<s>
NeXT	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
(	O
later	O
NeXT	B-Device
Computer	I-Device
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
and	O
NeXT	O
Software	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
)	O
was	O
an	O
American	O
technology	O
company	O
that	O
specialized	O
in	O
computer	B-Device
workstations	I-Device
intended	O
for	O
higher	O
education	O
and	O
business	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Based	O
in	O
Redwood	O
City	O
,	O
California	O
,	O
and	O
founded	O
by	O
Apple	O
Computer	O
co-founder	O
and	O
CEO	O
Steve	O
Jobs	O
after	O
he	O
was	O
forced	O
out	O
of	O
Apple	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
introduced	O
their	O
first	O
product	O
,	O
the	O
NeXT	B-Device
Computer	I-Device
,	O
in	O
1988	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
the	O
smaller	O
NeXTcube	B-Device
and	O
NeXTstation	B-Device
in	O
1990	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nevertheless	O
,	O
their	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
and	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
were	O
trendsetters	O
of	O
computer	O
innovation	O
,	O
and	O
highly	O
influential	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NeXT	O
partnered	O
with	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
programming	B-Application
environment	I-Application
called	O
OpenStep	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
was	O
the	O
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
's	O
application	O
layer	O
hosted	O
on	O
a	O
third-party	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1993	O
,	O
NeXT	O
withdrew	O
from	O
the	O
hardware	B-Architecture
industry	O
to	O
concentrate	O
on	O
marketing	O
OPENSTEP	B-Operating_System
for	O
Mach	B-Operating_System
,	O
its	O
own	O
OpenStep	B-Operating_System
implementation	O
,	O
for	O
several	O
other	O
computer	O
vendors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NeXT	O
also	O
developed	O
WebObjects	B-Language
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
enterprise	O
web	B-Application
application	I-Application
frameworks	I-Application
,	O
and	O
although	O
its	O
market	O
appeal	O
was	O
limited	O
by	O
its	O
high	O
$	O
50,000	O
price	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
prominent	O
early	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
web	B-Application
server	I-Application
that	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
dynamic	O
page	O
generation	O
rather	O
than	O
static	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
also	O
promised	O
that	O
NeXT	O
's	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
would	O
be	O
ported	O
to	O
Macintosh	B-Device
hardware	B-Architecture
,	O
and	O
combined	O
with	O
the	O
classic	B-Application
Mac	I-Application
OS	I-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
would	O
yield	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
,	O
later	O
called	O
macOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1985	O
,	O
Apple	O
co-founder	O
and	O
CEO	O
Steve	O
Jobs	O
led	O
a	O
division	O
campaign	O
called	O
SuperMicro	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
responsible	O
for	O
developing	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
and	O
Lisa	B-Device
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jobs	O
was	O
intrigued	O
by	O
Berg	O
's	O
concept	O
of	O
a	O
workstation	B-Device
and	O
contemplated	O
starting	O
a	O
higher-education	O
computer	O
company	O
in	O
late	O
1985	O
,	O
amid	O
increasing	O
turmoil	O
at	O
Apple	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jobs	O
's	O
division	O
did	O
not	O
release	O
the	O
upgraded	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
computer	O
and	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
Office	I-Device
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
told	O
the	O
board	O
he	O
was	O
leaving	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
a	O
new	O
computer	O
company	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
taking	O
several	O
Apple	O
employees	O
from	O
the	O
SuperMicro	O
division	O
with	O
him	O
,	O
but	O
he	O
also	O
promised	O
that	O
his	O
new	O
company	O
would	O
not	O
compete	O
with	O
Apple	O
and	O
might	O
even	O
consider	O
licensing	O
their	O
designs	O
to	O
them	O
under	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
brand	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
consulting	O
with	O
major	O
educational	O
buyers	O
from	O
around	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
follow-up	O
meeting	O
with	O
Paul	O
Berg	O
,	O
a	O
tentative	O
