<s>
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
(	O
previously	O
written	O
as	O
ProtonMail	B-Application
)	O
is	O
an	O
end-to-end	O
encrypted	B-Protocol
email	I-Protocol
service	O
founded	O
in	O
2013	O
in	O
Geneva	O
,	O
Switzerland	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
uses	O
client-side	B-Protocol
encryption	I-Protocol
to	O
protect	O
email	O
content	O
and	O
user	O
data	O
before	O
they	O
are	O
sent	O
to	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
servers	O
,	O
unlike	O
other	O
common	O
email	O
providers	O
such	O
as	O
Gmail	B-Application
and	O
Outlook.com	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
service	O
can	O
be	O
accessed	O
through	O
a	O
webmail	B-Protocol
client	O
,	O
the	O
Tor	B-Application
network	I-Application
,	O
or	O
dedicated	O
iOS	B-Application
and	O
Android	B-Application
apps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
is	O
run	O
by	O
Proton	O
AG	O
(	O
formerly	O
Proton	O
Technologies	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
based	O
in	O
the	O
Canton	O
of	O
Geneva	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
also	O
operates	O
Proton	B-Application
VPN	I-Application
,	O
Proton	O
Drive	O
and	O
Proton	O
Calendar	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
received	O
initial	O
funding	O
through	O
a	O
crowdfunding	O
campaign	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initial	O
membership	O
was	O
by	O
invitation	O
only	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
beginning	O
in	O
March	O
2016	O
,	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
was	O
opened	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
16	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
entered	O
into	O
public	O
beta	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
months	O
later	O
,	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
received	O
from	O
10,576	O
donors	O
through	O
a	O
crowdfunding	O
campaign	O
on	O
Indiegogo	O
,	O
while	O
aiming	O
for	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
campaign	O
,	O
PayPal	O
froze	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
's	O
PayPal	O
account	O
,	O
thereby	O
preventing	O
the	O
withdrawal	O
of	O
worth	O
of	O
donations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
18	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
received	O
from	O
the	O
non-profit	O
Fondation	O
Genevoise	O
pour	O
l'Innovation	O
Technologique	O
(	O
FONGIT	O
)	O
and	O
Charles	O
River	O
Ventures	O
,	O
although	O
by	O
2022	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
no	O
longer	O
had	O
venture	O
capital	O
investors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
14	O
August	O
2015	O
,	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
released	O
major	O
version	O
2.0	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
a	O
rewritten	O
codebase	B-General_Concept
for	O
its	O
web	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
17	O
March	O
2016	O
,	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
released	O
major	O
version	O
3.0	O
,	O
which	O
saw	O
the	O
official	O
launch	O
of	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
out	O
of	O
beta	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
a	O
new	O
interface	O
for	O
the	O
web	O
client	O
,	O
version	O
3.0	O
also	O
included	O
the	O
public	O
launch	O
of	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
's	O
iOS	B-Application
and	O
Android	B-Application
beta	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
19	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
announced	O
a	O
Tor	B-Application
onion	I-Application
site	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
November	O
21	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
introduced	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
Contacts	O
,	O
a	O
zero-access	O
encryption	O
contacts	O
manager	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
Contacts	O
also	O
utilizes	O
digital	O
signatures	O
to	O
verify	O
the	O
integrity	O
of	O
contacts	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
6	O
December	O
2017	O
,	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
launched	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
Bridge	O
,	O
an	O
application	O
that	O
provides	O
end-to-end	O
email	B-Protocol
encryption	I-Protocol
to	O
any	O
desktop	O
client	O
that	O
supports	O
IMAP	B-Protocol
and	O
SMTP	B-Protocol
,	O
such	O
as	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Outlook	I-Application
,	O
Mozilla	B-Application
Thunderbird	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
Mail	I-Operating_System
,	O
for	O
Windows	O
and	O
MacOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
July	O
25	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
introduced	O
address	O
verification	O
and	O
Pretty	B-Application
Good	I-Application
Privacy	I-Application
(	O
PGP	B-Application
)	O
support	O
,	O
making	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
interoperable	O
with	O
other	O
PGP	B-Application
clients	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
released	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
for	O
the	O
web	O
interface	O
under	O
an	O
open-source	B-License
license	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
also	O
open	O
sourced	O
their	O
mobile	O
clients	O
for	O
iOS	B-Application
and	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
the	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
Bridge	O
app	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
of	O
their	O
source	O
code	O
can	O
be	O
found	O
on	O
GitHub	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2020	O
,	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
helped	O
found	O
the	O
Coalition	O
for	O
App	O
Fairness	O
,	O
which	O
aims	O
to	O
