<s>
Programmable	B-Application
calculators	I-Application
are	O
calculators	B-Application
that	O
can	O
automatically	O
carry	O
out	O
a	O
sequence	O
of	O
operations	O
under	O
control	O
of	O
a	O
stored	O
program	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
are	O
Turing	B-Algorithm
complete	I-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
,	O
as	O
such	O
,	O
are	O
theoretically	O
general-purpose	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
programmable	B-Application
calculators	I-Application
such	O
as	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
CPC	I-Device
used	O
punched	B-Architecture
cards	I-Architecture
or	O
other	O
media	O
for	O
program	B-General_Concept
storage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hand-held	O
electronic	O
calculators	B-Application
store	O
programs	B-Application
on	O
magnetic	O
strips	O
,	O
removable	O
read-only	O
memory	O
cartridges	O
,	O
flash	O
memory	O
,	O
or	O
in	O
battery-backed	O
read/write	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
these	O
flexible	O
handheld	O
units	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
class	O
of	O
graphing	B-Application
calculators	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
the	O
mass-manufacture	O
of	O
inexpensive	O
dot-matrix	B-General_Concept
LCDs	B-Device
,	O
however	O
,	O
programmable	B-Application
calculators	I-Application
usually	O
featured	O
a	O
one-line	O
numeric	O
or	O
alphanumeric	O
display	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Big	O
Four	O
manufacturers	O
of	O
programmable	B-Application
calculators	I-Application
are	O
Casio	O
,	O
Hewlett-Packard	O
,	O
Sharp	O
,	O
and	O
Texas	O
Instruments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
of	O
the	O
above	O
have	O
also	O
made	O
pocket	B-Device
computers	I-Device
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
especially	O
Casio	O
and	O
Sharp	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
calculators	B-Application
of	O
this	O
type	O
are	O
monochrome	O
LCD	B-Device
,	O
some	O
are	O
four-color	O
(	O
red	O
or	O
orange	O
,	O
green	O
,	O
blue	O
,	O
and	O
black	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
some	O
machines	O
at	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
line	O
as	O
of	O
January	O
2022	O
color	O
similar	O
to	O
monitors	O
displaying	O
16	O
or	O
32-bit	O
graphics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
wide	O
availability	O
and	O
low	O
cost	O
of	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
including	O
laptop	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
smartphones	B-Application
and	O
tablets	B-Device
gradually	O
made	O
programmable	B-Application
calculators	I-Application
obsolete	O
for	O
most	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specific	O
calculator	B-Application
models	O
are	O
often	O
required	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
many	O
mathematics	O
courses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
instance	O
,	O
the	O
calculators	B-Application
do	O
not	O
typically	O
have	O
direct	O
Internet	O
access	O
and	O
so	O
cannot	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
illegal	O
assistance	O
in	O
exams	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
remaining	O
programmable	B-Application
calculator	I-Application
manufacturers	O
devote	O
much	O
effort	O
to	O
encourage	O
the	O
continued	O
use	O
of	O
these	O
calculators	B-Application
in	O
high	O
school	O
mathematics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programmable	B-Application
calculators	I-Application
allow	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
write	O
and	O
store	O
programs	B-Application
in	O
the	O
calculator	B-Application
in	O
order	O
to	O
solve	O
difficult	O
problems	O
or	O
automate	O
an	O
elaborate	O
procedure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programming	O
capability	O
appears	O
most	O
commonly	O
(	O
although	O
not	O
exclusively	O
)	O
in	O
graphing	B-Application
calculators	I-Application
,	O
as	O
the	O
larger	O
screen	O
allows	O
multiple	O
lines	O
of	O
source	O
code	O
to	O
be	O
viewed	O
simultaneously	O
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
without	O
having	O
to	O
scroll	O
to	O
the	O
next/previous	O
display	O
line	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
,	O
calculator	B-Application
programming	I-Application
had	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
in	O
the	O
calculator	B-Application
's	O
own	O
command	O
