<s>
In	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
,	O
programming	B-Application
by	I-Application
example	I-Application
(	O
PbE	O
)	O
,	O
also	O
termed	O
programming	B-Application
by	I-Application
demonstration	I-Application
or	O
more	O
generally	O
as	O
demonstrational	O
programming	O
,	O
is	O
an	O
end-user	O
development	O
technique	O
for	O
teaching	O
a	O
computer	O
new	O
behavior	O
by	O
demonstrating	O
actions	O
on	O
concrete	O
examples	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
records	O
user	O
actions	O
and	O
infers	O
a	O
generalized	O
program	B-Application
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
on	O
new	O
examples	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PbE	O
is	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
easier	O
to	O
do	O
than	O
traditional	O
computer	B-General_Concept
programming	I-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
generally	O
requires	O
learning	O
and	O
using	O
a	O
programming	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PbE	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
two	O
independent	O
clients	O
for	O
the	O
BioMOBY	B-Language
protocol	O
:	O
and	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
the	O
programming	B-Application
by	I-Application
demonstration	I-Application
(	O
PbD	O
)	O
term	O
has	O
been	O
mostly	O
adopted	O
by	O
robotics	O
researchers	O
for	O
teaching	O
new	O
behaviors	O
to	O
the	O
robot	O
through	O
a	O
physical	O
demonstration	O
of	O
the	O
task	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
usual	O
distinction	O
in	O
literature	O
between	O
these	O
terms	O
is	O
that	O
in	O
PbE	O
the	O
user	O
gives	O
a	O
prototypical	O
product	O
of	O
the	O
computer	O
execution	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
a	B-Application
row	I-Application
in	I-Application
the	I-Application
desired	I-Application
results	I-Application
of	I-Application
a	I-Application
query	I-Application
;	O
while	O
in	O
PbD	O
the	O
user	O
performs	O
a	O
sequence	O
of	O
actions	O
that	O
the	O
computer	O
must	O
repeat	O
,	O
generalizing	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
different	O
data	O
sets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Photoshop	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
simple	O
case	O
of	O
PbD	O
is	O
the	O
macro	B-Application
recorder	I-Application
.	O
</s>