specification	O
for	O
the	O
workstation	B-Device
was	O
drawn	O
up	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
mid-1986	O
,	O
NeXT	O
changed	O
its	O
business	O
plan	O
to	O
develop	O
both	O
computer	B-Architecture
hardware	I-Architecture
and	O
software	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
just	O
workstations	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rich	O
Page	O
,	O
a	O
NeXT	O
cofounder	O
who	O
formerly	O
directed	O
Apple	B-Device
Lisa	I-Device
's	O
team	O
,	O
led	O
a	O
team	O
to	O
develop	O
the	O
hardware	B-Architecture
,	O
while	O
Mach	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
engineer	O
Avie	O
Tevanian	O
led	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
NeXT	O
's	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
NeXT	O
's	O
first	O
workstation	B-Device
was	O
named	O
the	O
NeXT	B-Device
Computer	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
NeXT	O
and	O
Adobe	O
collaborated	O
on	O
Display	O
PostScript	O
(	O
DPS	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
2D	O
graphics	B-Device
engine	I-Device
that	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
1987	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NeXT	O
engineers	O
wrote	O
an	O
alternative	O
windowing	B-Application
engine	O
edition	O
to	O
take	O
full	O
advantage	O
of	O
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
NeXT	O
engineers	O
used	O
Display	O
PostScript	O
to	O
draw	O
on-screen	O
graphic	O
designs	O
such	O
as	O
title-bar	O
and	O
scroller	O
for	O
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
's	O
user-space	B-Operating_System
windowing	B-Application
system	I-Application
library	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
12	O
,	O
1988	O
,	O
the	O
NeXT	B-Device
Computer	I-Device
received	O
standing	O
ovations	O
when	O
it	O
was	O
revealed	O
at	O
a	O
private	O
gala	O
event	O
,	O
"	O
NeXT	O
Introductionthe	O
Introduction	O
to	O
the	O
NeXT	O
Generation	O
of	O
Computers	O
for	O
Education	O
"	O
at	O
the	O
Louise	O
M	O
.	O
Davies	O
Symphony	O
Hall	O
in	O
San	O
Francisco	O
,	O
California	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
day	O
,	O
selected	O
educators	O
and	O
software	O
engineers	O
were	O
invited	O
to	O
attend	O
the	O
first	O
public	O
technical	O
overview	O
of	O
the	O
NeXT	B-Device
computer	I-Device
at	O
the	O
event	O
"	O
The	O
NeXT	O
Day	O
"	O
held	O
at	O
the	O
San	O
Francisco	O
Hilton	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
event	O
gave	O
developers	O
interested	O
in	O
NeXT	O
software	O
an	O
insight	O
into	O
their	O
architecture	B-Architecture
,	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
,	O
and	O
the	O
NeXT	B-Device
Computer	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
NeXT	B-Device
Computers	I-Device
were	O
experimented	O
in	O
1989	O
,	O
after	O
which	O
NeXT	O
sold	O
a	O
limited	O
number	O
of	O
these	O
devices	O
to	O
universities	O
with	O
a	O
beta	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
pre-installed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
,	O
the	O
NeXT	B-Device
Computer	I-Device
targeted	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
higher-education	O
institutions	O
only	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
base	O
price	O
of	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
computer	O
was	O
widely	O
reviewed	O
in	O
magazines	O
,	O
primarily	O
the	O
hardware	B-Architecture
portion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NeXT	B-Device
Computer	I-Device
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
25MHz	O
Motorola	B-Device
68030	I-Device
central	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
unit	I-General_Concept
(	O
CPU	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Motorola	B-Architecture
88000	I-Architecture
RISC	B-Architecture
chip	O
was	O
originally	O
considered	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
available	O
in	O
sufficient	O
quantities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
computer	O
included	O
between	O
8	O
and	O
64	O
MB	O
of	O
random-access	B-Architecture
memory	I-Architecture
(	O
RAM	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
a	O
256	O
MB	O
magneto-optical	B-Device
(	O
MO	O
)	O
drive	O
,	O
a	O
40	O
MB	O
(	O
swap-only	O
)	O
,	O
330	O
MB	O
,	O
or	O
660	O
MB	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drive	I-Device
,	O
10BASE2	O
Ethernet	O
,	O
NuBus	B-Device
,	O
and	O
a	O
17-inch	O
MegaPixel	B-Device
grayscale	O
display	O
measuring	O
1120	O
by	O
832	O
pixels	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1989	O
,	O
a	O
typical	O
new	O
PC	O