language	O
,	O
but	O
as	O
calculator	B-Application
hackers	O
discovered	O
ways	O
to	O
bypass	O
the	O
main	O
interface	O
of	O
the	O
calculators	B-Application
and	O
write	O
assembly	B-Language
language	I-Language
programs	B-Application
,	O
calculator	B-Application
companies	O
(	O
particularly	O
Texas	O
Instruments	O
)	O
began	O
to	O
support	O
native-mode	O
programming	O
on	O
their	O
calculator	B-Application
hardware	O
,	O
first	O
revealing	O
the	O
hooks	O
used	O
to	O
enable	O
such	O
code	O
to	O
operate	O
,	O
and	O
later	O
explicitly	O
building	O
in	O
facilities	O
to	O
handle	O
such	O
programs	B-Application
directly	O
from	O
the	O
user	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
programs	B-Application
written	O
for	O
calculators	B-Application
can	O
be	O
found	O
on	O
the	O
internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
can	O
download	O
the	O
programs	B-Application
to	O
a	O
personal	B-Device
computer	I-Device
,	O
and	O
then	O
upload	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
calculator	B-Application
using	O
a	O
specialized	O
link	O
cable	O
,	O
infrared	O
wireless	O
link	O
,	O
or	O
through	O
a	O
memory	O
card	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sometimes	O
these	O
programs	B-Application
can	O
also	O
be	O
run	O
through	O
emulators	O
on	O
the	O
PC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programming	O
these	O
machines	O
can	O
be	O
done	O
on	O
the	O
machine	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
PC	O
side	O
and	O
uploaded	O
as	O
source	O
code	O
,	O
or	O
compiled	O
on	O
the	O
PC	O
side	O
and	O
uploaded	O
as	O
with	O
Flash	O
and	O
some	O
C/C	O
++	O
implementations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
computer-side	O
language	O
packages	O
such	O
as	O
tigcc	O
,	O
hpgcc	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
,	O
the	O
PC	O
link	O
software	O
available	O
for	O
TI	O
,	O
HP	O
,	O
Casio	O
,	O
and	O
Sharp	O
calculators	B-Application
contain	O
program	B-General_Concept
editors	O
;	O
there	O
are	O
also	O
SDKs	O
,	O
emulators	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
tools	O
for	O
use	O
on	O
the	O
computer	O
side	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
manufacturer	O
and	O
third-party	O
tools	O
like	O
the	O
TI++	O
editor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programs	B-Application
,	O
data	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
forth	B-Application
can	O
also	O
be	O
exchanged	O
among	O
similar	O
machines	O
via	O
the	O
same	O
ports	O
on	O
the	O
calculator	B-Application
used	O
for	O
PC	O
connectivity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On-board	O
programming	O
tools	O
which	O
use	O
non-native	O
language	O
implementations	O
include	O
the	O
On-Board	O
C	B-Language
Compiler	O
for	O
fx	O
series	O
Casio	O
calculators	B-Application
and	O
the	O
TI-83	B-Device
BBC	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
possibility	O
arising	O
from	O
the	O
above	O
is	O
writing	O
interpreters	O
,	O
compilers	O
,	O
and	O
translator	O
programs	B-Application
for	O
additional	O
languages	O
for	O
programming	O
the	O
machines	O
;	O
BBC	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
has	O
already	O
been	O
ported	O
to	O
the	O
TI-83	B-Device
and	O
-84	B-Device
series	O
and	O
other	O
onboard	O
languages	O
and	O
programming	O
tools	O
discussed	O
by	O
many	O
include	O
Fortran	B-Application
,	O
awk	B-Application
,	O
Pascal	B-Application
,	O
Rexx	B-Language
,	O
Perl	B-Language
,	O
Common	O
Lisp	B-Language
,	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
tcl	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
various	O
Unix	B-Application
shells	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Commonly	O
available	O
programs	B-Application
for	O
calculators	B-Application
include	O
everything	O
from	O
math/science	O
related	O
problem	O
solvers	O
to	O
video	O
games	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
so-called	O
demos	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Much	O
of	O
this	O
code	O
is	O
user-created	O
freeware	O
or	O
even	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
,	O
though	O
commercial	O
software	O
,	O
particularly	O
for	O
educational	O
and	O
science/engineering	O
markets	O
,	O
is	O
also	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programmable	B-Application
calculators	I-Application
have	O
major	O
websites	O
with	O
information	O
,	O
documentation	O
,	O
message	O
boards	O
,	O
tools	O
for	O