gain	O
better	O
conditions	O
for	O
the	O
inclusion	O
of	O
their	O
apps	O
in	O
app	O
stores	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2022	O
,	O
Proton	O
AG	O
updated	O
the	O
visuals	O
,	O
user	O
interface	O
,	O
and	O
logos	O
of	O
all	O
its	O
products	O
,	O
including	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
,	O
to	O
achieve	O
a	O
consistent	O
design	O
throughout	O
its	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
's	O
subscription	O
now	O
includes	O
access	O
to	O
all	O
Proton	B-Application
VPN	I-Application
,	O
Proton	O
Calendar	O
,	O
and	O
Proton	O
Drive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
to	O
send	O
secure	O
invitations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Proton	O
Drive	O
is	O
a	O
cloud	B-Architecture
storage	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ProtonVPN	B-Application
is	O
a	O
VPN	B-Application
service	O
that	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
secure	O
and	O
encrypt	O
their	O
Internet	O
connection	O
by	O
redirecting	O
their	O
Internet	O
traffic	O
through	O
a	O
server	O
operated	O
by	O
Proton	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ProtonVPN	B-Application
also	O
provides	O
access	O
to	O
blocked	O
content	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
on	O
multiple	O
devices	O
simultaneously	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SimpleLogin	O
is	O
an	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
service	O
that	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
use	O
email	O
aliases	O
to	O
protect	O
their	O
privacy	O
online	O
and	O
protect	O
their	O
main	O
inbox	O
from	O
spam	O
and	O
phishing	O
attacks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SimpleLogin	O
also	O
provides	O
additional	O
security	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
PGP	B-Application
encryption	I-Application
and	O
two-factor	O
authentication	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
service	O
is	O
fully	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
and	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
on	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
platforms	O
including	O
the	O
web	O
,	O
mobile	O
apps	O
and	O
browser	O
extensions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SimpleLogin	O
functionality	O
will	O
be	O
integrated	O
into	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
,	O
allowing	O
the	O
Proton	O
community	O
to	O
hide	O
their	O
email	O
addresses	O
with	O
SimpleLogin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
uses	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
public-key	B-Application
cryptography	I-Application
and	O
symmetric	B-Algorithm
encryption	I-Algorithm
protocols	O
to	O
offer	O
end-to-end	O
encryption	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
a	O
user	O
creates	O
a	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
account	O
,	O
their	O
browser	O
generates	O
a	O
pair	O
of	O
public	O
and	O
private	O
RSA	B-Architecture
keys	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
public	B-Application
key	I-Application
is	O
used	O
to	O
encrypt	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
emails	O
and	O
other	O
user	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
private	B-Application
key	I-Application
capable	O
of	O
decrypting	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
data	O
is	O
symmetrically	O
encrypted	O
with	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
mailbox	O
password	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
symmetrical	B-Algorithm
encryption	I-Algorithm
happens	O
in	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
web	O
browser	O
using	O
AES-256	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
also	O
offers	O
users	O
an	O
option	O
to	O
log	O
in	O
with	O
a	O
two-password	O
mode	O
that	O
requires	O
a	O
login	O
password	O
and	O
a	O
mailbox	O
password	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
public	B-Application
key	I-Application
and	O
the	O
encrypted	O
private	B-Application
key	I-Application
are	O
both	O
stored	O
on	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
servers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
stores	O
decryption	O
keys	O
only	O
in	O
their	O
encrypted	O
form	O
so	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
developers	O
are	O
unable	O
to	O
retrieve	O
user	O
emails	O
or	O
reset	O
user	O
mailbox	O
passwords	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
system	O
absolves	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
from	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
exclusively	O
supports	O
HTTPS	B-Protocol
and	O
uses	O
TLS	B-Protocol
with	O
ephemeral	O
key	B-Protocol
exchange	I-Protocol
to	O
encrypt	O
all	O
Internet	O
traffic	O
between	O
users	O
and	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
servers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
holds	O
an	O
"	O
A+	O
"	O
rating	O
from	O
Qualys	O
SSL	O
Labs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2015	O
,	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
added	O
native	O
support	O
to	O
their	O
web	O
interface	O
and	O
mobile	O
app	O
for	O
PGP	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
a	O
user	O
to	O
export	O
their	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
PGP-encoded	O
public	B-Application
key	I-Application
to	O
others	O
outside	O
of	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
,	O
enabling	O
them	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
key	O
for	O
email	B-Protocol
encryption	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
also	O
supports	O
PGP	B-Application
encryption	I-Application
from	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
to	O