,	O
Macintosh	B-Device
,	O
or	O
Amiga	B-Device
computer	I-Device
included	O
a	O
few	O
megabytes	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
,	O
a	O
640×480	O
16-color	O
or	O
a	O
320x240	O
4,096	O
-color	O
display	O
,	O
a	O
10	O
-	O
to	O
20-megabyte	O
hard	B-Device
drive	I-Device
,	O
and	O
few	O
networking	B-Architecture
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
computer	O
to	O
ship	O
with	O
a	O
general-purpose	O
DSP	O
chip	O
(	O
Motorola	O
56001	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
motherboard	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
magneto-optical	B-Device
(	O
MO	O
)	O
drive	O
manufactured	O
by	O
Canon	O
Inc	O
.	O
was	O
the	O
primary	O
mass	B-Device
storage	I-Device
device	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
MO	B-Device
drives	I-Device
were	O
cheaper	O
but	O
much	O
slower	O
than	O
hard	B-Device
drives	I-Device
,	O
with	O
an	O
average	O
seek	O
time	O
of	O
96	O
ms	O
;	O
Jobs	O
negotiated	O
Canon	O
's	O
initial	O
price	O
of	O
$150	O
per	O
blank	O
MO	B-Device
disk	I-Device
so	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
sell	O
at	O
retail	O
for	O
only	O
$50	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
disk	O
drive	O
's	O
design	O
made	O
it	O
impossible	O
to	O
move	O
files	O
between	O
computers	O
without	O
a	O
network	O
,	O
because	O
each	O
NeXT	B-Device
Computer	I-Device
has	O
only	O
one	O
MO	B-Device
drive	I-Device
and	O
the	O
disk	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
removed	O
without	O
shutting	O
down	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
drive	O
's	O
limited	O
speed	O
and	O
capacity	O
made	O
it	O
insufficient	O
as	O
the	O
primary	O
medium	O
running	O
the	O
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1989	O
,	O
NeXT	O
struck	O
a	O
deal	O
for	O
former	O
Compaq	O
reseller	O
Businessland	O
to	O
sell	O
the	O
NeXT	B-Device
Computer	I-Device
in	O
international	O
markets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Businessland	O
founder	O
David	O
Norman	O
predicted	O
that	O
sales	O
of	O
the	O
NeXT	B-Device
Computer	I-Device
would	O
surpass	O
sales	O
of	O
Compaq	O
computers	O
after	O
12	O
months	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Canon	O
invested	O
in	O
NeXT	O
with	O
the	O
condition	O
of	O
installing	O
the	O
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
environment	O
on	O
its	O
own	O
workstations	B-Device
,	O
which	O
would	O
mean	O
a	O
greatly	O
expanded	O
market	O
for	O
the	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
NeXT	O
exited	O
the	O
hardware	B-Architecture
business	O
,	O
Canon	O
produced	O
a	O
line	O
of	O
PCs	O
called	O
object.station	O
—	O
including	O
models	O
31	O
,	O
41	O
,	O
50	O
,	O
and	O
52	O
—	O
specifically	O
designed	O
to	O
run	O
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
on	O
Intel	O
chips	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NeXT	B-Device
Computer	I-Device
was	O
released	O
in	O
1990	O
for	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1990	O
,	O
NeXT	O
released	O
a	O
second	O
generation	O
of	O
workstations	B-Device
:	O
a	O
revised	O
NeXT	B-Device
Computer	I-Device
NeXTcube	B-Device
and	O
the	O
NeXTstation	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NeXTstation	B-Device
was	O
nicknamed	O
"	O
the	O
slab	O
"	O
for	O
its	O
low-rise	O
box	O
form-factor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jobs	O
ensured	O
that	O
NeXT	O
staffers	O
did	O
not	O
nickname	O
the	O
NeXTstation	B-Device
"	O
pizza	B-General_Concept
box	I-General_Concept
"	O
to	O
avoid	O
inadvertent	O
comparison	O
with	O
competitor	O
Sun	O
workstations	B-Device
,	O
which	O
already	O
had	O
that	O
nickname	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Realizing	O
this	O
,	O
NeXT	O
used	O
the	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
drive	O
instead	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
eventually	O
become	O
the	O
standard	O
for	O
storage	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Color	O
graphics	O
were	O
available	O
on	O
the	O
NeXTstation	B-Device
Color	O
and	O
NeXTdimension	B-Device
graphics	B-Device
processor	I-Device
hardware	B-Architecture
for	O
the	O
NeXTcube	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
new	O
computers	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
Motorola	B-Device
68040	I-Device
processor	O
,	O
were	O
cheaper	O
and	O
faster	O
than	O
their	O
predecessors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1992	O
,	O
NeXT	O
launched	O
"	O
Turbo	O
"	O
variants	O
of	O
the	O
NeXTcube	B-Device
and	O
NeXTstation	B-Device
,	O
with	O
a	O
33MHz	O