download	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
things	O
useful	O
for	O
this	O
pursuit	O
;	O
the	O
main	O
sites	O
for	O
each	O
manufacturer	O
's	O
calculators	B-Application
are	O
run	O
by	O
third	O
parties	O
with	O
varying	O
degrees	O
of	O
collaboration	O
from	O
the	O
companies	O
themselves	O
:	O
namely	O
HPCalc.org,	O
TICalc.org,	O
and	O
CasioCalc.org,	O
(	O
qqv	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
with	O
the	O
SharpCalc.org	O
domain	O
being	O
recently	O
purchased	O
by	O
an	O
organization	O
which	O
indicated	O
intent	O
to	O
produce	O
a	O
site	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
three	O
,	O
plus	O
information	O
on	O
Sharp	O
pocket	B-Device
computers	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
early	O
days	O
,	O
most	O
programmable	B-Application
calculators	I-Application
used	O
a	O
very	O
simplified	O
programming	O
language	O
,	O
often	O
based	O
either	O
on	O
recording	O
actual	O
keystrokes	O
or	O
bytecode	O
if	O
the	O
keystrokes	O
were	O
merged	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Calculators	B-Application
supporting	O
such	O
programming	O
were	O
Turing-complete	O
if	O
they	O
supported	O
both	O
conditional	O
statements	O
and	O
indirect	O
addressing	O
of	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notable	O
examples	O
of	O
Turing	B-Algorithm
complete	I-Algorithm
calculators	B-Application
were	O
Casio	B-Device
FX-602P	I-Device
series	I-Device
,	O
the	O
HP-41	B-Device
and	O
the	O
TI-59	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Keystroke	O
programming	O
is	O
still	O
used	O
in	O
mid-range	O
calculators	B-Application
like	O
the	O
HP	O
35s	O
and	O
HP-12C	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
BASIC	O
is	O
a	O
widespread	O
programming	O
language	O
commonly	O
adapted	O
to	O
desktop	O
computers	O
and	O
pocket	B-Device
computers	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
common	O
languages	O
now	O
used	O
in	O
high	O
range	O
calculators	B-Application
are	O
proprietary	O
BASIC-style	O
dialects	O
as	O
used	O
by	O
Casio	O
(	O
Casio	B-Device
BASIC	I-Device
or	O
BasicLike	O
)	O
and	O
TI	O
(	O
TI-BASIC	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
BASIC	O
dialects	O
are	O
optimised	O
for	O
calculator	B-Application
use	O
,	O
combining	O
the	O
advantages	O
of	O
BASIC	O
and	O
keystroke	O
programming	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
version	O
for	O
the	O
Ti-89	B-Device
and	O
subsequent	O
is	O
more	O
fully	O
featured	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
full	O
set	O
of	O
string	O
and	O
character	O
manipulation	O
functions	O
and	O
statements	O
in	O
standard	O
Basic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
complete	O
port	O
of	O
BBC	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
to	O
the	O
TI-83	B-Device
subfamily	O
of	O
calculators	B-Application
is	O
now	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RPL	B-Device
is	O
a	O
special	O
Forth-like	O
programming	O
language	O
used	O
by	O
Hewlett	O
-	O
Packard	O
in	O
its	O
high	O
range	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
device	O
with	O
RPL	B-Device
calculator	B-Application
was	O
the	O
HP-28C	B-Device
released	O
in	O
1987	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
language	O
PPL	O
was	O
introduced	O
with	O
the	O
HP	B-Device
Prime	I-Device
calculator	B-Application
and	O
is	O
much	O
like	O
Pascal	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
assembler	B-Language
integrated	O
into	O
the	O
TI	B-Device
89	I-Device
and	O
related	O
calculators	B-Application
were	O
announced	O
and	O
released	O
in	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Machine	O
language	O
programming	O
was	O
often	O
discouraged	O
on	O
early	O
calculator	B-Application
models	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
dedicated	O
platform	O
hackers	O
discovered	O
ways	O
to	O
bypass	O
the	O
built-in	O
interpreters	O
on	O
some	O
models	O
and	O
program	B-General_Concept
the	O
calculator	B-Application
directly	O
in	O
assembly	B-Language
language	I-Language
,	O
a	O
technique	O
that	O
was	O
first	O
discovered	O
and	O
utilized	O
on	O
the	O
TI-85	B-Device
due	O
to	O
a	O
programming	O
flaw	O
in	O
a	O
mode-switching	O
key	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
time	O
the	O
TI-83	B-Device
came	O
out	O
,	O
TI	O
and	O
HP	O
had	O
realized	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
support	O
needs	O
of	O
homebrew	O
programmers	O
,	O
and	O
started	O
to	O
make	O