outside	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
also	O
has	O
support	O
for	O
searching	O
within	O
encrypted	O
message	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
email	O
message	O
sent	O
from	O
one	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
account	O
to	O
another	O
is	O
automatically	O
encrypted	O
with	O
the	O
public	B-Application
key	I-Application
of	O
the	O
recipient	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
encrypted	O
,	O
only	O
the	O
private	B-Application
key	I-Application
of	O
the	O
recipient	O
can	O
decrypt	O
the	O
message	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
recipient	O
logs	O
in	O
,	O
their	O
mailbox	O
password	O
decrypts	O
their	O
private	B-Application
key	I-Application
and	O
unlocks	O
their	O
inbox	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Email	O
messages	O
sent	O
from	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
to	O
non-Proton	O
Mail	O
email	O
addresses	O
may	O
optionally	O
be	O
sent	O
in	O
plain	O
text	O
or	O
with	O
end-to-end	O
encryption	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
encryption	O
,	O
the	O
message	O
is	O
encrypted	O
with	O
AES	B-Algorithm
under	O
a	O
user-supplied	O
password	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
recipient	O
receives	O
a	O
link	O
to	O
the	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
website	O
on	O
which	O
they	O
can	O
enter	O
the	O
password	O
and	O
read	O
the	O
decrypted	O
message	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
assumes	O
that	O
the	O
sender	O
and	O
the	O
recipient	O
have	O
exchanged	O
this	O
password	O
through	O
a	O
backchannel	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
and	O
Proton	B-Application
VPN	I-Application
are	O
located	O
in	O
Switzerland	B-Protocol
to	O
avoid	O
any	O
surveillance	O
or	O
information	O
requests	O
from	O
countries	O
under	O
the	O
Fourteen	O
Eyes	O
,	O
and/or	O
under	O
government	O
surveillance	O
laws	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
 '	O
Patriot	O
Act	O
or	O
outside	O
the	O
bounds	O
of	O
law	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
claims	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
located	O
in	O
Switzerland	B-Protocol
because	O
of	O
its	O
strict	O
privacy	O
laws	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
October	O
2022	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
currently	O
supports	O
two-factor	O
authentication	O
with	O
TOTP	B-Algorithm
tokens	O
or	O
U2F	B-Protocol
for	O
its	O
login	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2018	O
Nadim	O
Kobeissi	O
published	O
an	O
article	O
arguing	O
that	O
as	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
was	O
generally	O
accessed	O
through	O
a	O
web	O
client	O
,	O
"	O
no	O
end-to-end	O
encryption	O
guarantees	O
have	O
ever	O
been	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
service.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2021	O
,	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
's	O
security	O
and	O
cryptographic	O
architecture	O
were	O
both	O
independently	O
audited	O
by	O
Securitum	O
,	O
a	O
leading	O
European	O
security	O
auditing	O
company	O
,	O
who	O
uncovered	O
no	O
major	O
issues	O
or	O
security	O
vulnerabilities	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
audit	O
results	O
were	O
publicly	O
published	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
limits	O
data	B-Application
portability	I-Application
by	O
locking	O
support	O
for	O
external	O
email	B-Protocol
client	I-Protocol
software	O
through	O
IMAP	B-Protocol
and	O
POP3	B-Protocol
protocols	O
behind	O
a	O
paywall	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2021	O
,	O
users	O
are	O
unable	O
to	O
back	B-Protocol
up	I-Protocol
their	O
email	O
account	O
locally	O
without	O
paying	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
maintains	O
and	O
owns	O
its	O
own	O
server	O
hardware	O
and	O
network	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
avoid	O
utilizing	O
a	O
third	O
party	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
maintains	O
two	O
data	B-Operating_System
centers	I-Operating_System
,	O
one	O
in	O
Lausanne	O
and	O
another	O
in	O
Attinghausen	O
(	O
in	O
the	O
former	O
K7	O
military	O
bunker	O
under	O
of	O
granite	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
backup	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
servers	O
are	O
located	O
in	O
Switzerland	B-Protocol
,	O
they	O
are	O
legally	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
jurisdiction	O
of	O
the	O
European	O
Union	O
,	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
countries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
data	B-Operating_System
center	I-Operating_System
uses	O
load	B-Application
balancing	I-Application
across	O
web	O
,	O
mail	O
,	O
and	O
SQL	B-Language
servers	I-Language
,	O
redundant	O
power	O
supply	O
,	O
hard	B-Device
drives	I-Device
with	O
full	O
disk	O
encryption	O
,	O
and	O
exclusive	O
use	O
of	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
other	O
open-source	B-License
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2014	O
,	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
joined	O
the	O
RIPE	O
NCC	O
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
have	O
more	O
direct	O
control	O
over	O
the	O
surrounding	O
Internet	O
infrastructure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
November	O
3-7	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
was	O
under	O
several	O
DDoS	O
attacks	O
that	O
made	O
the	O
service	O
largely	O
unavailable	O
to	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
attacks	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
stated	O
on	O
Twitter	B-Application
that	O
it	O
was	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