68040	B-Device
processor	O
and	O
the	O
maximum	O
RAM	B-Architecture
capacity	O
increased	O
to	O
128MB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1992	O
,	O
NeXT	O
sold	O
20,000	O
computers	O
,	O
counting	O
upgraded	O
motherboards	B-Device
on	O
back	O
order	O
as	O
system	O
sales	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NeXT	O
's	O
long-term	O
plan	O
was	O
to	O
migrate	O
to	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
emerging	O
high-performance	O
Reduced	B-Architecture
Instruction	I-Architecture
Set	I-Architecture
Computing	I-Architecture
(	O
RISC	B-Architecture
)	O
architectures	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
NeXT	O
RISC	B-Architecture
Workstation	B-Device
(	O
NRW	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
,	O
the	O
NRW	O
was	O
to	O
be	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Motorola	B-Device
88110	I-Device
processor	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
later	O
redesigned	O
around	O
dual	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
601s	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
confidence	O
in	O
Motorola	O
's	O
commitment	O
to	O
the	O
88000-series	O
architecture	B-Architecture
in	O
the	O
time	O
leading	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
AIM	O
alliance	O
's	O
transition	O
to	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
1991	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
NeXT	O
's	O
future	O
withdrawal	O
from	O
the	O
hardware	B-Architecture
industry	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
started	O
porting	O
the	O
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
to	O
the	O
Intel	O
80486-based	O
IBM	O
PC	O
compatible	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
mid-1993	O
the	O
process	O
was	O
completed	O
,	O
and	O
version	O
3.1	O
(	O
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
486	B-General_Concept
)	O
was	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
3.x	O
was	O
later	O
ported	O
to	O
PA-RISC	B-Device
-	O
and	O
SPARC-based	O
platforms	O
,	O
for	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
four	O
versions	O
:	O
NeXTSTEP/NeXT	O
(	O
for	O
NeXT	O
's	O
own	O
hardware	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
NeXTSTEP/Intel	O
,	O
NeXTSTEP/PA	O
-RISC	O
,	O
and	O
NeXTSTEP/SPARC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
latter	O
three	O
ports	O
were	O
not	O
widely	O
used	O
,	O
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
gained	O
popularity	O
at	O
institutions	O
such	O
as	O
First	O
Chicago	O
NBD	O
,	O
Swiss	O
Bank	O
Corporation	O
,	O
O'Connor	O
and	O
Company	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
organizations	O
,	O
owing	O
to	O
its	O
programming	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
IBM	O
PC	O
clone	O
vendors	O
offered	O
somewhat	O
customized	O
hardware	B-Architecture
solutions	O
that	O
were	O
delivered	O
running	O
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
on	O
Intel	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Elonex	O
NextStation	B-Device
and	O
the	O
Canon	O
object.station	O
41	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1993	O
,	O
NeXT	O
withdrew	O
from	O
the	O
hardware	B-Architecture
industry	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
company	O
was	O
renamed	O
to	O
NeXT	O
Software	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
Consequently	O
,	O
230	O
of	O
the	O
530	O
staff	O
employees	O
were	O
laid	O
off	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NeXT	O
negotiated	O
to	O
sell	O
the	O
hardware	B-Architecture
business	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Fremont	O
factory	O
,	O
to	O
Canon	O
,	O
which	O
later	O
pulled	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
deal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Work	O
on	O
the	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
machines	O
was	O
stopped	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
all	O
hardware	B-Architecture
production	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NeXT	O
partnered	O
with	O
Sun	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
programming	B-Application
environment	I-Application
called	O
OpenStep	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
is	O
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
's	O
application	O
layer	O
hosted	O
on	O
a	O
third	O
party	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1994	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
and	O
NeXT	O
were	O
collaborating	O
on	O
a	O
Windows	B-Device
NT	I-Device
port	O