assembly	B-Language
language	I-Language
libraries	O
and	O
documentation	O
available	O
for	O
prospective	O
developers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Software	O
,	O
particularly	O
games	O
,	O
could	O
now	O
be	O
nearly	O
as	O
fast	O
and	O
as	O
graphical	O
as	O
their	O
Game	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
counterparts	O
,	O
and	O
TI	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
would	O
later	O
formalize	O
assembly	B-Language
programming	I-Language
into	O
support	O
for	O
packaged	O
applications	O
for	O
future	O
calculators	B-Application
such	O
as	O
the	O
TI-83	B-Device
Plus	I-Device
and	O
TI-89	B-Device
;	O
HP	O
includes	O
some	O
onboard	O
support	O
for	O
assembler	B-Language
programming	I-Language
on	O
the	O
HP-50g	B-Device
,	O
its	O
current	O
top-of-the-line	O
calculator	B-Application
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programs	B-Application
and	O
toolkits	O
to	O
allow	O
on-board	O
assembly-like	O
programming	O
(	O
often	O
Intel	B-Operating_System
80x86	I-Operating_System
even	O
if	O
the	O
actual	O
processor	O
in	O
the	O
calculator	B-Application
is	O
something	O
completely	O
different	O
like	O
a	O
Zilog	O
or	O
Motorola	O
chip	O
)	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
beta	O
stage	O
in	O
at	O
least	O
two	O
implementations	O
—	O
the	O
native	O
Basic	O
variant	O
can	O
be	O
enhanced	O
by	O
user-defined	O
functions	O
and	O
procedures	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
assembly	O
and	O
C	B-Language
modules	O
developed	O
on	O
a	O
computer	O
and	O
uploaded	O
to	O
the	O
calculator	B-Application
which	O
allow	O
for	O
writing	O
and	O
running	O
"	O
pseudo	O
assembly	O
"	O
programs	B-Application
just	O
as	O
one	O
would	O
the	O
Basic	O
type	O
ones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
languages	O
like	O
Rexx	B-Language
,	O
awk	B-Application
,	O
Perl	B-Language
,	O
and	O
some	O
Unix	B-Application
shells	I-Application
can	O
also	O
be	O
implemented	O
in	O
this	O
fashion	O
on	O
many	O
calculators	B-Application
of	O
this	O
type	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GCC	B-Application
development	O
suite	O
is	O
available	O
for	O
several	O
models	O
of	O
Casio	O
,	O
HP	O
,	O
and	O
TI	O
calculators	B-Application
,	O
meaning	O
that	O
C	B-Language
,	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
Fortran	B-Application
77	O
,	O
and	O
inline	B-Language
assembly	I-Language
language	I-Language
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
program	B-General_Concept
on	O
the	O
computer	O
side	O
and	O
then	O
upload	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
calculator	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Projects	O
in	O
development	O
by	O
third	O
parties	O
include	O
on-board	O
and/or	O
computer-side	O
converters	O
,	O
interpreters	O
,	O
code	O
generators	O
,	O
macro	O
assemblers	B-Language
,	O
or	O
compilers	O
for	O
Fortran	B-Application
,	O
other	O
Basic	O
variants	O
,	O
awk	B-Application
,	O
C	B-Language
,	O
Cobol	B-Application
,	O
Rexx	B-Language
,	O
Perl	B-Language
,	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
Tcl	B-Operating_System
,	O
Pascal	B-Application
,	O
Delphi	B-Language
,	O
and	O
operating	O
system	O
shells	O
like	O
DOS/Win95	O
batch	O
,	O
OS/2	O
batch	O
,	O
WinNT/2000	O
shell	O
,	O
Unix	B-Application
shells	I-Application
,	O
and	O
DCL	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
calculators	B-Application
run	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
Fortran	B-Application
77	O
called	O
Mini-Fortran	O
;	O
the	O
compiler	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
calculator	B-Application
so	O
connecting	O
to	O
a	O
PC	O
to	O
put	O
programs	B-Application
onto	O
the	O
machine	O
is	O
not	O
needed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OnCalc	O
C	B-Language
Compiler	O
for	O
the	O
Casio	O
fx-9860	O
series	O
is	O
now	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Sharp	O
PC	O
G850V	O
pocket	B-Device
computer	I-Device
has	O
an	O
onboard	O
C	B-Language
compiler	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
an	O
assembler	B-Language
and	O
a	O
Basic	O
interpreter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
important	O
feature	O
of	O
programmable	B-Application
calculators	I-Application
is	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
some	O
form	O
of	O
persistent	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Without	O
persistent	O
memory	O
,	O
programs	B-Application