data	B-Operating_System
center	I-Operating_System
in	O
Switzerland	B-Protocol
,	O
saying	O
,	O
"	O
many	O
are	O
afraid	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
magnitude	O
of	O
the	O
attack	O
against	O
us	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2018	O
,	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
reported	O
it	O
was	O
once	O
more	O
suffering	O
from	O
DDoS	O
attacks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2018	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
suspected	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
attackers	O
was	O
arrested	O
by	O
British	O
law	O
enforcement	O
and	O
charged	O
in	O
connection	O
with	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
other	O
high-profile	O
cyberattacks	O
against	O
schools	O
and	O
airlines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
November	O
15	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
Proton	O
confirmed	O
that	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
the	O
Republic	O
of	O
Belarus	O
had	O
issued	O
a	O
block	O
across	O
the	O
country	O
of	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
and	O
Proton	B-Application
VPN	I-Application
IP	O
addresses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
No	O
explanation	O
was	O
given	O
to	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
for	O
the	O
block	O
,	O
nor	O
for	O
the	O
block	O
being	O
lifted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
29	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
Russian	O
Federal	O
Service	O
for	O
Supervision	O
of	O
Communications	O
,	O
Information	O
Technology	O
and	O
Mass	O
Media	O
reported	O
that	O
it	O
had	O
implemented	O
a	O
complete	O
block	O
of	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
services	O
within	O
the	O
Russian	O
Federation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
reason	O
for	O
the	O
block	O
,	O
it	O
cited	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
's	O
refusal	O
to	O
give	O
up	O
information	O
relating	O
to	O
accounts	O
that	O
allegedly	O
sent	O
out	O
spam	O
with	O
terror	O
threats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
claimed	O
that	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
receive	O
any	O
requests	O
from	O
Russian	O
authorities	O
regarding	O
any	O
such	O
accounts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
block	O
,	O
the	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
Twitter	B-Application
account	I-Application
recommended	O
legitimate	O
users	O
circumvent	O
the	O
block	O
via	O
VPNs	B-Application
or	O
Tor	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
announced	O
that	O
even	O
though	O
the	O
Russia	O
ban	O
was	O
not	O
particularly	O
successful	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
service	O
continues	O
to	O
be	O
largely	O
available	O
in	O
Russia	O
without	O
using	O
a	O
VPN	B-Application
,	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
will	O
be	O
releasing	O
new	O
anti-censorship	O
features	O
in	O
both	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
and	O
Proton	B-Application
VPN	I-Application
desktop	O
and	O
mobile	O
apps	O
which	O
will	O
allow	O
more	O
block	O
attempts	O
to	O
be	O
automatically	O
circumvented	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
's	O
transparency	O
report	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
legally	O
obligated	O
to	O
follow	O
Swiss	O
court	O
orders	O
if	O
Swiss	O
law	O
is	O
broken	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
2020	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
received	O
3,572	O
orders	O
from	O
Swiss	O
authorities	O
and	O
contested	O
750	O
of	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
the	O
encryption	O
utilized	O
,	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
is	O
unable	O
to	O
hand	O
over	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
encrypted	B-Protocol
emails	I-Protocol
under	O
any	O
circumstances	O
,	O
but	O
according	O
to	O
Proton	O
's	O
privacy	O
policy	O
,	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
can	O
be	O
legally	O
compelled	O
to	O
log	O
IP	O
addresses	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
Swiss	O
criminal	O
investigation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
this	O
reason	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
strongly	O
suggests	O
that	O
users	O
who	O
need	O
to	O
hide	O
their	O
identity	O
from	O
the	O
Swiss	O
government	O
use	O
their	O
Tor	B-Application
hidden	O
service/onion	O
site	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2022	O
,	O
Proton	O
updated	O
its	O
privacy	O
policy	O
and	O
made	O
explicit	O
a	O
separate	O
privacy	O
policy	O
for	O
its	O
Proton	B-Application
VPN	I-Application
service	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
a	O
different	O
treatment	O
under	O
Swiss	O
law	O
and	O
has	O
a	O
strict	O
no-logs	O
policy	O
which	O
was	O
also	O
confirmed	O
by	O
an	O
external	O
audit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
these	O
cases	O
,	O
in	O
October	O
2021	O
,	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
won	O
an	O
important	O
Swiss	O
court	O
victory	O
that	O
confirmed	O
that	O
email	O
services	O
cannot	O
be	O
considered	O
telecommunications	O
providers	O
,	O
and	O
consequently	O
are	O
not	O
subject	O
to	O
the	O
data	O
retention	O
requirements	O
imposed	O
on	O
telecommunications	O
providers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
February	O
20	O
,	O
2023	O
,	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
offers	O
the	O
following	O
account	O
types	O
for	O
individuals	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
February	O
20	O
,	O
2023	O
,	O
Proton	B-Application
Mail	I-Application
offers	O
the	O
following	O
account	O
types	O
for	O
businesses	O
:	O
</s>