of	O
OpenStep	B-Operating_System
which	O
was	O
never	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stepstone	O
,	O
originally	O
named	O
Productivity	O
Products	O
International	O
(	O
PPI	O
)	O
,	O
was	O
a	O
software	O
company	O
founded	O
in	O
1983	O
by	O
Brad	O
Cox	O
and	O
Tom	O
Love	O
,	O
best	O
known	O
for	O
releasing	O
the	O
original	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Objective-C	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
1995	O
,	O
NeXT	O
acquired	O
the	O
Objective-C	B-Language
trademark	O
and	O
rights	O
from	O
Stepstone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
Stepstone	O
licensed	O
back	O
from	O
NeXT	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
continue	O
selling	O
their	O
Objective-C	B-Language
based	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
Apple	O
Computer	O
acquired	O
NeXT	O
a	O
year	O
later	O
,	O
they	O
now	O
hold	O
the	O
rights	O
to	O
Objective-C	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
exiting	O
the	O
hardware	B-Architecture
business	O
,	O
NeXT	O
focused	O
on	O
other	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
products	O
based	O
on	O
OpenStep	B-Operating_System
were	O
released	O
,	O
including	O
OpenStep	B-Operating_System
Enterprise	I-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
version	O
for	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Windows	B-Device
NT	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
NeXT	O
launched	O
WebObjects	B-Language
,	O
a	O
platform	O
for	O
building	O
large-scale	O
dynamic	O
web	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
platform	O
was	O
bundled	O
with	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
and	O
Xcode	B-Operating_System
,	O
but	O
was	O
removed	O
in	O
2009	O
and	O
discontinued	O
in	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebObjects	B-Language
would	O
eventually	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
power	O
Apple	O
's	O
iTunes	O
Store	O
and	O
most	O
of	O
its	O
corporate	O
website	O
for	O
years	O
,	O
with	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
iTunes	O
Store	O
and	O
Apple	O
Music	O
remaining	O
powered	O
by	O
it	O
to	O
this	O
day	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
purpose	O
of	O
the	O
acquisition	O
was	O
to	O
use	O
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
as	O
a	O
foundation	O
to	O
replace	O
the	O
dated	O
classic	B-Application
Mac	I-Application
OS	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Over	O
the	O
next	O
five	O
years	O
the	O
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
was	O
ported	O
to	O
the	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
architecture	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
an	O
Intel	O
port	O
and	O
OpenStep	B-Operating_System
Enterprise	I-Operating_System
toolkit	O
for	O
Windows	O
were	O
both	O
produced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
was	O
code-named	O
Rhapsody	B-Operating_System
,	O
while	O
the	O
crossplatform	O
toolkit	O
was	O
called	O
"	O
Yellow	O
Box	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
backward	O
compatibility	O
,	O
Apple	O
added	O
the	O
"	O
Blue	O
Box	O
"	O
to	O
Rhapsody	B-Operating_System
,	O
allowing	O
existing	O
Mac	O
applications	O
to	O
be	O
run	O
in	O
a	O
self-contained	O
cooperative	O
multitasking	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
server	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
was	O
released	O
as	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
1.0	I-Operating_System
in	O
1999	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
consumer	O
version	O
,	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.0	I-Operating_System
,	O
in	O
2001	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OpenStep	B-Operating_System
developer	O
toolkit	O
was	O
renamed	O
Cocoa	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rhapsody	B-Operating_System
's	O
Blue	O
Box	O
was	O
renamed	O
Classic	O
Environment	O
and	O
changed	O
to	O
run	O
applications	O
full-screen	O
without	O
requiring	O
a	O
separate	O
window	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
included	O
an	O
updated	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
Macintosh	B-Device
toolbox	O
,	O
called	O
Carbon	B-Operating_System
,	O
that	O
gave	O
existing	O
Mac	O
applications	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
environment	O
without	O
the	O
constraints	O
of	O
Blue	O
Box	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
's	O
interface	O
features	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
,	O
including	O
the	O
Dock	O