have	O
to	O
be	O
re-entered	O
whenever	O
power	O
is	O
lost	O
,	O
making	O
the	O
device	O
cumbersome	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
programmable	B-Application
calculators	I-Application
employ	O
both	O
schemes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
entered	O
programs	B-Application
are	O
stored	O
on	O
magnetic	O
strips	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last	O
and	O
most	O
notable	O
devices	O
to	O
use	O
magnetic	O
strips	O
were	O
the	O
HP-41C	B-Device
and	O
TI-59	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Continuous	O
memory	O
does	O
not	O
lose	O
its	O
content	O
when	O
the	O
calculator	B-Application
is	O
switched	O
off	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
continuous	O
memory	O
the	O
user	O
can	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
change	O
batteries	O
without	O
losing	O
the	O
entered	O
programs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compact	B-Device
Cassettes	I-Device
offered	O
a	O
simple	O
,	O
inexpensive	O
alternative	O
to	O
magnetic	O
cards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Usually	O
,	O
an	O
interface	O
module	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Casio	B-Device
FA-1	I-Device
,	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
connect	O
the	O
calculator	B-Application
to	O
an	O
ordinary	O
cassette	O
recorder	O
,	O
and	O
digital	O
data	O
were	O
encoded	O
as	O
frequency-shift	O
keyed	O
audio	O
signals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sharp	O
and	O
Hewlett-Packard	O
also	O
sold	O
dedicated	O
micro	O
-	O
or	O
mini-cassette	O
recorders	O
that	O
connected	O
directly	O
to	O
the	O
calculator	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programs	B-Application
and	O
data	O
are	O
transferred	O
to	O
a	O
personal	B-Device
computer	I-Device
for	O
storage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
transfer	O
is	O
done	O
by	O
the	O
following	O
connection	O
methods	O
(	O
chronological	O
order	O
of	O
appearance	O
)	O
RS-232	O
,	O
IrDA	O
and	O
USB	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
advantages	O
are	O
offset	O
by	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
personal	B-Device
computer	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
early	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
PC	O
connection	O
is	O
the	O
Casio	B-Device
FX-603P	I-Device
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
the	O
Casio	B-Device
FA-6	I-Device
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
set-up	O
,	O
transfer	O
was	O
done	O
in	O
plain	O
text	O
so	O
the	O
program	B-General_Concept
and	O
data	O
could	O
be	O
stored	O
and	O
edited	O
with	O
a	O
standard	O
text	B-Application
editor	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Throughout	O
the	O
1980s	O
and	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
1990s	O
,	O
programmable	B-Application
calculators	I-Application
stood	O
in	O
competition	O
with	O
pocket	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
with	O
high-end	O
calculators	B-Application
sharing	O
many	O
similarities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BASIC-programmable	O
calculators	O
often	O
featured	O
an	O
additional	O
"	O
calculator-like	O
"	O
keyboard	O
and	O
a	O
special	O
calculator	B-Application
mode	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
system	O
behaved	O
like	O
a	O
scientific	O
calculator	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pocket	B-Device
computers	I-Device
often	O
offered	O
additional	O
programming	O
languages	O
as	O
option	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Casio	O
PB-2000	O
for	O
example	O
offered	O
ANSI-C	B-Language
,	O
BASIC	O
,	O
Assembler	B-Language
and	O
Lisp	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Casio	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
sold	O
some	O
BASIC-programmable	O
calculators	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
their	O
"	O
fx-	O
"	O
calculator	B-Application
series	O
and	O
pocket	B-Device
computer	I-Device
the	O
dedicated	O
"	O
pb-	O
"	O
series	O
while	O
Sharp	O
marketed	O
all	O
BASIC-programmable	O
devices	O
as	O
pocket	B-Device
computers	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
programmable	B-Application
calculators	I-Application
have	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
methods	O
of	O
connecting	O
to	O
a	O
PC	O
for	O
the	O
interchange	O
of	O
data	O
,	O
programs	B-Application
,	O
