
a	O
framework	O
for	O
editing	O
and	O
simulating	O
software	B-General_Concept
agents	I-General_Concept
using	O
spreading	B-Algorithm
activation	I-Algorithm
networks	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
graphics	B-Device
engine	I-Device
for	O
visualization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MicroPsi	O
2	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
implementation	O
of	O
MicroPsi	O
,	O
written	O
in	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
and	O
currently	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
tool	O
for	O
knowledge	O
representation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OpenCog	B-Application
cognitive	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
includes	O
a	O
simple	O
implementation	O
of	O
Psi-theory	B-Architecture
,	O
dubbed	O
OpenPsi	O
.	O
</s>