,	O
the	O
Services	O
menu	O
,	O
the	O
Finder	B-Application
's	O
"	O
Column	O
"	O
view	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Cocoa	B-Application
text	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
's	O
processor-independent	O
capabilities	O
were	O
retained	O
in	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
,	O
leading	O
to	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
,	O
x86	O
,	O
and	O
ARM	O
versions	O
(	O
although	O
only	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
versions	O
were	O
publicly	O
available	O
before	O
2006	O
and	O
were	O
discontinued	O
by	O
2009	O
,	O
and	O
ARM	O
versions	O
were	O
not	O
available	O
until	O
2020	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
floor	O
had	O
hardwood	O
flooring	O
and	O
large	O
worktables	O
where	O
the	O
workstations	B-Device
would	O
be	O
assembled	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
contracted	O
out	O
for	O
all	O
major	O
components	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
mainboards	B-Device
and	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
the	O
finished	O
components	O
shipped	O
to	O
the	O
first	O
floor	O
for	O
assembly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NeXT	O
's	O
Palo	O
Alto	O
office	O
was	O
subsequently	O
occupied	O
by	O
Internet	O
Shopping	O
Network	O
(	O
a	O
subsidiary	O
of	O
Home	O
Shopping	O
Network	O
)	O
in	O
1994	O
,	O
and	O
later	O
by	O
SAP	B-Application
AG	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
the	O
only	O
mainstream	O
periodical	O
to	O
discuss	O
NeXT	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
their	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
NeXT	O
application	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
and	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
became	O
more	O
common	O
after	O
the	O
1988	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
NeXTcube	B-Device
and	O
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
technologically	O
successful	O
platform	O
was	O
often	O
held	O
as	O
the	O
trendsetter	O
when	O
other	O
companies	O
started	O
to	O
emulate	O
the	O
success	O
of	O
NeXT	O
's	O
object-oriented	B-Language
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Widely	O
seen	O
as	O
a	O
response	O
to	O
NeXT	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
announced	O
the	O
Cairo	B-Application
project	I-Application
in	O
1991	O
;	O
the	O
Cairo	B-Application
specification	O
included	O
similar	O
object-oriented	B-Language
user-interface	O
features	O
for	O
a	O
coming	O
consumer	O
version	O
of	O
Windows	B-Device
NT	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
Cairo	B-Application
was	O
ultimately	O
abandoned	O
,	O
some	O
elements	O
were	O
integrated	O
into	O
other	O
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
1993	O
,	O
Taligent	B-Operating_System
was	O
considered	O
by	O
the	O
press	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
competitor	O
in	O
objects	O
and	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
,	O
even	O
without	O
any	O
product	O
release	O
,	O
with	O
NeXT	O
being	O
a	O
main	O
point	O
of	O
comparison	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
first	O
few	O
years	O
,	O
Taligent	B-Operating_System
's	O
theoretical	O
innovation	O
was	O
often	O
compared	O
to	O
NeXT	O
's	O
older	O
but	O
mature	O
and	O
commercially	O
established	O
platform	O
,	O
but	O
Taligent	B-Operating_System
's	O
debut	O
release	O
in	O
1995	O
was	O
called	O
"	O
too	O
little	O
,	O
too	O
late	O
"	O
,	O
especially	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
NeXT	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
in	O
1990	O
,	O
Computer	O
Scientist	O
Tim	O
Berners-Lee	O
used	O
a	O
NeXT	B-Device
Computer	I-Device
to	O
develop	O
the	O
first	B-Language
web	I-Language
browser	I-Language
and	O
web	B-Application
server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
series	O
Doom	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Quake	B-Application
were	O
developed	O
by	O
id	O
Software	O
with	O
NeXT	B-Device
computers	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
commercial	O
programs	O
were	O
released	O
for	O
NeXT	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
including	O
Altsys	O
Virtuoso	O
—	O
a	O
vector-drawing	O
program	O
with	O
page-layout	O
features	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
ported	O
to	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
and	O
Microsoft	O
Windows	O
as	O
Aldus	O
FreeHand	O
v4	O
—	O
and	O
the	O
Lotus	B-Device
Improv	I-Device
spreadsheet	B-Application
program	I-Application
.	O
</s>