and	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
methods	O
include	O
IrDA	O
,	O
other	O
wireless	O
,	O
serial	O
ports	O
-including	O
USB	B-Protocol
or	O
RS-232	O
via.125	O
inch	O
or	O
other	O
size	O
audio	O
plugs	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
latest	O
programmable	B-Application
calculators	I-Application
contain	O
cellular	O
modems	O
as	O
an	O
additional	O
channel	O
of	O
connectivity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
programmable	B-Application
calculators	I-Application
can	O
in	O
many	O
cases	O
,	O
via	O
these	O
connections	O
,	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
peripherals	O
such	O
as	O
data	O
loggers	O
and	O
interfaces	O
for	O
instruments	O
like	O
thermometers	O
,	O
pH	O
meters	O
,	O
weather	O
instruments	O
of	O
all	O
kinds	O
,	O
light	O
meters	O
,	O
audio	O
probes	O
and	O
microphones	O
,	O
dynamometers	O
,	O
pressure	O
gauges	O
,	O
voltmeters	O
,	O
ammeters	O
,	O
ohm	O
meters	O
,	O
atmospheric	O
electricity	O
measurement	O
apparatus	O
,	O
ion	O
counters	O
,	O
Geiger	O
counters	O
and	O
scintillometers	O
,	O
altimeters	O
,	O
scales	O
,	O
accelerometers	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Others	O
can	O
be	O
configured	O
—	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
collecting	O
bio-feedback	O
data	O
by	O
connecting	O
devices	O
for	O
a	O
pulse	O
,	O
blood	O
pressure	O
,	O
oxygen	O
saturation	O
,	O
galvanic	O
skin	O
resistance	O
,	O
body	O
temperature	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
EKG	O
and	O
EEG	O
probes	O
to	O
a	O
data	O
logger	O
which	O
is	O
then	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
calculator	B-Application
and	O
,	O
then	O
or	O
later	O
,	O
a	O
PC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HP	O
programmables	O
and	O
others	O
have	O
an	O
IrDA	O
interface	O
which	O
allows	O
them	O
to	O
interface	O
with	O
the	O
printers	O
specially	O
designed	O
for	O
the	O
calculators	B-Application
,	O
HP	O
's	O
main	O
lines	O
of	O
laser	O
printers	O
,	O
computers	O
,	O
other	O
calculators	B-Application
,	O
and	O
other	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
commonly	O
available	O
from	O
many	O
companies	O
are	O
small	O
printers	O
made	O
specifically	O
for	O
calculators	B-Application
which	O
tend	O
to	O
use	O
cash	O
register	O
tape	O
paper	O
,	O
ports	O
and	O
cables	O
for	O
connecting	O
the	O
calculators	B-Application
to	O
a	O
computer	O
and/or	O
another	O
calculator	B-Application
,	O
cassette	O
recorders	O
for	O
recording	O
programs	B-Application
and	O
data	O
,	O
overhead	O
projector	O
displays	O
,	O
and	O
connectors	O
for	O
auxiliary	O
display	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
earlier	O
programmable	B-Application
calculators	I-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
pocket	B-Device
computers	I-Device
mentioned	O
above	O
,	O
also	O
had	O
such	O
things	O
as	O
video	O
interfaces	O
for	O
televisions	O
and	O
composite	O
monitors	O
,	O
2½	O
inch	O
mini	O
floppy	O
disc	O
drives	O
,	O
bar-code	O
readers	O
,	O
and	O
standard	O
RS-232	O
connectivity	O
which	O
provided	O
for	O
other	O
such	O
things	O
as	O
modems	O
,	O
external	O
hard	O
drives	O
and	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
printer	O
selection	O
for	O
the	O
pocket	B-Device
computers	I-Device
was	O
a	O
bit	O
wider	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
including	O
thermal	O
,	O
impact	O
,	O
dot	B-General_Concept
matrix	I-General_Concept
,	O
daisy	O
wheel	O
,	O
4-colour	O
pen	O
,	O
printers	O
of	O
the	O
type	O
used	O
in	O
simpler	O
printing	O
calculators	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
calculators	B-Application
and	O
pocket	B-Device
computers	I-Device
had	O
external	O
3½	O
and	O
5¼	O
inch	O
floppy	O
drives	O
,	O
cables	O
for	O
connecting	O
two	O
cassette	O
recorders	O
,	O
cradles	O
containing	O
a	O
printer	O
and/or	O
cassette	O
recorder	O
into	O
which	O
the	O
machine	O
slid	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
possible	O
to	O
connect	O
some	O
machines	O
to	O
certain	O
electric	O
typewriters	O
for	O
use	O
as	O
a	O
printer	O
(	O
the	O
typewriters	O
are	O
also	O
able	O
to	O
be	O
connected	O
to	O
PCs	B-Device
for	O
this	O
purpose	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
interface	O
tends	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
standard	O
RS-232	O
and/or	O
DIN	O
plug	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
typewriter	O
's	O
floppy	O
or	O
micro	O
floppy	O
drives	O
.	O
</s>
